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Page 1 IP Routing Tutorial Introduction to IP Routing Protocols Stefan Fouant ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.com Page 2 IP Routing Tutorial Introduction to IP Routing Protocols Stefan Fouant ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.com Agenda • Routing – The 10,000 Foot View • Routing in the Internet: A Brief History » Static Routing and the evolution of Dynamic Routing Protocols • Interior Gateway Protocols » Purpose » Distance-Vector vs. Link-State • Exterior Gateway Protocols ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net » Purpose » Autonomous Systems » Policy • Multi-Protocol Label Switching » Shortest-Cost Routing vs. Traffic-Engineering » MPLS VPNs • Quality of Service • The Future of Internet Routing Page 3 IP Routing Tutorial Introduction to IP Routing Protocols Stefan Fouant ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.com Agenda • Routing – The 10,000 Foot View • Routing in the Internet: A Brief History » Static Routing and the evolution of Dynamic Routing Protocols • Interior Gateway Protocols » Purpose » Distance-Vector vs. Link-State • Exterior Gateway Protocols ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net » Purpose » Autonomous Systems » Policy • Multi-Protocol Label Switching » Shortest-Cost Routing vs. Traffic-Engineering » MPLS VPNs • Quality of Service • The Future of Internet Routing Introduction • How does data go from one place on the Internet to another? ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net Page 4 IP Routing Tutorial Introduction to IP Routing Protocols Stefan Fouant ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.com Agenda • Routing – The 10,000 Foot View • Routing in the Internet: A Brief History » Static Routing and the evolution of Dynamic Routing Protocols • Interior Gateway Protocols » Purpose » Distance-Vector vs. Link-State • Exterior Gateway Protocols ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net » Purpose » Autonomous Systems » Policy • Multi-Protocol Label Switching » Shortest-Cost Routing vs. Traffic-Engineering » MPLS VPNs • Quality of Service • The Future of Internet Routing Introduction • How does data go from one place on the Internet to another? ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net Routing – The Easy Explanation? • The “Easy” answer: » If the shortest path from node i to node j, with distance D(i,j) passes through neighbor k, with link cost c(i,k), then: D(i,j) = c(i,k) + D(k,j) (Distance-Vector Protocols) ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net D(i,j) = c(i,k) + D(k,j) (Distance-Vector Protocols) or D(i,j) = D(i,k) + c(k,j) (Link-State Protocols) Page 5 IP Routing Tutorial Introduction to IP Routing Protocols Stefan Fouant ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.com Agenda • Routing – The 10,000 Foot View • Routing in the Internet: A Brief History » Static Routing and the evolution of Dynamic Routing Protocols • Interior Gateway Protocols » Purpose » Distance-Vector vs. Link-State • Exterior Gateway Protocols ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net » Purpose » Autonomous Systems » Policy • Multi-Protocol Label Switching » Shortest-Cost Routing vs. Traffic-Engineering » MPLS VPNs • Quality of Service • The Future of Internet Routing Introduction • How does data go from one place on the Internet to another? ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net Routing – The Easy Explanation? • The “Easy” answer: » If the shortest path from node i to node j, with distance D(i,j) passes through neighbor k, with link cost c(i,k), then: D(i,j) = c(i,k) + D(k,j) (Distance-Vector Protocols) ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net D(i,j) = c(i,k) + D(k,j) (Distance-Vector Protocols) or D(i,j) = D(i,k) + c(k,j) (Link-State Protocols) Routing – the 10,000 Foot View • Computers use numerical Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to reach each other • DNS provides a mechanism whereby a user-friendly DNS name (i.e. www.amazon.com) can be translated to a numerical IP address (i.e. 72.21.210.250) which can than be used to reach the intended destination • Once we have the destination IP address, we need to package our data into IP packets ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.net ShortestPathFirst Consulting Services www.shortestpathfirst.netRead More
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FAQs on PPT: Introduction to IP Routing Protocols - Computer Networks - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)
| 1. What are IP routing protocols? |  |
Ans. IP routing protocols are a set of rules and algorithms that determine the path data packets take across a network. They enable routers to exchange information and make decisions about the best routes to forward the packets to their destination.
| 2. Which are the commonly used IP routing protocols? | |
Ans. Some commonly used IP routing protocols include RIP (Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), and BGP (Border Gateway Protocol). Each protocol has its own characteristics and is suitable for different network environments.
| 3. How does RIP (Routing Information Protocol) work? | |
Ans. RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses the hop count as the metric to determine the best route. Routers running RIP exchange routing tables periodically, sharing information about the network topology. RIP selects the route with the lowest hop count as the best path, but it has limitations in larger networks due to its slow convergence.
| 4. What is OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and how does it work? | |
Ans. OSPF is a link-state routing protocol that calculates the shortest path to a destination using the Dijkstra algorithm. It creates a database of link-state advertisements (LSAs) containing information about network topology. OSPF routers exchange these LSAs to build a complete picture of the network and calculate the best routes based on cost. OSPF provides faster convergence and supports larger networks compared to RIP.
| 5. What is the difference between interior and exterior routing protocols? | |
Ans. Interior routing protocols (IGPs) are used within an autonomous system (AS) to exchange routing information between routers. Examples include RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP. Exterior routing protocols (EGPs) are used to exchange routing information between different ASs, connecting multiple autonomous systems together. BGP is an example of an EGP commonly used for inter-domain routing in the Internet.
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