Humanities/Arts Exam  >  Humanities/Arts Notes  >  NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities  >  NCERT Textbook - Krishan Chander

NCERT Textbook - Krishan Chander | NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Download, print and study this document offline
Please wait while the PDF view is loading
 Page 1


tkequ dk isM+/89
vI
+
kQlksl bl ckr dk ugha gS fd ekSr csjge gSA
vI
+
kQlksl bl ckr dk gS fd vLirky csjge D;ksa gSa\
(vkbZus osQ lkeus)
Ñ'upanj
tUe% lu~~ 1914] iatkc osQ o”khjkckn xk¡o
(f”kyk&xqtjkadyka)
izeqq[k jpuk,¡% ,d fxjTkk&,&[kand] ;wosQfyIV~l
dh Mkyh (dgkuh&laxzg)_ f'kdLr] ”kjxk¡o dh
jkuh] lM+d okil tkrh gS] vkleku jkS'ku gS]
,d xèks dh vkRedFkk] vUunkrk] ge og'kh gSa]
tc [ksr tkxs] ckou iÙks] ,d ok;fyu leanj
osQ fdukjs] dkx”k dh uko] esjh ;knksa osQ fdukjs
(miU;kl)
lEeku% lkfgR; vdkneh lfgr cgqr ls iqjLdkj
e`R;q% lu~~ 1977
izsepan osQ ckn ftu dgkuhdkjksa us dgkuh fo/k dks ubZ Å¡pkb;ksa rd igq¡pk;k]
muesa mnwZ dFkkdkj Ñ'upanj dk uke egRoiw.kZ gSA izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ls
mudk xgjk laca/ Fkk] ftldk vlj mudh jpukvksa esa Li"V :i ls >ydrk
gSA Ñ'upanj ,sls fxus&pqus ys[kdksa esa vkrs gSa] ftUgksaus ckn esa pydj ys[ku dks
gh jks”kh&jksVh dk lgkjk cuk;kA
Ñ'upanj dh izkFkfed f'k{kk iqaN (tEew ,oa d'ehj) esa gqbZA mPp f'k{kk osQ
fy, os lu~~ 1930 esa ykgkSj vk x, vkSj iQkWjesu fØf'p;u dkWyst esa izos'k
fy;kA 1934 esa iatkc fo'ofo|ky; ls mUgksaus vaxzs”kh esa ,e-,- fd;kA ckn esa
mudk tqM+ko fI
+
kQYe txr ls gks x;k vkSj vafre le; rd os eqacbZ esa gh jgsA
2024-25
Page 2


tkequ dk isM+/89
vI
+
kQlksl bl ckr dk ugha gS fd ekSr csjge gSA
vI
+
kQlksl bl ckr dk gS fd vLirky csjge D;ksa gSa\
(vkbZus osQ lkeus)
Ñ'upanj
tUe% lu~~ 1914] iatkc osQ o”khjkckn xk¡o
(f”kyk&xqtjkadyka)
izeqq[k jpuk,¡% ,d fxjTkk&,&[kand] ;wosQfyIV~l
dh Mkyh (dgkuh&laxzg)_ f'kdLr] ”kjxk¡o dh
jkuh] lM+d okil tkrh gS] vkleku jkS'ku gS]
,d xèks dh vkRedFkk] vUunkrk] ge og'kh gSa]
tc [ksr tkxs] ckou iÙks] ,d ok;fyu leanj
osQ fdukjs] dkx”k dh uko] esjh ;knksa osQ fdukjs
(miU;kl)
lEeku% lkfgR; vdkneh lfgr cgqr ls iqjLdkj
e`R;q% lu~~ 1977
izsepan osQ ckn ftu dgkuhdkjksa us dgkuh fo/k dks ubZ Å¡pkb;ksa rd igq¡pk;k]
muesa mnwZ dFkkdkj Ñ'upanj dk uke egRoiw.kZ gSA izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ls
mudk xgjk laca/ Fkk] ftldk vlj mudh jpukvksa esa Li"V :i ls >ydrk
gSA Ñ'upanj ,sls fxus&pqus ys[kdksa esa vkrs gSa] ftUgksaus ckn esa pydj ys[ku dks
gh jks”kh&jksVh dk lgkjk cuk;kA
Ñ'upanj dh izkFkfed f'k{kk iqaN (tEew ,oa d'ehj) esa gqbZA mPp f'k{kk osQ
fy, os lu~~ 1930 esa ykgkSj vk x, vkSj iQkWjesu fØf'p;u dkWyst esa izos'k
fy;kA 1934 esa iatkc fo'ofo|ky; ls mUgksaus vaxzs”kh esa ,e-,- fd;kA ckn esa
mudk tqM+ko fI
+
kQYe txr ls gks x;k vkSj vafre le; rd os eqacbZ esa gh jgsA
2024-25
90/vkjksg
;ksa rks Ñ'upanj us miU;kl] ukVd] fjiksrkZTk vkSj ys[k Hkh cgqr ls fy[ks gSa]
ysfdu mudh igpku dgkuhdkj osQ :i esa vf/d gqbZ gSA egky{eh dk iqy]
vkbZus osQ lkeus vkfn mudh e'kgwj dgkfu;k¡ gSaA mudh yksdfiz;rk bl dkj.k Hkh
gS fd os dkO;kRed jksekfu;r vkSj 'kSyh dh fofo/rk osQ dkj.k vyx eqdke
cukrs gSaA Ñ'upanj mnwZ dFkk&lkfgR; esa vuwBh jpuk'khyrk osQ fy, cgqpfpZr jgs
gSaA os izxfr'khy vkSj ;FkkFkZoknh u”kfj, ls fy[ks tkus okys lkfgR; osQ i{kèkj FksA
tkequ dk isM+ Ñ'upanj dh ,d izfl¼ gkL;&O;aX; dFkk gSA gkL;&O;aX;
osQ fy, ph”kksa dks vuqikr ls ”;knk iSQyk&iqQykdj fn[kykus dh ifjikVh iqjkuh
gS vkSj ;g dgkuh Hkh mldk vuqikyu djrh gSA blfy, ;gk¡ ?kVuk,¡
vfr'k;ksfDr& iw.kZ vkSj vfo'oluh; tku iM+sa] rks dksbZ gSjr ughaA fo'oluh;rk
,slh jpukvksa osQ ewY;kadu dh dlkSVh ugha gks ldrhA izLrqr ikB esa g¡lrs&g¡lrs
gh gekjs Hkhrj bl ckr dh le> iSnk gksrh gS fd dk;kZy;h rkSj&rjhdksa esa ik;k
tkus okyk foLrkj fdruk fujFkZd vkSj inkuqØe fdruk gkL;kLin gSA ckr ;gha
rd ugha jgrh\ bl O;oLFkk osQ laosnu'kwU; ,oa vekuoh; gksus dk i{k Hkh gekjs
lkeus vkrk gSA
Ñ'upanj/90
2024-25
Page 3


tkequ dk isM+/89
vI
+
kQlksl bl ckr dk ugha gS fd ekSr csjge gSA
vI
+
kQlksl bl ckr dk gS fd vLirky csjge D;ksa gSa\
(vkbZus osQ lkeus)
Ñ'upanj
tUe% lu~~ 1914] iatkc osQ o”khjkckn xk¡o
(f”kyk&xqtjkadyka)
izeqq[k jpuk,¡% ,d fxjTkk&,&[kand] ;wosQfyIV~l
dh Mkyh (dgkuh&laxzg)_ f'kdLr] ”kjxk¡o dh
jkuh] lM+d okil tkrh gS] vkleku jkS'ku gS]
,d xèks dh vkRedFkk] vUunkrk] ge og'kh gSa]
tc [ksr tkxs] ckou iÙks] ,d ok;fyu leanj
osQ fdukjs] dkx”k dh uko] esjh ;knksa osQ fdukjs
(miU;kl)
lEeku% lkfgR; vdkneh lfgr cgqr ls iqjLdkj
e`R;q% lu~~ 1977
izsepan osQ ckn ftu dgkuhdkjksa us dgkuh fo/k dks ubZ Å¡pkb;ksa rd igq¡pk;k]
muesa mnwZ dFkkdkj Ñ'upanj dk uke egRoiw.kZ gSA izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ls
mudk xgjk laca/ Fkk] ftldk vlj mudh jpukvksa esa Li"V :i ls >ydrk
gSA Ñ'upanj ,sls fxus&pqus ys[kdksa esa vkrs gSa] ftUgksaus ckn esa pydj ys[ku dks
gh jks”kh&jksVh dk lgkjk cuk;kA
Ñ'upanj dh izkFkfed f'k{kk iqaN (tEew ,oa d'ehj) esa gqbZA mPp f'k{kk osQ
fy, os lu~~ 1930 esa ykgkSj vk x, vkSj iQkWjesu fØf'p;u dkWyst esa izos'k
fy;kA 1934 esa iatkc fo'ofo|ky; ls mUgksaus vaxzs”kh esa ,e-,- fd;kA ckn esa
mudk tqM+ko fI
+
kQYe txr ls gks x;k vkSj vafre le; rd os eqacbZ esa gh jgsA
2024-25
90/vkjksg
;ksa rks Ñ'upanj us miU;kl] ukVd] fjiksrkZTk vkSj ys[k Hkh cgqr ls fy[ks gSa]
ysfdu mudh igpku dgkuhdkj osQ :i esa vf/d gqbZ gSA egky{eh dk iqy]
vkbZus osQ lkeus vkfn mudh e'kgwj dgkfu;k¡ gSaA mudh yksdfiz;rk bl dkj.k Hkh
gS fd os dkO;kRed jksekfu;r vkSj 'kSyh dh fofo/rk osQ dkj.k vyx eqdke
cukrs gSaA Ñ'upanj mnwZ dFkk&lkfgR; esa vuwBh jpuk'khyrk osQ fy, cgqpfpZr jgs
gSaA os izxfr'khy vkSj ;FkkFkZoknh u”kfj, ls fy[ks tkus okys lkfgR; osQ i{kèkj FksA
tkequ dk isM+ Ñ'upanj dh ,d izfl¼ gkL;&O;aX; dFkk gSA gkL;&O;aX;
osQ fy, ph”kksa dks vuqikr ls ”;knk iSQyk&iqQykdj fn[kykus dh ifjikVh iqjkuh
gS vkSj ;g dgkuh Hkh mldk vuqikyu djrh gSA blfy, ;gk¡ ?kVuk,¡
vfr'k;ksfDr& iw.kZ vkSj vfo'oluh; tku iM+sa] rks dksbZ gSjr ughaA fo'oluh;rk
,slh jpukvksa osQ ewY;kadu dh dlkSVh ugha gks ldrhA izLrqr ikB esa g¡lrs&g¡lrs
gh gekjs Hkhrj bl ckr dh le> iSnk gksrh gS fd dk;kZy;h rkSj&rjhdksa esa ik;k
tkus okyk foLrkj fdruk fujFkZd vkSj inkuqØe fdruk gkL;kLin gSA ckr ;gha
rd ugha jgrh\ bl O;oLFkk osQ laosnu'kwU; ,oa vekuoh; gksus dk i{k Hkh gekjs
lkeus vkrk gSA
Ñ'upanj/90
2024-25
tkequ dk isM+/91
tkequ dk isM+
jkr dks cM+s ”kksj dk >DdM+ pykA lsozsQVsfj;sV osQ ykWu esa tkequ dk ,d isM+
fxj iM+kA losjs dks tc ekyh us ns[kk] rks mls irk pyk fd isM+ osQ uhps ,d
vkneh nck iM+k gSA
ekyh nkSM+k&nkSM+k pijklh osQ ikl x;k] pijklh nkSM+k&nkSM+k DyoZQ osQ ikl
x;k] DyoZQ nkSM+k&nkSM+k lqifjaVsaMsaV osQ ikl x;k] lqifjaVsaMsaV nkSM+k&nkSM+k ckgj ykWu
esa vk;kA feuVksa esa fxjs gq, isM+ osQ uhps ncs gq, vkneh osQ pkjksa vksj HkhM+ bd_h
gks xbZA
2024-25
Page 4


tkequ dk isM+/89
vI
+
kQlksl bl ckr dk ugha gS fd ekSr csjge gSA
vI
+
kQlksl bl ckr dk gS fd vLirky csjge D;ksa gSa\
(vkbZus osQ lkeus)
Ñ'upanj
tUe% lu~~ 1914] iatkc osQ o”khjkckn xk¡o
(f”kyk&xqtjkadyka)
izeqq[k jpuk,¡% ,d fxjTkk&,&[kand] ;wosQfyIV~l
dh Mkyh (dgkuh&laxzg)_ f'kdLr] ”kjxk¡o dh
jkuh] lM+d okil tkrh gS] vkleku jkS'ku gS]
,d xèks dh vkRedFkk] vUunkrk] ge og'kh gSa]
tc [ksr tkxs] ckou iÙks] ,d ok;fyu leanj
osQ fdukjs] dkx”k dh uko] esjh ;knksa osQ fdukjs
(miU;kl)
lEeku% lkfgR; vdkneh lfgr cgqr ls iqjLdkj
e`R;q% lu~~ 1977
izsepan osQ ckn ftu dgkuhdkjksa us dgkuh fo/k dks ubZ Å¡pkb;ksa rd igq¡pk;k]
muesa mnwZ dFkkdkj Ñ'upanj dk uke egRoiw.kZ gSA izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ls
mudk xgjk laca/ Fkk] ftldk vlj mudh jpukvksa esa Li"V :i ls >ydrk
gSA Ñ'upanj ,sls fxus&pqus ys[kdksa esa vkrs gSa] ftUgksaus ckn esa pydj ys[ku dks
gh jks”kh&jksVh dk lgkjk cuk;kA
Ñ'upanj dh izkFkfed f'k{kk iqaN (tEew ,oa d'ehj) esa gqbZA mPp f'k{kk osQ
fy, os lu~~ 1930 esa ykgkSj vk x, vkSj iQkWjesu fØf'p;u dkWyst esa izos'k
fy;kA 1934 esa iatkc fo'ofo|ky; ls mUgksaus vaxzs”kh esa ,e-,- fd;kA ckn esa
mudk tqM+ko fI
+
kQYe txr ls gks x;k vkSj vafre le; rd os eqacbZ esa gh jgsA
2024-25
90/vkjksg
;ksa rks Ñ'upanj us miU;kl] ukVd] fjiksrkZTk vkSj ys[k Hkh cgqr ls fy[ks gSa]
ysfdu mudh igpku dgkuhdkj osQ :i esa vf/d gqbZ gSA egky{eh dk iqy]
vkbZus osQ lkeus vkfn mudh e'kgwj dgkfu;k¡ gSaA mudh yksdfiz;rk bl dkj.k Hkh
gS fd os dkO;kRed jksekfu;r vkSj 'kSyh dh fofo/rk osQ dkj.k vyx eqdke
cukrs gSaA Ñ'upanj mnwZ dFkk&lkfgR; esa vuwBh jpuk'khyrk osQ fy, cgqpfpZr jgs
gSaA os izxfr'khy vkSj ;FkkFkZoknh u”kfj, ls fy[ks tkus okys lkfgR; osQ i{kèkj FksA
tkequ dk isM+ Ñ'upanj dh ,d izfl¼ gkL;&O;aX; dFkk gSA gkL;&O;aX;
osQ fy, ph”kksa dks vuqikr ls ”;knk iSQyk&iqQykdj fn[kykus dh ifjikVh iqjkuh
gS vkSj ;g dgkuh Hkh mldk vuqikyu djrh gSA blfy, ;gk¡ ?kVuk,¡
vfr'k;ksfDr& iw.kZ vkSj vfo'oluh; tku iM+sa] rks dksbZ gSjr ughaA fo'oluh;rk
,slh jpukvksa osQ ewY;kadu dh dlkSVh ugha gks ldrhA izLrqr ikB esa g¡lrs&g¡lrs
gh gekjs Hkhrj bl ckr dh le> iSnk gksrh gS fd dk;kZy;h rkSj&rjhdksa esa ik;k
tkus okyk foLrkj fdruk fujFkZd vkSj inkuqØe fdruk gkL;kLin gSA ckr ;gha
rd ugha jgrh\ bl O;oLFkk osQ laosnu'kwU; ,oa vekuoh; gksus dk i{k Hkh gekjs
lkeus vkrk gSA
Ñ'upanj/90
2024-25
tkequ dk isM+/91
tkequ dk isM+
jkr dks cM+s ”kksj dk >DdM+ pykA lsozsQVsfj;sV osQ ykWu esa tkequ dk ,d isM+
fxj iM+kA losjs dks tc ekyh us ns[kk] rks mls irk pyk fd isM+ osQ uhps ,d
vkneh nck iM+k gSA
ekyh nkSM+k&nkSM+k pijklh osQ ikl x;k] pijklh nkSM+k&nkSM+k DyoZQ osQ ikl
x;k] DyoZQ nkSM+k&nkSM+k lqifjaVsaMsaV osQ ikl x;k] lqifjaVsaMsaV nkSM+k&nkSM+k ckgj ykWu
esa vk;kA feuVksa esa fxjs gq, isM+ osQ uhps ncs gq, vkneh osQ pkjksa vksj HkhM+ bd_h
gks xbZA
2024-25
92/vkjksg
¶cspkjk tkequ dk isM+A fdruk iQynkj Fkk!** ,d DyoZQ cksykA
¶vkSj bldh tkequsa fdruh jlhyh gksrh Fkha!** nwljk DyoZQ ;kn djrs gq, cksykA
¶eSa iQyksa osQ ekSle esa >ksyh Hkjdj ys tkrk Fkk] esjs cPps bldh tkequsa
fdruh [kq'kh ls [kkrs FksA** rhljk DyoZQ yxHkx #vk¡lk gksdj cksykA
¶exj ;g vkneh\** ekyh us ncs gq, vkneh dh rjI
+
kQ b'kkjk fd;kA
¶gk¡] ;g vknehA** lqifjaVsaMsaV lksp esa iM+ x;kA
¶irk ugha f”aknk gS fd ej x;k\** ,d pijklh us iwNkA
¶ej x;k gksxk] bruk Hkkjh isM+ ftldh ihB ij fxjs og cp oSQls ldrk
gS\** nwljk pijklh cksykA
¶ugha] eSa f”kank gw¡A** ncs gq, vkneh us cM+h dfBurk ls djkgrs gq, dgkA
¶f”kank gS!** ,d DyoZQ us rkTTkqc ls dgkA
¶isM+ dks gVkdj bls tYnh ls fudky ysuk pkfg,A** ekyh us lq>ko fn;kA
¶eqf'dy ekywe gksrk gS]** ,d lqLr] dkepksj vkSj eksVk pijklh cksyk] ¶isM+
dk ruk cgqr Hkkjh vkSj o”kuh gSA**
¶D;k eqf'dy gS\** ekyh cksyk] ¶vxj lqifjaVsaMsaV lkgc gqDe nsa] rks vHkh
ianzg&chl ekyh] pijklh vkSj DyoZQ yxkdj isM+ osQ uhps ls ncs gq, vkneh dks
fudkyk tk ldrk gSA**
¶ekyh Bhd dgrk gS]** cgqr&ls DyoZQ ,d lkFk cksy iM+s]¶yxkvks ”kksj] ge
rS;kj gSaA**
,d lkFk cgqr ls yksx isM+ dks mBkus dks rS;kj gks x,A
¶Bgjks!** lqifjaVsaMsaV cksyk] ¶eSa vaMj&lsozsQVjh ls iwN yw¡A**
lqifjaVsaMsaV vaMj&lsozsQVjh osQ ikl x;kA vaMj&lsozsQVjh fMIVh lsozsQVjh osQ ikl
x;kA fMIVh lsozsQVjh TokbaV lsozsQVjh osQ ikl x;kA TokbaV lsozsQVjh phI
+
kQ lsozsQVjh osQ
ikl x;kA phI
+
kQ lsozsQVjh fefuLVj osQ ikl x;kA fefuLVj us phI
+
kQ lsozsQVjh ls oqQN
dgkA phI
+
kQ lsozsQVjh us TokbaV lsozsQVjh ls oqQN dgkA TokbaV lsozsQVjh us fMIVh
2024-25
Page 5


tkequ dk isM+/89
vI
+
kQlksl bl ckr dk ugha gS fd ekSr csjge gSA
vI
+
kQlksl bl ckr dk gS fd vLirky csjge D;ksa gSa\
(vkbZus osQ lkeus)
Ñ'upanj
tUe% lu~~ 1914] iatkc osQ o”khjkckn xk¡o
(f”kyk&xqtjkadyka)
izeqq[k jpuk,¡% ,d fxjTkk&,&[kand] ;wosQfyIV~l
dh Mkyh (dgkuh&laxzg)_ f'kdLr] ”kjxk¡o dh
jkuh] lM+d okil tkrh gS] vkleku jkS'ku gS]
,d xèks dh vkRedFkk] vUunkrk] ge og'kh gSa]
tc [ksr tkxs] ckou iÙks] ,d ok;fyu leanj
osQ fdukjs] dkx”k dh uko] esjh ;knksa osQ fdukjs
(miU;kl)
lEeku% lkfgR; vdkneh lfgr cgqr ls iqjLdkj
e`R;q% lu~~ 1977
izsepan osQ ckn ftu dgkuhdkjksa us dgkuh fo/k dks ubZ Å¡pkb;ksa rd igq¡pk;k]
muesa mnwZ dFkkdkj Ñ'upanj dk uke egRoiw.kZ gSA izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ls
mudk xgjk laca/ Fkk] ftldk vlj mudh jpukvksa esa Li"V :i ls >ydrk
gSA Ñ'upanj ,sls fxus&pqus ys[kdksa esa vkrs gSa] ftUgksaus ckn esa pydj ys[ku dks
gh jks”kh&jksVh dk lgkjk cuk;kA
Ñ'upanj dh izkFkfed f'k{kk iqaN (tEew ,oa d'ehj) esa gqbZA mPp f'k{kk osQ
fy, os lu~~ 1930 esa ykgkSj vk x, vkSj iQkWjesu fØf'p;u dkWyst esa izos'k
fy;kA 1934 esa iatkc fo'ofo|ky; ls mUgksaus vaxzs”kh esa ,e-,- fd;kA ckn esa
mudk tqM+ko fI
+
kQYe txr ls gks x;k vkSj vafre le; rd os eqacbZ esa gh jgsA
2024-25
90/vkjksg
;ksa rks Ñ'upanj us miU;kl] ukVd] fjiksrkZTk vkSj ys[k Hkh cgqr ls fy[ks gSa]
ysfdu mudh igpku dgkuhdkj osQ :i esa vf/d gqbZ gSA egky{eh dk iqy]
vkbZus osQ lkeus vkfn mudh e'kgwj dgkfu;k¡ gSaA mudh yksdfiz;rk bl dkj.k Hkh
gS fd os dkO;kRed jksekfu;r vkSj 'kSyh dh fofo/rk osQ dkj.k vyx eqdke
cukrs gSaA Ñ'upanj mnwZ dFkk&lkfgR; esa vuwBh jpuk'khyrk osQ fy, cgqpfpZr jgs
gSaA os izxfr'khy vkSj ;FkkFkZoknh u”kfj, ls fy[ks tkus okys lkfgR; osQ i{kèkj FksA
tkequ dk isM+ Ñ'upanj dh ,d izfl¼ gkL;&O;aX; dFkk gSA gkL;&O;aX;
osQ fy, ph”kksa dks vuqikr ls ”;knk iSQyk&iqQykdj fn[kykus dh ifjikVh iqjkuh
gS vkSj ;g dgkuh Hkh mldk vuqikyu djrh gSA blfy, ;gk¡ ?kVuk,¡
vfr'k;ksfDr& iw.kZ vkSj vfo'oluh; tku iM+sa] rks dksbZ gSjr ughaA fo'oluh;rk
,slh jpukvksa osQ ewY;kadu dh dlkSVh ugha gks ldrhA izLrqr ikB esa g¡lrs&g¡lrs
gh gekjs Hkhrj bl ckr dh le> iSnk gksrh gS fd dk;kZy;h rkSj&rjhdksa esa ik;k
tkus okyk foLrkj fdruk fujFkZd vkSj inkuqØe fdruk gkL;kLin gSA ckr ;gha
rd ugha jgrh\ bl O;oLFkk osQ laosnu'kwU; ,oa vekuoh; gksus dk i{k Hkh gekjs
lkeus vkrk gSA
Ñ'upanj/90
2024-25
tkequ dk isM+/91
tkequ dk isM+
jkr dks cM+s ”kksj dk >DdM+ pykA lsozsQVsfj;sV osQ ykWu esa tkequ dk ,d isM+
fxj iM+kA losjs dks tc ekyh us ns[kk] rks mls irk pyk fd isM+ osQ uhps ,d
vkneh nck iM+k gSA
ekyh nkSM+k&nkSM+k pijklh osQ ikl x;k] pijklh nkSM+k&nkSM+k DyoZQ osQ ikl
x;k] DyoZQ nkSM+k&nkSM+k lqifjaVsaMsaV osQ ikl x;k] lqifjaVsaMsaV nkSM+k&nkSM+k ckgj ykWu
esa vk;kA feuVksa esa fxjs gq, isM+ osQ uhps ncs gq, vkneh osQ pkjksa vksj HkhM+ bd_h
gks xbZA
2024-25
92/vkjksg
¶cspkjk tkequ dk isM+A fdruk iQynkj Fkk!** ,d DyoZQ cksykA
¶vkSj bldh tkequsa fdruh jlhyh gksrh Fkha!** nwljk DyoZQ ;kn djrs gq, cksykA
¶eSa iQyksa osQ ekSle esa >ksyh Hkjdj ys tkrk Fkk] esjs cPps bldh tkequsa
fdruh [kq'kh ls [kkrs FksA** rhljk DyoZQ yxHkx #vk¡lk gksdj cksykA
¶exj ;g vkneh\** ekyh us ncs gq, vkneh dh rjI
+
kQ b'kkjk fd;kA
¶gk¡] ;g vknehA** lqifjaVsaMsaV lksp esa iM+ x;kA
¶irk ugha f”aknk gS fd ej x;k\** ,d pijklh us iwNkA
¶ej x;k gksxk] bruk Hkkjh isM+ ftldh ihB ij fxjs og cp oSQls ldrk
gS\** nwljk pijklh cksykA
¶ugha] eSa f”kank gw¡A** ncs gq, vkneh us cM+h dfBurk ls djkgrs gq, dgkA
¶f”kank gS!** ,d DyoZQ us rkTTkqc ls dgkA
¶isM+ dks gVkdj bls tYnh ls fudky ysuk pkfg,A** ekyh us lq>ko fn;kA
¶eqf'dy ekywe gksrk gS]** ,d lqLr] dkepksj vkSj eksVk pijklh cksyk] ¶isM+
dk ruk cgqr Hkkjh vkSj o”kuh gSA**
¶D;k eqf'dy gS\** ekyh cksyk] ¶vxj lqifjaVsaMsaV lkgc gqDe nsa] rks vHkh
ianzg&chl ekyh] pijklh vkSj DyoZQ yxkdj isM+ osQ uhps ls ncs gq, vkneh dks
fudkyk tk ldrk gSA**
¶ekyh Bhd dgrk gS]** cgqr&ls DyoZQ ,d lkFk cksy iM+s]¶yxkvks ”kksj] ge
rS;kj gSaA**
,d lkFk cgqr ls yksx isM+ dks mBkus dks rS;kj gks x,A
¶Bgjks!** lqifjaVsaMsaV cksyk] ¶eSa vaMj&lsozsQVjh ls iwN yw¡A**
lqifjaVsaMsaV vaMj&lsozsQVjh osQ ikl x;kA vaMj&lsozsQVjh fMIVh lsozsQVjh osQ ikl
x;kA fMIVh lsozsQVjh TokbaV lsozsQVjh osQ ikl x;kA TokbaV lsozsQVjh phI
+
kQ lsozsQVjh osQ
ikl x;kA phI
+
kQ lsozsQVjh fefuLVj osQ ikl x;kA fefuLVj us phI
+
kQ lsozsQVjh ls oqQN
dgkA phI
+
kQ lsozsQVjh us TokbaV lsozsQVjh ls oqQN dgkA TokbaV lsozsQVjh us fMIVh
2024-25
tkequ dk isM+/93
lsozsQVjh ls dgkA fMIVh lsozsQVjh us vaMj lsozsQVjh ls dgkA I
+
kQkby pyrh jghA
blh esa vkèkk fnu chr x;kA
nksigj osQ [kkus ij ncs gq, vkneh osQ pkjksa vksj cgqr HkhM+ gks xbZ FkhA yksx
rjg&rjg dh ckrsa dj jgs FksA oqQN eupys Dydks± us leL;k dks [kqn gh lqy>kuk
pkgkA os gqowQer osQ iSQlys dk bar”kkj fd, fcuk isM+ dks vius&vki gVk nsus dk
fu'p; dj jgs Fks fd brus esa lqifjaVsaMsaV I
+
kQkby fy, Hkkxk&Hkkxk vk;kA cksykµ
¶geyksx [kqn bl isM+ dks ugha gVk ldrsA geyksx O;kikj&foHkkx ls lacafèkr gSa]
vkSj ;g isM+ dh leL;k gS] tks Ñf"k&foHkkx osQ vèkhu gSA eSa bl I
+
kQkby dks vts±V
ekoZQ djosQ Ñf"k&foHkkx esa Hkst jgk gw¡µ ogk¡ ls mÙkj vkrs gh bl isM+ dks gVok
fn;k tk,xkA**
nwljs fnu Ñf"k&foHkkx ls mÙkj vk;k fd isM+ O;kikj&foHkkx osQ ykWu esa fxjk gS]
blfy, bl isM+ dks gVokus ;k u gVokus dh f”kEesnkjh O;kikj&foHkkx ij iM+rh gSA
;g mÙkj i<+dj O;kikj foHkkx dks xqLlk vk x;kA mUgksaus iQkSju fy[kk fd
isM+ksa dks gVokus ;k u gVokus dh f”kEesnkjh Ñf"k&foHkkx ij ykxw gksrh gS] O;kikj
foHkkx dk blls dksbZ lacaèk ugha gSA
nwljs fnu Hkh I
+
kQkby pyrh jghA 'kke dks tokc vk x;k–ge bl ekeys dks
gkWVhZdYpj fMikVZesaV osQ gokys dj jgs gSa] D;ksafd ;g ,d iQynkj isM+ dk ekeyk
gS vkSj ,xzhdYpj fMikVZesaV vukt vkSj [ksrh&ckM+h osQ ekeyksa esa I
+
kSQlyk djus
dk gdnkj gSA tkequ dk isM+ pw¡fd ,d iQynkj isM+ gS] blfy, ;g isM+
gkWVhZdYpj fMikVZesaV osQ varxZr vkrk gSA
jkr dks ekyh us ncs gq, vkneh dks nky&Hkkr f[kyk;k] tcfd mlosQ pkjksa
rjI
+
kQ iqfyl dk igjk Fkk fd dgha yksx dkuwu dks vius gkFk esa ysdj isM+ dks
[kqn ls gVokus dh dksf'k'k u djsaA exj ,d iqfyl dkaLVscy dks n;k vk xbZ vkSj
mlus ekyh dks ncs gq, vkneh dks [kkuk f[kykus dh bTkk”kr ns nhA
2024-25
Read More
535 docs

Top Courses for Humanities/Arts

FAQs on NCERT Textbook - Krishan Chander - NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts

1. Who is Krishan Chander?
Ans. Krishan Chander was a renowned Indian Urdu writer and scriptwriter. He is known for his impactful writings that highlight social issues and the struggles of the common man.
2. Which book did Krishan Chander write?
Ans. Krishan Chander has written several books, but one of his notable works is the "NCERT Textbook." This textbook covers various subjects and is widely used in schools in India.
3. What is the significance of the NCERT Textbook?
Ans. The NCERT Textbook is significant as it follows the curriculum prescribed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). It provides comprehensive and standardized content that helps students develop a strong foundation in various subjects.
4. How can the NCERT Textbook help in exam preparation?
Ans. The NCERT Textbook is an essential resource for exam preparation as it covers all the key concepts and topics in a concise manner. It provides in-depth explanations, examples, and exercises that help students understand and retain the information effectively.
5. Where can I find the NCERT Textbook by Krishan Chander?
Ans. The NCERT Textbook by Krishan Chander can be found in various bookstores and online platforms. It is also available for free download on the official website of NCERT.
535 docs
Download as PDF
Explore Courses for Humanities/Arts exam

Top Courses for Humanities/Arts

Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

ppt

,

past year papers

,

Semester Notes

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

MCQs

,

Important questions

,

Summary

,

NCERT Textbook - Krishan Chander | NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts

,

mock tests for examination

,

Free

,

Extra Questions

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

study material

,

Exam

,

NCERT Textbook - Krishan Chander | NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts

,

NCERT Textbook - Krishan Chander | NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts

,

Sample Paper

,

video lectures

,

Objective type Questions

,

pdf

,

practice quizzes

,

Viva Questions

;