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SOAP 
& 
DETERGENT       
Nur Syahirah Abdul Karim Groups’ 5ST2 2014
Page 2


SOAP 
& 
DETERGENT       
Nur Syahirah Abdul Karim Groups’ 5ST2 2014
INTRODUCTION
THE MEANING OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
PREPARATION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CLEANSING ACTION OF
SOAP AND DETERGENT 
Page 3


SOAP 
& 
DETERGENT       
Nur Syahirah Abdul Karim Groups’ 5ST2 2014
INTRODUCTION
THE MEANING OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
PREPARATION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CLEANSING ACTION OF
SOAP AND DETERGENT 
SOAP
IS THE  SALT FORMED WHEN A 
FATTY ACID IS NEUTRALISED BY 
AN ALKALI
Page 4


SOAP 
& 
DETERGENT       
Nur Syahirah Abdul Karim Groups’ 5ST2 2014
INTRODUCTION
THE MEANING OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
PREPARATION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CLEANSING ACTION OF
SOAP AND DETERGENT 
SOAP
IS THE  SALT FORMED WHEN A 
FATTY ACID IS NEUTRALISED BY 
AN ALKALI
SOAP IS A SODIUM SALT IF THE ALKALI USED IS SODIUM HYDROXIDE
SOAP IS A POTASSIUM SALT IF THE ALKALI USED IS POTASSIUM
HYDROXIDE
THE GENERAL FORMULA- RCOONa or RCOOK
EXAMPLE OF SOAP- 1) SODIUM PALMITATE, CH3(CH2)14COOH-Na+
2) SODIUM STEARATE, CH3(CH2)16COOH-Na+
3) SODIUM LAURATE, CH3(CH2)10COOH-Na+
Page 5


SOAP 
& 
DETERGENT       
Nur Syahirah Abdul Karim Groups’ 5ST2 2014
INTRODUCTION
THE MEANING OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
PREPARATION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP AND DETERGENT
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CLEANSING ACTION OF
SOAP AND DETERGENT 
SOAP
IS THE  SALT FORMED WHEN A 
FATTY ACID IS NEUTRALISED BY 
AN ALKALI
SOAP IS A SODIUM SALT IF THE ALKALI USED IS SODIUM HYDROXIDE
SOAP IS A POTASSIUM SALT IF THE ALKALI USED IS POTASSIUM
HYDROXIDE
THE GENERAL FORMULA- RCOONa or RCOOK
EXAMPLE OF SOAP- 1) SODIUM PALMITATE, CH3(CH2)14COOH-Na+
2) SODIUM STEARATE, CH3(CH2)16COOH-Na+
3) SODIUM LAURATE, CH3(CH2)10COOH-Na+
FORMED FROM NEUTRALIZATION BETWEEN:
FATTY ACID + ALKALI
FOR EXAMPLE: SODIUM PALMITATE
CH3(CH2)14COOH + NaOH
CH3(CH)14COONa + H2O
PALMITIC ACID SODIUM         
HYDROXIDE
SODIUM PALMITATE
SOAP
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69 videos|121 docs

FAQs on PPT - Soap and Detergent - Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

1. What are the key differences between soap and detergent?
Ans. Soap and detergent are both used for cleaning purposes, but they have some differences. Soap is made from natural fats and oils, while detergents are typically synthetic compounds. Soap is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, whereas some detergents may contain substances harmful to the environment. Additionally, soap is less effective in hard water, while detergents can still work well in hard water.
2. How do soaps and detergents remove dirt and oil from surfaces?
Ans. Soaps and detergents have the ability to remove dirt and oil due to their surfactant properties. Surfactants have a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail. When mixed with water, the hydrophilic heads surround the dirt or oil particles, while the hydrophobic tails stick to the oil or dirt. This allows the dirt or oil to be easily washed away when rinsed with water.
3. Are soaps and detergents equally effective in all water types?
Ans. Soaps and detergents perform differently in different water types. Soaps are less effective in hard water, which contains high levels of minerals such as calcium and magnesium. These minerals react with the soap, forming insoluble precipitates called soap scum. Detergents, on the other hand, can still work well in hard water as they do not react with the minerals.
4. Are there any environmental concerns associated with the production of soaps and detergents?
Ans. The production of soaps and detergents can have environmental concerns. Some detergents may contain phosphates, which can contribute to water pollution and harm aquatic life. However, there are also eco-friendly alternatives available, such as phosphate-free detergents and biodegradable soaps, which minimize the environmental impact.
5. Can soaps and detergents be used interchangeably for all cleaning purposes?
Ans. Soaps and detergents may not always be interchangeable for all cleaning purposes. Soaps are more suitable for personal care products, such as handwashing or bathing, as they are milder and less likely to cause skin irritation. Detergents, on the other hand, are often used for household cleaning and laundry, as they are more effective in removing tough stains and dirt.
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