NCERT Textbook - Web Services,Information & Computer Technology Class 9 | Information & Computer Technology (Class 9) - Notes & Video PDF Download

 Page 1


24
Information and Computer Technology
24
Chapter 2 
Web Services
Learning Objectives 
By the end of this chapter, learner will be able to:
• 	 Lis t	 v arious	 w eb	 ser vices.
• 	 De fine	 email.	
• 	 Under s t anding	 of	 pr ot oc ol	 used	 in	 email	 ser vices
• 	 De fine	 cha tting ,	 video	 c on f er encing.
• 	 Under s t anding	 of	 E	 learning ,	 E	 shopping	
• 	 De fine	 social	 ne tw orking.
IntroduCtIon
Everyone is using internet irrespective of their background & interest. The types of 
services available on net are as diverse as the interest of the people .Web Services mean 
the services provided by World Wide Web. The World Wide Web provides services like 
chatting, emailing, video conferencing, e-learning, e-shopping, e-reservation, e-groups and 
social networking. These services may mean different things to different people but in 
simple words, they are the ways to communicate and here the communication takes place 
between two electronic devices.
When two persons are talking to each other, we say they are chatting. Likewise when 
two computers (or two electronic devices) exchange data and information, we say two 
computers are e-chatting. They communicate with each other with the help of technology 
and programming standards used on Internet. 
Let us discuss the services provided by World Wide Web in detail in the following 
sections.
1. eleCtronIC MaIl or e MaIl
E-mail or Email is simply the short form of “electronic mail” . It is a system 
of receiving, sending, and storing electronic messages. An electronic 
message is text or a file prepared using software in computer and that 
travels through telephone lines from one computer to another. E-mail has 
Page 2


24
Information and Computer Technology
24
Chapter 2 
Web Services
Learning Objectives 
By the end of this chapter, learner will be able to:
• 	 Lis t	 v arious	 w eb	 ser vices.
• 	 De fine	 email.	
• 	 Under s t anding	 of	 pr ot oc ol	 used	 in	 email	 ser vices
• 	 De fine	 cha tting ,	 video	 c on f er encing.
• 	 Under s t anding	 of	 E	 learning ,	 E	 shopping	
• 	 De fine	 social	 ne tw orking.
IntroduCtIon
Everyone is using internet irrespective of their background & interest. The types of 
services available on net are as diverse as the interest of the people .Web Services mean 
the services provided by World Wide Web. The World Wide Web provides services like 
chatting, emailing, video conferencing, e-learning, e-shopping, e-reservation, e-groups and 
social networking. These services may mean different things to different people but in 
simple words, they are the ways to communicate and here the communication takes place 
between two electronic devices.
When two persons are talking to each other, we say they are chatting. Likewise when 
two computers (or two electronic devices) exchange data and information, we say two 
computers are e-chatting. They communicate with each other with the help of technology 
and programming standards used on Internet. 
Let us discuss the services provided by World Wide Web in detail in the following 
sections.
1. eleCtronIC MaIl or e MaIl
E-mail or Email is simply the short form of “electronic mail” . It is a system 
of receiving, sending, and storing electronic messages. An electronic 
message is text or a file prepared using software in computer and that 
travels through telephone lines from one computer to another. E-mail has 
25
Web Services
become a popular method of communication. Now, an e-mail is preferred for personal or 
business communication as compared to letter sent by traditional post. Electronic mail has 
gained universal popularity because a person from any age group and from any background 
can use it and the delivery of the message is instant. The speed is much higher than the 
speed of the traditional postal or the courier service.
1.1 How is e-mail service used?
Messages sent by electronic mail normally reach a recipient’s account within seconds. 
The message can include text, images and numerous types of formatted documents. These 
days, it is no longer necessary to be sitting in front of a PC to send or receive an email. 
A variety of mobile devices, such as tablet computers and smart phones make it possible 
to send the message via E-mail. The following diagram displays how an e-mail moves 
from the sender to the receiver.
Schematic diagram How E mail is transferred
1.2 Protocols used in e-mail Service
Users receive and send messages using standardized protocols that make it possible 
for emails to travel between computers. A protocol is a set of rules that are needed for 
communication. Let us say, one computer is using ‘a’ software, the other computer is using 
‘b’ software. Both of them want to communicate and exchange data. Computer ‘a’ will not 
be able to understand the message of computer ‘b’ and computer ‘b’ will not be able to 
understand the message of computer ‘a’ . here it becomes necessary that both the computers 
will agree upon standard set of rules to send or receive the message. Thus, standard or 
uniform protocols are needed so that different computers using different types of software 
can send or receive the information. 
There are three types of protocols used by e-mail service. One is Simple message transfer 
protocol (SMTP), second is Post Office Protocol and third is IMAP (Internet Message 
Page 3


24
Information and Computer Technology
24
Chapter 2 
Web Services
Learning Objectives 
By the end of this chapter, learner will be able to:
• 	 Lis t	 v arious	 w eb	 ser vices.
• 	 De fine	 email.	
• 	 Under s t anding	 of	 pr ot oc ol	 used	 in	 email	 ser vices
• 	 De fine	 cha tting ,	 video	 c on f er encing.
• 	 Under s t anding	 of	 E	 learning ,	 E	 shopping	
• 	 De fine	 social	 ne tw orking.
IntroduCtIon
Everyone is using internet irrespective of their background & interest. The types of 
services available on net are as diverse as the interest of the people .Web Services mean 
the services provided by World Wide Web. The World Wide Web provides services like 
chatting, emailing, video conferencing, e-learning, e-shopping, e-reservation, e-groups and 
social networking. These services may mean different things to different people but in 
simple words, they are the ways to communicate and here the communication takes place 
between two electronic devices.
When two persons are talking to each other, we say they are chatting. Likewise when 
two computers (or two electronic devices) exchange data and information, we say two 
computers are e-chatting. They communicate with each other with the help of technology 
and programming standards used on Internet. 
Let us discuss the services provided by World Wide Web in detail in the following 
sections.
1. eleCtronIC MaIl or e MaIl
E-mail or Email is simply the short form of “electronic mail” . It is a system 
of receiving, sending, and storing electronic messages. An electronic 
message is text or a file prepared using software in computer and that 
travels through telephone lines from one computer to another. E-mail has 
25
Web Services
become a popular method of communication. Now, an e-mail is preferred for personal or 
business communication as compared to letter sent by traditional post. Electronic mail has 
gained universal popularity because a person from any age group and from any background 
can use it and the delivery of the message is instant. The speed is much higher than the 
speed of the traditional postal or the courier service.
1.1 How is e-mail service used?
Messages sent by electronic mail normally reach a recipient’s account within seconds. 
The message can include text, images and numerous types of formatted documents. These 
days, it is no longer necessary to be sitting in front of a PC to send or receive an email. 
A variety of mobile devices, such as tablet computers and smart phones make it possible 
to send the message via E-mail. The following diagram displays how an e-mail moves 
from the sender to the receiver.
Schematic diagram How E mail is transferred
1.2 Protocols used in e-mail Service
Users receive and send messages using standardized protocols that make it possible 
for emails to travel between computers. A protocol is a set of rules that are needed for 
communication. Let us say, one computer is using ‘a’ software, the other computer is using 
‘b’ software. Both of them want to communicate and exchange data. Computer ‘a’ will not 
be able to understand the message of computer ‘b’ and computer ‘b’ will not be able to 
understand the message of computer ‘a’ . here it becomes necessary that both the computers 
will agree upon standard set of rules to send or receive the message. Thus, standard or 
uniform protocols are needed so that different computers using different types of software 
can send or receive the information. 
There are three types of protocols used by e-mail service. One is Simple message transfer 
protocol (SMTP), second is Post Office Protocol and third is IMAP (Internet Message 
26
Information and Computer Technology
Access Protocol). The Simple message transfer protocol (SMTP) enables the actual sending 
of messages. The Post Office Protocol and IAMP allows the users to retrieve information 
instantly.
When we want to send a message using e-mail service, there are three important things 
that are to be kept in mind. The first is the body of the message. The second is the address 
of the person(s) to whom you want to send the message. The third is the fields associated 
to e-mail message. Let us discuss them in detail.
Inbox(16)
Drafts
Sent
Spam (1)
Trash
FOLDERS
MESSENGER
APPLICATIONS
To
CC
BCC
Subject
INBOXCONTACTS CALENDAR New Message
Search Mail Search Web
Compose Cancel
×
Hide CC
Hide BCC
Message body
The body of the message may consist of words, number, attachments, special characters 
or anything you want to insert in the letter.
e-mail address
Let us look at the following example(s) to understand the e-mail address and its 
components.
Example:
editor@cbse.co.in 
editor@cbse.com
An e-mail address consists of four parts:
 1. The username
 2. The symbol
 3. The hostname
 4. The top level domain
Page 4


24
Information and Computer Technology
24
Chapter 2 
Web Services
Learning Objectives 
By the end of this chapter, learner will be able to:
• 	 Lis t	 v arious	 w eb	 ser vices.
• 	 De fine	 email.	
• 	 Under s t anding	 of	 pr ot oc ol	 used	 in	 email	 ser vices
• 	 De fine	 cha tting ,	 video	 c on f er encing.
• 	 Under s t anding	 of	 E	 learning ,	 E	 shopping	
• 	 De fine	 social	 ne tw orking.
IntroduCtIon
Everyone is using internet irrespective of their background & interest. The types of 
services available on net are as diverse as the interest of the people .Web Services mean 
the services provided by World Wide Web. The World Wide Web provides services like 
chatting, emailing, video conferencing, e-learning, e-shopping, e-reservation, e-groups and 
social networking. These services may mean different things to different people but in 
simple words, they are the ways to communicate and here the communication takes place 
between two electronic devices.
When two persons are talking to each other, we say they are chatting. Likewise when 
two computers (or two electronic devices) exchange data and information, we say two 
computers are e-chatting. They communicate with each other with the help of technology 
and programming standards used on Internet. 
Let us discuss the services provided by World Wide Web in detail in the following 
sections.
1. eleCtronIC MaIl or e MaIl
E-mail or Email is simply the short form of “electronic mail” . It is a system 
of receiving, sending, and storing electronic messages. An electronic 
message is text or a file prepared using software in computer and that 
travels through telephone lines from one computer to another. E-mail has 
25
Web Services
become a popular method of communication. Now, an e-mail is preferred for personal or 
business communication as compared to letter sent by traditional post. Electronic mail has 
gained universal popularity because a person from any age group and from any background 
can use it and the delivery of the message is instant. The speed is much higher than the 
speed of the traditional postal or the courier service.
1.1 How is e-mail service used?
Messages sent by electronic mail normally reach a recipient’s account within seconds. 
The message can include text, images and numerous types of formatted documents. These 
days, it is no longer necessary to be sitting in front of a PC to send or receive an email. 
A variety of mobile devices, such as tablet computers and smart phones make it possible 
to send the message via E-mail. The following diagram displays how an e-mail moves 
from the sender to the receiver.
Schematic diagram How E mail is transferred
1.2 Protocols used in e-mail Service
Users receive and send messages using standardized protocols that make it possible 
for emails to travel between computers. A protocol is a set of rules that are needed for 
communication. Let us say, one computer is using ‘a’ software, the other computer is using 
‘b’ software. Both of them want to communicate and exchange data. Computer ‘a’ will not 
be able to understand the message of computer ‘b’ and computer ‘b’ will not be able to 
understand the message of computer ‘a’ . here it becomes necessary that both the computers 
will agree upon standard set of rules to send or receive the message. Thus, standard or 
uniform protocols are needed so that different computers using different types of software 
can send or receive the information. 
There are three types of protocols used by e-mail service. One is Simple message transfer 
protocol (SMTP), second is Post Office Protocol and third is IMAP (Internet Message 
26
Information and Computer Technology
Access Protocol). The Simple message transfer protocol (SMTP) enables the actual sending 
of messages. The Post Office Protocol and IAMP allows the users to retrieve information 
instantly.
When we want to send a message using e-mail service, there are three important things 
that are to be kept in mind. The first is the body of the message. The second is the address 
of the person(s) to whom you want to send the message. The third is the fields associated 
to e-mail message. Let us discuss them in detail.
Inbox(16)
Drafts
Sent
Spam (1)
Trash
FOLDERS
MESSENGER
APPLICATIONS
To
CC
BCC
Subject
INBOXCONTACTS CALENDAR New Message
Search Mail Search Web
Compose Cancel
×
Hide CC
Hide BCC
Message body
The body of the message may consist of words, number, attachments, special characters 
or anything you want to insert in the letter.
e-mail address
Let us look at the following example(s) to understand the e-mail address and its 
components.
Example:
editor@cbse.co.in 
editor@cbse.com
An e-mail address consists of four parts:
 1. The username
 2. The symbol
 3. The hostname
 4. The top level domain
27
Web Services
 1 The username, here ‘editor’ which refers to the mailbox. The username is the name 
given by the user (the recipient) as per his/her choice, while preparing an e-mail 
address for him / her. While deciding a username, the recipient has to follow the 
naming conventions like use of underscore ( _ ) or a dot ( . ) as a separator between 
two words, minimum or maximum number of character to be maintained etc.
 2. The symbol, here ‘@’ . This symbol is pronounced as ‘at the rate’ and this remains 
same in every email address.
 3. The hostname, here ‘cbse’ . The hostname is also called the domain name. The 
domain name is the name of mail server whose representation appears in the client 
computer when he/she opens his/her inbox. This domain name is important to lead 
the message to the address of the mail server. The address is a unique IP address for 
easy identification on the Internet. 
 4. The top-level domain (TLD). The top-level domain may again get divided into two 
portions. Here “com” or “co” refers to commercial sites (the first portion) and “in” 
refers to India (the second portion). Thus, “co.in” together refers to commercial sites 
registered and residing in India. 
1.3 Field associated with an e mail Message:
An email client can be Outlook Express, Hotmail or Ymail. The email client may typically 
consist of four important fields. They are To:; Cc:; Bcc: and Subject:. 
To: field is used to write the email address of the person to whom the message is to be 
sent. 
Cc: field is optional and is used to send a message to multiple additional addresses.
Bcc: field is also optional and is used to send a message to multiple additional addresses. 
The difference between Cc and Bcc: field is decided in terms of visibility. The address in 
Bcc: field is termed as blind carbon copy, the addresses mentioned in this field are not 
visible to the recipients of the “To:” and the “Cc:” fields.
Subject: field is used to mention short title for what is included in the body of the 
message. 
2. CHat
The word chat as it literally means in English is communication between 
two or more people. The electronic chat is the communication between 
two or more individuals using their computers. Chat is only feasible when 
Page 5


24
Information and Computer Technology
24
Chapter 2 
Web Services
Learning Objectives 
By the end of this chapter, learner will be able to:
• 	 Lis t	 v arious	 w eb	 ser vices.
• 	 De fine	 email.	
• 	 Under s t anding	 of	 pr ot oc ol	 used	 in	 email	 ser vices
• 	 De fine	 cha tting ,	 video	 c on f er encing.
• 	 Under s t anding	 of	 E	 learning ,	 E	 shopping	
• 	 De fine	 social	 ne tw orking.
IntroduCtIon
Everyone is using internet irrespective of their background & interest. The types of 
services available on net are as diverse as the interest of the people .Web Services mean 
the services provided by World Wide Web. The World Wide Web provides services like 
chatting, emailing, video conferencing, e-learning, e-shopping, e-reservation, e-groups and 
social networking. These services may mean different things to different people but in 
simple words, they are the ways to communicate and here the communication takes place 
between two electronic devices.
When two persons are talking to each other, we say they are chatting. Likewise when 
two computers (or two electronic devices) exchange data and information, we say two 
computers are e-chatting. They communicate with each other with the help of technology 
and programming standards used on Internet. 
Let us discuss the services provided by World Wide Web in detail in the following 
sections.
1. eleCtronIC MaIl or e MaIl
E-mail or Email is simply the short form of “electronic mail” . It is a system 
of receiving, sending, and storing electronic messages. An electronic 
message is text or a file prepared using software in computer and that 
travels through telephone lines from one computer to another. E-mail has 
25
Web Services
become a popular method of communication. Now, an e-mail is preferred for personal or 
business communication as compared to letter sent by traditional post. Electronic mail has 
gained universal popularity because a person from any age group and from any background 
can use it and the delivery of the message is instant. The speed is much higher than the 
speed of the traditional postal or the courier service.
1.1 How is e-mail service used?
Messages sent by electronic mail normally reach a recipient’s account within seconds. 
The message can include text, images and numerous types of formatted documents. These 
days, it is no longer necessary to be sitting in front of a PC to send or receive an email. 
A variety of mobile devices, such as tablet computers and smart phones make it possible 
to send the message via E-mail. The following diagram displays how an e-mail moves 
from the sender to the receiver.
Schematic diagram How E mail is transferred
1.2 Protocols used in e-mail Service
Users receive and send messages using standardized protocols that make it possible 
for emails to travel between computers. A protocol is a set of rules that are needed for 
communication. Let us say, one computer is using ‘a’ software, the other computer is using 
‘b’ software. Both of them want to communicate and exchange data. Computer ‘a’ will not 
be able to understand the message of computer ‘b’ and computer ‘b’ will not be able to 
understand the message of computer ‘a’ . here it becomes necessary that both the computers 
will agree upon standard set of rules to send or receive the message. Thus, standard or 
uniform protocols are needed so that different computers using different types of software 
can send or receive the information. 
There are three types of protocols used by e-mail service. One is Simple message transfer 
protocol (SMTP), second is Post Office Protocol and third is IMAP (Internet Message 
26
Information and Computer Technology
Access Protocol). The Simple message transfer protocol (SMTP) enables the actual sending 
of messages. The Post Office Protocol and IAMP allows the users to retrieve information 
instantly.
When we want to send a message using e-mail service, there are three important things 
that are to be kept in mind. The first is the body of the message. The second is the address 
of the person(s) to whom you want to send the message. The third is the fields associated 
to e-mail message. Let us discuss them in detail.
Inbox(16)
Drafts
Sent
Spam (1)
Trash
FOLDERS
MESSENGER
APPLICATIONS
To
CC
BCC
Subject
INBOXCONTACTS CALENDAR New Message
Search Mail Search Web
Compose Cancel
×
Hide CC
Hide BCC
Message body
The body of the message may consist of words, number, attachments, special characters 
or anything you want to insert in the letter.
e-mail address
Let us look at the following example(s) to understand the e-mail address and its 
components.
Example:
editor@cbse.co.in 
editor@cbse.com
An e-mail address consists of four parts:
 1. The username
 2. The symbol
 3. The hostname
 4. The top level domain
27
Web Services
 1 The username, here ‘editor’ which refers to the mailbox. The username is the name 
given by the user (the recipient) as per his/her choice, while preparing an e-mail 
address for him / her. While deciding a username, the recipient has to follow the 
naming conventions like use of underscore ( _ ) or a dot ( . ) as a separator between 
two words, minimum or maximum number of character to be maintained etc.
 2. The symbol, here ‘@’ . This symbol is pronounced as ‘at the rate’ and this remains 
same in every email address.
 3. The hostname, here ‘cbse’ . The hostname is also called the domain name. The 
domain name is the name of mail server whose representation appears in the client 
computer when he/she opens his/her inbox. This domain name is important to lead 
the message to the address of the mail server. The address is a unique IP address for 
easy identification on the Internet. 
 4. The top-level domain (TLD). The top-level domain may again get divided into two 
portions. Here “com” or “co” refers to commercial sites (the first portion) and “in” 
refers to India (the second portion). Thus, “co.in” together refers to commercial sites 
registered and residing in India. 
1.3 Field associated with an e mail Message:
An email client can be Outlook Express, Hotmail or Ymail. The email client may typically 
consist of four important fields. They are To:; Cc:; Bcc: and Subject:. 
To: field is used to write the email address of the person to whom the message is to be 
sent. 
Cc: field is optional and is used to send a message to multiple additional addresses.
Bcc: field is also optional and is used to send a message to multiple additional addresses. 
The difference between Cc and Bcc: field is decided in terms of visibility. The address in 
Bcc: field is termed as blind carbon copy, the addresses mentioned in this field are not 
visible to the recipients of the “To:” and the “Cc:” fields.
Subject: field is used to mention short title for what is included in the body of the 
message. 
2. CHat
The word chat as it literally means in English is communication between 
two or more people. The electronic chat is the communication between 
two or more individuals using their computers. Chat is only feasible when 
28
Information and Computer Technology
both the users are on Internet at the same time. The communication occurs through typed 
text messages. Usually, this “talking” is the exchange of typed-in messages requiring one 
site as the repository for the messages (or “chat site”) and a group of users who take part 
from anywhere on the Internet. 
The group chats can be ongoing or scheduled for a particular time and duration. Most 
chats are focused on a particular topic of interest and some involve guest experts or famous 
people who “talk” to anyone joining the chat. Alternatively two users can chat when they 
are using the Internet and the platform at the same time. 
Several browser interfaces provide the chat facility these days such as Instant messaging, 
Windows, Skype and ICQ. With the invent of 3G technology not only text data but video 
data can also be streamlined at the same time
3. vIdeo ConFerenCIng
The video conferencing is a conference between two or more people sitting at various 
remote locations around the world. They can talk to each other when they are connected 
to each other using Internet. Thus, they are able to transmit both the video and audio 
data.
In video conferencing, several computer networks relay the information through the 
Internet. Each of the end user has a camera known as Webcam as well microphone to 
capture the video data and the voice data in real time and this is transmitted over Internet. 
The participants can view each other over their monitors as well as hear the voice data over 
speakers of their laptop or desktop computers. These days equipment such as smart phones 
and tablets has the capability of capturing the video data as well voice data. Therefore, 
it is possible to conduct video conferencing from any part of the world not necessarily 
connected to Internet through wires.