Class 9 Exam  >  Class 9 Notes  >  विज्ञान (कक्षा 9) - नोट्स, वीडियोस तथा सैंपल पेपर्स  >  NCERT पाठ्यपुस्तक पाठ 14 - प्राकृतिक संपदा, कक्षा 9, विज्ञान

NCERT पाठ्यपुस्तक पाठ 14 - प्राकृतिक संपदा, कक्षा 9, विज्ञान | विज्ञान (कक्षा 9) - नोट्स, वीडियोस तथा सैंपल पेपर्स - Class 9 PDF Download

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 Page 1


ge tkurs gSa fd gekjh Ik`Foh gh ,d ,slk xzg gS tgk¡
thou fo|eku gSA i`Foh ij thou cgqr lkjs dkjdksa
ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ge ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd thou osQ
fy, ifjos'k rki] ty rFkk Hkkstu dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA Ik`Foh ij miyCèk lHkh izdkj osQ thoksa dh
ewy vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, lw;Z ls ÅtkZ rFkk
Ik`Foh ij miyCèk laink dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
Ik`Foh ij ;s laink dkSu&dkSu lh gSa\
;s LFky] ty ,oa ok;q gSaA Ik`Foh oQh lcls ckgjh ijr
dks LFkyeaMy dgrs gSaA Ik`Foh osQ 75 izfr'kr Hkkx ij
ty gSA ;g Hkwfexr ty osQ :Ik esa Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA
bu lHkh dks tyeaMy dgrs gaSA ok;q tks iwjh Ik`Foh
dks oaQcy osQ leku <osQ jgrh gS] mls ok;qeaMy
dgrs gSaA thfor inkFkZ ogha ik, tkrs gSa tgk¡ ;s rhuksa
vo;o fLFkr gksrs gSaA thou dks vkJ; nsus okyk
Ik`Foh dk ;g ?ksjk tgk¡ ok;qeaMy] LFkyeaMy rFkk
tyeaMYk ,d&nwljs ls feydj thou dks laHko
cukrs gSa mls thoeaMy osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
ltho] thoeaMy osQ tSfod ?kVd dks cukrs gSaA
ok;q] ty vkSj e`nk thoeaMy osQ futhZo ?kVd gSaA
vkb, vc bu vtSo ?kVdksa tks Ik`Foh ij thou osQ
laiw"k.k osQ fy, vko';d gSa] mudh Hkwfedk oQk
foLr`r vè;;u djrs gSaA
14.1thou dh 'okl% ok;q
ge igys vè;k; esa ok;q osQ ?kVdksa osQ fo"k; esa Ik<+
pqosQ gSaA ;g cgqr&lh xSlksa_ tSlsµukbVªkstu] vkWDlhtu]
dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM rFkk tyok"Ik dk feJ.k gSA ;g
tkuuk #fpdj gS fd Ik`Foh ij thou ok;q osQ ?kVdksa
dk ifj.kke gSA 'kqØ rFkk eaxy tSls xzgksa tgk¡ dksbZ
thou ugha gS] ok;qeaMy dk eq[; ?kVd dkcZu
MkbvkWDlkbM gSA okLro esa 'kqØ rFkk eaxy xzgksa osQ
ok;qeaMy esa 95 ls 97 izfr'kr rd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM
gSA
;woSQfj;kssfVd dksf'kdkvksa vkSj cgqr&lh izkssoSQfj;ksfVd
dksf'kdkvksa dks Xywdksl v.kqvksa dks rksM+us rFkk mlls
ÅtkZ izkIr djus osQ fy, vkWDlhtu dh vko';drk
gksrh gS tSlk fd ge vè;k; 5 esa Ik<+ pqosQ gSaA blosQ
ifj.kkeLo:Ik dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dh mRifÙk gksrh
gSA nwljh çfØ;k] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:Ik vkWDlhtu dh
[kir gksrh gS vkSj dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk mRiknu
gksrk gS] ngu dh fØ;k gSA blesa osQoy euq"; osQ os
fØ;kdyki gh ugha tks ÅtkZ izkIr djus osQ fy, b±èku
dks tykrs gSa cfYd taxyksa esa yxh vkx Hkh vkrh gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr] gekjs ok;qeaMy esa dkcZu
MkbvkWDlkbM dh ek=kk 1 izfr'kr dk ,d NksVk&lk
Hkkx gS D;ksafd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM nks fofèk;ksa ls
^fLFkj* gksrh gS% (i) gjs isM+ ikSèks lw;Z dh fdj.kksa dh
mifLFkfr esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dks Xywdksl esa
cny nsrs gSa rFkk (ii) cgqr&ls leqæh tarq leqnzh ty
esa ?kqys dkcksZusV ls vius dop cukrs gSaA
14.1.1tyok;q osQ fu;a=k.k esa ok;qeaMYk dh
Hkwfedk
ge tku pqosQ gSa fd ok;qeaMy Ik`Foh dks oaQcy osQ
leku <osQ gq, gSA ge tkurs gSa fd ok;q Å"ek dk
vè;k; 14
izko`Qfrd laink
(Natural Resources)
Page 2


ge tkurs gSa fd gekjh Ik`Foh gh ,d ,slk xzg gS tgk¡
thou fo|eku gSA i`Foh ij thou cgqr lkjs dkjdksa
ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ge ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd thou osQ
fy, ifjos'k rki] ty rFkk Hkkstu dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA Ik`Foh ij miyCèk lHkh izdkj osQ thoksa dh
ewy vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, lw;Z ls ÅtkZ rFkk
Ik`Foh ij miyCèk laink dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
Ik`Foh ij ;s laink dkSu&dkSu lh gSa\
;s LFky] ty ,oa ok;q gSaA Ik`Foh oQh lcls ckgjh ijr
dks LFkyeaMy dgrs gSaA Ik`Foh osQ 75 izfr'kr Hkkx ij
ty gSA ;g Hkwfexr ty osQ :Ik esa Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA
bu lHkh dks tyeaMy dgrs gaSA ok;q tks iwjh Ik`Foh
dks oaQcy osQ leku <osQ jgrh gS] mls ok;qeaMy
dgrs gSaA thfor inkFkZ ogha ik, tkrs gSa tgk¡ ;s rhuksa
vo;o fLFkr gksrs gSaA thou dks vkJ; nsus okyk
Ik`Foh dk ;g ?ksjk tgk¡ ok;qeaMy] LFkyeaMy rFkk
tyeaMYk ,d&nwljs ls feydj thou dks laHko
cukrs gSa mls thoeaMy osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
ltho] thoeaMy osQ tSfod ?kVd dks cukrs gSaA
ok;q] ty vkSj e`nk thoeaMy osQ futhZo ?kVd gSaA
vkb, vc bu vtSo ?kVdksa tks Ik`Foh ij thou osQ
laiw"k.k osQ fy, vko';d gSa] mudh Hkwfedk oQk
foLr`r vè;;u djrs gSaA
14.1thou dh 'okl% ok;q
ge igys vè;k; esa ok;q osQ ?kVdksa osQ fo"k; esa Ik<+
pqosQ gSaA ;g cgqr&lh xSlksa_ tSlsµukbVªkstu] vkWDlhtu]
dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM rFkk tyok"Ik dk feJ.k gSA ;g
tkuuk #fpdj gS fd Ik`Foh ij thou ok;q osQ ?kVdksa
dk ifj.kke gSA 'kqØ rFkk eaxy tSls xzgksa tgk¡ dksbZ
thou ugha gS] ok;qeaMy dk eq[; ?kVd dkcZu
MkbvkWDlkbM gSA okLro esa 'kqØ rFkk eaxy xzgksa osQ
ok;qeaMy esa 95 ls 97 izfr'kr rd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM
gSA
;woSQfj;kssfVd dksf'kdkvksa vkSj cgqr&lh izkssoSQfj;ksfVd
dksf'kdkvksa dks Xywdksl v.kqvksa dks rksM+us rFkk mlls
ÅtkZ izkIr djus osQ fy, vkWDlhtu dh vko';drk
gksrh gS tSlk fd ge vè;k; 5 esa Ik<+ pqosQ gSaA blosQ
ifj.kkeLo:Ik dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dh mRifÙk gksrh
gSA nwljh çfØ;k] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:Ik vkWDlhtu dh
[kir gksrh gS vkSj dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk mRiknu
gksrk gS] ngu dh fØ;k gSA blesa osQoy euq"; osQ os
fØ;kdyki gh ugha tks ÅtkZ izkIr djus osQ fy, b±èku
dks tykrs gSa cfYd taxyksa esa yxh vkx Hkh vkrh gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr] gekjs ok;qeaMy esa dkcZu
MkbvkWDlkbM dh ek=kk 1 izfr'kr dk ,d NksVk&lk
Hkkx gS D;ksafd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM nks fofèk;ksa ls
^fLFkj* gksrh gS% (i) gjs isM+ ikSèks lw;Z dh fdj.kksa dh
mifLFkfr esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dks Xywdksl esa
cny nsrs gSa rFkk (ii) cgqr&ls leqæh tarq leqnzh ty
esa ?kqys dkcksZusV ls vius dop cukrs gSaA
14.1.1tyok;q osQ fu;a=k.k esa ok;qeaMYk dh
Hkwfedk
ge tku pqosQ gSa fd ok;qeaMy Ik`Foh dks oaQcy osQ
leku <osQ gq, gSA ge tkurs gSa fd ok;q Å"ek dk
vè;k; 14
izko`Qfrd laink
(Natural Resources)
foKku
214
ckjs esa D;k lksprs gSa\ D;k ge vius vuqeku dh
lR;rk osQ fy, ,d iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa\
14.1.2 ok;q dh xfr% iousa
ge fnuHkj dh xehZ osQ ckn 'kke dks cgus okys BaMs
lehj ls jkgr eglwl djrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh dbZ
fnuksa rd vf/d xeZ ekSle osQ i'pkr~ o"kkZ gksrh gSA
ok;q oQh xfr dk D;k dkj.k gS vkSj os dkSu&ls
dkjd gSa tks mUgsa dHkh lehj] dHkh rs”k gok ;k
dHkh rwi
+
Qku osQ :Ik esa xfr iznku djrs gSa\ o"kkZ dk
D;k dkj.k gS\
 ;s lHkh izfØ;k,¡ gekjs ok;qeaMy esa gok osQ
xeZ gksus vkSj tyok"i osQ cuus dk ifj.kke gSaA
tyok"Ik thfor izkf.k;ksa osQ fØ;kdykiksa vkSj ty
osQ xeZ gksus osQ dkj.k curh gSA LFkyh; Hkkx ;k
tyh; Hkkx ls gksus okys fofdj.k osQ ijkorZu rFkk
iqu£ofdj.k osQ dkj.k ok;qeaMy xeZ gksrk gSA xeZ
gksus ij] ok;q esa laogu èkkjk,¡ mRiUu gksrh gSaA
laogu èkkjkvksa dh izÑfr dks tkuus osQ fy, vkb,
fuEufyf[kr fØ;kdyki djsaA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..222
• ,d eksecÙkh dks pkSM+s eq¡g okyh cksry esa ;k
chdj esa j[ksa vkSj mls tyk,¡A ,d vxjcÙkh dks
tyk,¡ vkSj mls cksry osQ eq¡g osQ lehi ys tk,¡
(fp=k 14-1)A
• tc vxjcÙkh dks eq¡g osQ fdukjs ij ys tk;k
tkrk gS rc voyksdu djsa fd èkqvk¡ fdl vksj
tkrk gS\
• tc vxjcÙkh dks eksecÙkh osQ FkksM+k Åij j[kk
tkrk gS rc èkqvk¡ fdl vksj tkrk gS\
• nwljs Hkkxksa esa tc vxjcÙkh dks j[kk tkrk gS rks
èkqvk¡ fdl vksj tkrk gS\
oqQpkyd gSA ok;qeaMYk Ik`Foh osQ vkSlr rkieku dks
fnu osQ le; vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd iwjs o"kZHkj yxHkx
fu;r j[krk gSA ok;qeaMy fnu esa rkieku dks vpkud
c<+us ls jksdrk gS vkSj jkr osQ le; Å"ek dks ckgjh
varfj{k esa tkus dh nj dks de djrk gSA panzek osQ
ckjs esa lkspas tks lw;Z ls yxHkx mruh gh nwjh ij gS
ftruk fd Ik`Foh A blosQ ckotwn panzek dh lrg]
tgk¡ ok;qeaMy ugha gS] ij rkieku –190°C ls
110°C osQ eè; jgrk gSA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..1 11
• fuEufyf[kr oQk rki ekfi,%
(i) ty ls Hkjk ,d chdj, (ii) e`nk ;k ckyw ls
Hkjk ,d chdj vkSj  (iii) ,d can cksry ysa]
ftlesa FkekZehVj yxk gksA bu lHkh dks lw;Z osQ
izdk'k esa rhu ?kaVs rd j[ksaA vc rhuksa crZuksa osQ
rkieku dh eki djsaA mlh le; Nk;k esa Hkh
rkieku dks ns[ksaA
vc mÙkj nsa
1. (i) ;k (ii) esa ls fdlesa rkieku dh eki
vfèkd gS\
2. izkIr fu"d"kZ osQ vkèkkj ij dkSu lcls igys
xeZ gksxk & LFky ;k leqnz\
3. D;k Nk;k esa ok;q osQ rkieku ckyw rFkk ty
osQ rkieku osQ leku gksxk\ vki blosQ
dkj.k osQ ckjs esa D;k lksprs gSa\ vkSj rkieku
dks Nk;k esa D;ksa ekik tkrk gS\
4. D;k can cksry ;k 'kh'ks osQ crZu esa fy;k x;k
gok dk rkieku vkSj [kqys esa fy;k x;k gok
dk rkieku leku gS\ blosQ dkj.k osQ ckjs esa
vki D;k lksprs gSa\ D;k ge izk;% bl rjg
dh ?kVukvksa ls voxr gksrs gSa\
tSlk fd geus ns[kk ckyw rFkk ty ,dleku nj
ls xeZ ugha gksrs gSaA vki muosQ BaMk gksus dh nj osQ
Page 3


ge tkurs gSa fd gekjh Ik`Foh gh ,d ,slk xzg gS tgk¡
thou fo|eku gSA i`Foh ij thou cgqr lkjs dkjdksa
ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ge ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd thou osQ
fy, ifjos'k rki] ty rFkk Hkkstu dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA Ik`Foh ij miyCèk lHkh izdkj osQ thoksa dh
ewy vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, lw;Z ls ÅtkZ rFkk
Ik`Foh ij miyCèk laink dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
Ik`Foh ij ;s laink dkSu&dkSu lh gSa\
;s LFky] ty ,oa ok;q gSaA Ik`Foh oQh lcls ckgjh ijr
dks LFkyeaMy dgrs gSaA Ik`Foh osQ 75 izfr'kr Hkkx ij
ty gSA ;g Hkwfexr ty osQ :Ik esa Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA
bu lHkh dks tyeaMy dgrs gaSA ok;q tks iwjh Ik`Foh
dks oaQcy osQ leku <osQ jgrh gS] mls ok;qeaMy
dgrs gSaA thfor inkFkZ ogha ik, tkrs gSa tgk¡ ;s rhuksa
vo;o fLFkr gksrs gSaA thou dks vkJ; nsus okyk
Ik`Foh dk ;g ?ksjk tgk¡ ok;qeaMy] LFkyeaMy rFkk
tyeaMYk ,d&nwljs ls feydj thou dks laHko
cukrs gSa mls thoeaMy osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
ltho] thoeaMy osQ tSfod ?kVd dks cukrs gSaA
ok;q] ty vkSj e`nk thoeaMy osQ futhZo ?kVd gSaA
vkb, vc bu vtSo ?kVdksa tks Ik`Foh ij thou osQ
laiw"k.k osQ fy, vko';d gSa] mudh Hkwfedk oQk
foLr`r vè;;u djrs gSaA
14.1thou dh 'okl% ok;q
ge igys vè;k; esa ok;q osQ ?kVdksa osQ fo"k; esa Ik<+
pqosQ gSaA ;g cgqr&lh xSlksa_ tSlsµukbVªkstu] vkWDlhtu]
dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM rFkk tyok"Ik dk feJ.k gSA ;g
tkuuk #fpdj gS fd Ik`Foh ij thou ok;q osQ ?kVdksa
dk ifj.kke gSA 'kqØ rFkk eaxy tSls xzgksa tgk¡ dksbZ
thou ugha gS] ok;qeaMy dk eq[; ?kVd dkcZu
MkbvkWDlkbM gSA okLro esa 'kqØ rFkk eaxy xzgksa osQ
ok;qeaMy esa 95 ls 97 izfr'kr rd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM
gSA
;woSQfj;kssfVd dksf'kdkvksa vkSj cgqr&lh izkssoSQfj;ksfVd
dksf'kdkvksa dks Xywdksl v.kqvksa dks rksM+us rFkk mlls
ÅtkZ izkIr djus osQ fy, vkWDlhtu dh vko';drk
gksrh gS tSlk fd ge vè;k; 5 esa Ik<+ pqosQ gSaA blosQ
ifj.kkeLo:Ik dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dh mRifÙk gksrh
gSA nwljh çfØ;k] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:Ik vkWDlhtu dh
[kir gksrh gS vkSj dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk mRiknu
gksrk gS] ngu dh fØ;k gSA blesa osQoy euq"; osQ os
fØ;kdyki gh ugha tks ÅtkZ izkIr djus osQ fy, b±èku
dks tykrs gSa cfYd taxyksa esa yxh vkx Hkh vkrh gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr] gekjs ok;qeaMy esa dkcZu
MkbvkWDlkbM dh ek=kk 1 izfr'kr dk ,d NksVk&lk
Hkkx gS D;ksafd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM nks fofèk;ksa ls
^fLFkj* gksrh gS% (i) gjs isM+ ikSèks lw;Z dh fdj.kksa dh
mifLFkfr esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dks Xywdksl esa
cny nsrs gSa rFkk (ii) cgqr&ls leqæh tarq leqnzh ty
esa ?kqys dkcksZusV ls vius dop cukrs gSaA
14.1.1tyok;q osQ fu;a=k.k esa ok;qeaMYk dh
Hkwfedk
ge tku pqosQ gSa fd ok;qeaMy Ik`Foh dks oaQcy osQ
leku <osQ gq, gSA ge tkurs gSa fd ok;q Å"ek dk
vè;k; 14
izko`Qfrd laink
(Natural Resources)
foKku
214
ckjs esa D;k lksprs gSa\ D;k ge vius vuqeku dh
lR;rk osQ fy, ,d iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa\
14.1.2 ok;q dh xfr% iousa
ge fnuHkj dh xehZ osQ ckn 'kke dks cgus okys BaMs
lehj ls jkgr eglwl djrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh dbZ
fnuksa rd vf/d xeZ ekSle osQ i'pkr~ o"kkZ gksrh gSA
ok;q oQh xfr dk D;k dkj.k gS vkSj os dkSu&ls
dkjd gSa tks mUgsa dHkh lehj] dHkh rs”k gok ;k
dHkh rwi
+
Qku osQ :Ik esa xfr iznku djrs gSa\ o"kkZ dk
D;k dkj.k gS\
 ;s lHkh izfØ;k,¡ gekjs ok;qeaMy esa gok osQ
xeZ gksus vkSj tyok"i osQ cuus dk ifj.kke gSaA
tyok"Ik thfor izkf.k;ksa osQ fØ;kdykiksa vkSj ty
osQ xeZ gksus osQ dkj.k curh gSA LFkyh; Hkkx ;k
tyh; Hkkx ls gksus okys fofdj.k osQ ijkorZu rFkk
iqu£ofdj.k osQ dkj.k ok;qeaMy xeZ gksrk gSA xeZ
gksus ij] ok;q esa laogu èkkjk,¡ mRiUu gksrh gSaA
laogu èkkjkvksa dh izÑfr dks tkuus osQ fy, vkb,
fuEufyf[kr fØ;kdyki djsaA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..222
• ,d eksecÙkh dks pkSM+s eq¡g okyh cksry esa ;k
chdj esa j[ksa vkSj mls tyk,¡A ,d vxjcÙkh dks
tyk,¡ vkSj mls cksry osQ eq¡g osQ lehi ys tk,¡
(fp=k 14-1)A
• tc vxjcÙkh dks eq¡g osQ fdukjs ij ys tk;k
tkrk gS rc voyksdu djsa fd èkqvk¡ fdl vksj
tkrk gS\
• tc vxjcÙkh dks eksecÙkh osQ FkksM+k Åij j[kk
tkrk gS rc èkqvk¡ fdl vksj tkrk gS\
• nwljs Hkkxksa esa tc vxjcÙkh dks j[kk tkrk gS rks
èkqvk¡ fdl vksj tkrk gS\
oqQpkyd gSA ok;qeaMYk Ik`Foh osQ vkSlr rkieku dks
fnu osQ le; vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd iwjs o"kZHkj yxHkx
fu;r j[krk gSA ok;qeaMy fnu esa rkieku dks vpkud
c<+us ls jksdrk gS vkSj jkr osQ le; Å"ek dks ckgjh
varfj{k esa tkus dh nj dks de djrk gSA panzek osQ
ckjs esa lkspas tks lw;Z ls yxHkx mruh gh nwjh ij gS
ftruk fd Ik`Foh A blosQ ckotwn panzek dh lrg]
tgk¡ ok;qeaMy ugha gS] ij rkieku –190°C ls
110°C osQ eè; jgrk gSA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..1 11
• fuEufyf[kr oQk rki ekfi,%
(i) ty ls Hkjk ,d chdj, (ii) e`nk ;k ckyw ls
Hkjk ,d chdj vkSj  (iii) ,d can cksry ysa]
ftlesa FkekZehVj yxk gksA bu lHkh dks lw;Z osQ
izdk'k esa rhu ?kaVs rd j[ksaA vc rhuksa crZuksa osQ
rkieku dh eki djsaA mlh le; Nk;k esa Hkh
rkieku dks ns[ksaA
vc mÙkj nsa
1. (i) ;k (ii) esa ls fdlesa rkieku dh eki
vfèkd gS\
2. izkIr fu"d"kZ osQ vkèkkj ij dkSu lcls igys
xeZ gksxk & LFky ;k leqnz\
3. D;k Nk;k esa ok;q osQ rkieku ckyw rFkk ty
osQ rkieku osQ leku gksxk\ vki blosQ
dkj.k osQ ckjs esa D;k lksprs gSa\ vkSj rkieku
dks Nk;k esa D;ksa ekik tkrk gS\
4. D;k can cksry ;k 'kh'ks osQ crZu esa fy;k x;k
gok dk rkieku vkSj [kqys esa fy;k x;k gok
dk rkieku leku gS\ blosQ dkj.k osQ ckjs esa
vki D;k lksprs gSa\ D;k ge izk;% bl rjg
dh ?kVukvksa ls voxr gksrs gSa\
tSlk fd geus ns[kk ckyw rFkk ty ,dleku nj
ls xeZ ugha gksrs gSaA vki muosQ BaMk gksus dh nj osQ
izko`Qfrd laink
215
èkq,¡ }kjk viuk;k x;k iSVuZ gesa crkrk gS fd
fdl fn'kk esa xeZ vkSj BaMh gok,¡ cgrh gSaA blh
izdkj tc ok;q LFky vkSj ty osQ fofdj.k osQ
dkj.k xeZ gksrh gS rc ;g mQij dh vksj izokg
djrh gSA pw¡fd] ty dh vis{kk LFky tYnh xeZ
gksrk gS blfy, LFky osQ mQij dh ok;q ty osQ
mQij dh ok;q osQ vis{kk rs”kh ls xeZ gksxhA
blfy, vxj ge rVh; {ks=kksa oQks fnu esa ns[krs
gSa rks ikrs gSa fd LFky osQ mQij dh ok;q rs”kh ls xeZ
gksdj Åij mBuk 'kq: djrh gSA tSls gh ;g ok;q
mQij dh vksj mBrh gS] ogk¡ de nkc dk {ks=k cu
tkrk gS vkSj leqnz osQ Åij dh ok;q de nkc okys
{ks=k dh vksj izokfgr gks tkrh gSA ,d {ks=k ls nwljs
{ks=k esa ok;q dh xfr Ikouksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA fnu
osQ le; gok dh fn'kk leqnz ls LFky dh vksj
gksxhA
 jkr osQ le; LFky vkSj leqnz nksuksa BaMs gksus
yxrs gSaA p¡wfd LFky dh vis{kk ty èkhjs&èkhjs BaMk
gksrk gS blfy, ty osQ mQij dh ok;q LFky osQ
mQij dh ok;q ls xeZ gksxhA mQij nh xbZ ifjppkZ osQ
vkèkkj ij vki fuEu ds fo"k; esa D;k dg ldrs gSa%
1. rVh; {ks=kksa ij de rFkk mPp nkc osQ {ks=k
jkr esa izrhr gksrs gSa\
2. rVh; {ks=kksa esa jkr osQ le; ok;q dh fn'kk
D;k gksxh\
blh izdkj] gok dh lHkh xfr;k¡ fofHkUu
ok;qeaMyh; izfØ;kvksa dk ifj.kke gS tks  i`Foh osQ
ok;qeaMy osQ vleku fof/;ksas ls xeZ gksus osQ dkj.k
gksrk gSA ysfdu bu gokvksa dks cgqr&ls vU; dkjd
Hkh izHkkfor djrs gSa tSls Ik`Foh dh ?kw.kZu xfr rFkk
iou osQ ekxZ esa vkus okyh ioZr  Ük`az[kyk,¡A ge bu
dkjdkas osQ ckjs esa bl vè;k; esa foLr`r vè;;u
ugha djsaxsA ysfdu blosQ ckjs esa lksprs gSa% oSQls
fgeky; dh mifLFkfr ls bykgkckn ls mÙkj dh
vksj izokfgr gksus okyh ok;q dh fn'kk ifjofrZr gks
tkrh gS\
14.1.3o"kkZ
vkb, ge bl iz'u ij fopkj djsa fd ckny oSQls
curs gSa vkSj o"kkZ djrs gSaA ge blosQ fy, ,d
lkèkkj.k iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa ftlls Kkr gks losQ fd
oqQN dkjd tyok;q dks oSQls izHkkfor djrs gaSA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..3 33
• ,d Ikrys IykfLVd dh cksry ysaA blesa 5 ls
10 mL ty ysa rFkk cksry dks dl dj can
djsaA bls vPNh rjg fgyk,¡ rFkk 10 feuV rd
èkwi esa j[ksaA blls cksry esa ekStwn ok;q tyok"Ik
ls lar`Ir gks tkrh gSA
• vc ,d tyh gqbZ vxjcÙkh ysaA cksry osQ
<Ddu dks [kksysa vkSj vxjcÙkh osQ èkq,¡ dh
oqQN ek=kk dks cksry osQ vanj tkus nsaA iqu%
cksry dks dl dj can djsaA cksry dks vius
gFksfy;ksa osQ chp esa j[kdj ftruk ”kksj ls gks
losQ nck,¡A oqQN le; rd Ikzrh{kk djsa vkSj
cksry dks NksM+ nsaA ,d ckj iqu% cksry dks vki
ftruk ”kksj ls laHko gks ldrk gS nck,¡A
vc mÙkj nsa
1. vkius dc ns[kk fd cksry osQ vanj fLFkr
gok oqQgjs dh Hkk¡fr gks tkrh gS\
fp=k  14.1: ok;q osQ vleku rkiu ls ok;qizokg
Page 4


ge tkurs gSa fd gekjh Ik`Foh gh ,d ,slk xzg gS tgk¡
thou fo|eku gSA i`Foh ij thou cgqr lkjs dkjdksa
ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ge ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd thou osQ
fy, ifjos'k rki] ty rFkk Hkkstu dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA Ik`Foh ij miyCèk lHkh izdkj osQ thoksa dh
ewy vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, lw;Z ls ÅtkZ rFkk
Ik`Foh ij miyCèk laink dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
Ik`Foh ij ;s laink dkSu&dkSu lh gSa\
;s LFky] ty ,oa ok;q gSaA Ik`Foh oQh lcls ckgjh ijr
dks LFkyeaMy dgrs gSaA Ik`Foh osQ 75 izfr'kr Hkkx ij
ty gSA ;g Hkwfexr ty osQ :Ik esa Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA
bu lHkh dks tyeaMy dgrs gaSA ok;q tks iwjh Ik`Foh
dks oaQcy osQ leku <osQ jgrh gS] mls ok;qeaMy
dgrs gSaA thfor inkFkZ ogha ik, tkrs gSa tgk¡ ;s rhuksa
vo;o fLFkr gksrs gSaA thou dks vkJ; nsus okyk
Ik`Foh dk ;g ?ksjk tgk¡ ok;qeaMy] LFkyeaMy rFkk
tyeaMYk ,d&nwljs ls feydj thou dks laHko
cukrs gSa mls thoeaMy osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
ltho] thoeaMy osQ tSfod ?kVd dks cukrs gSaA
ok;q] ty vkSj e`nk thoeaMy osQ futhZo ?kVd gSaA
vkb, vc bu vtSo ?kVdksa tks Ik`Foh ij thou osQ
laiw"k.k osQ fy, vko';d gSa] mudh Hkwfedk oQk
foLr`r vè;;u djrs gSaA
14.1thou dh 'okl% ok;q
ge igys vè;k; esa ok;q osQ ?kVdksa osQ fo"k; esa Ik<+
pqosQ gSaA ;g cgqr&lh xSlksa_ tSlsµukbVªkstu] vkWDlhtu]
dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM rFkk tyok"Ik dk feJ.k gSA ;g
tkuuk #fpdj gS fd Ik`Foh ij thou ok;q osQ ?kVdksa
dk ifj.kke gSA 'kqØ rFkk eaxy tSls xzgksa tgk¡ dksbZ
thou ugha gS] ok;qeaMy dk eq[; ?kVd dkcZu
MkbvkWDlkbM gSA okLro esa 'kqØ rFkk eaxy xzgksa osQ
ok;qeaMy esa 95 ls 97 izfr'kr rd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM
gSA
;woSQfj;kssfVd dksf'kdkvksa vkSj cgqr&lh izkssoSQfj;ksfVd
dksf'kdkvksa dks Xywdksl v.kqvksa dks rksM+us rFkk mlls
ÅtkZ izkIr djus osQ fy, vkWDlhtu dh vko';drk
gksrh gS tSlk fd ge vè;k; 5 esa Ik<+ pqosQ gSaA blosQ
ifj.kkeLo:Ik dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dh mRifÙk gksrh
gSA nwljh çfØ;k] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:Ik vkWDlhtu dh
[kir gksrh gS vkSj dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk mRiknu
gksrk gS] ngu dh fØ;k gSA blesa osQoy euq"; osQ os
fØ;kdyki gh ugha tks ÅtkZ izkIr djus osQ fy, b±èku
dks tykrs gSa cfYd taxyksa esa yxh vkx Hkh vkrh gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr] gekjs ok;qeaMy esa dkcZu
MkbvkWDlkbM dh ek=kk 1 izfr'kr dk ,d NksVk&lk
Hkkx gS D;ksafd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM nks fofèk;ksa ls
^fLFkj* gksrh gS% (i) gjs isM+ ikSèks lw;Z dh fdj.kksa dh
mifLFkfr esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dks Xywdksl esa
cny nsrs gSa rFkk (ii) cgqr&ls leqæh tarq leqnzh ty
esa ?kqys dkcksZusV ls vius dop cukrs gSaA
14.1.1tyok;q osQ fu;a=k.k esa ok;qeaMYk dh
Hkwfedk
ge tku pqosQ gSa fd ok;qeaMy Ik`Foh dks oaQcy osQ
leku <osQ gq, gSA ge tkurs gSa fd ok;q Å"ek dk
vè;k; 14
izko`Qfrd laink
(Natural Resources)
foKku
214
ckjs esa D;k lksprs gSa\ D;k ge vius vuqeku dh
lR;rk osQ fy, ,d iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa\
14.1.2 ok;q dh xfr% iousa
ge fnuHkj dh xehZ osQ ckn 'kke dks cgus okys BaMs
lehj ls jkgr eglwl djrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh dbZ
fnuksa rd vf/d xeZ ekSle osQ i'pkr~ o"kkZ gksrh gSA
ok;q oQh xfr dk D;k dkj.k gS vkSj os dkSu&ls
dkjd gSa tks mUgsa dHkh lehj] dHkh rs”k gok ;k
dHkh rwi
+
Qku osQ :Ik esa xfr iznku djrs gSa\ o"kkZ dk
D;k dkj.k gS\
 ;s lHkh izfØ;k,¡ gekjs ok;qeaMy esa gok osQ
xeZ gksus vkSj tyok"i osQ cuus dk ifj.kke gSaA
tyok"Ik thfor izkf.k;ksa osQ fØ;kdykiksa vkSj ty
osQ xeZ gksus osQ dkj.k curh gSA LFkyh; Hkkx ;k
tyh; Hkkx ls gksus okys fofdj.k osQ ijkorZu rFkk
iqu£ofdj.k osQ dkj.k ok;qeaMy xeZ gksrk gSA xeZ
gksus ij] ok;q esa laogu èkkjk,¡ mRiUu gksrh gSaA
laogu èkkjkvksa dh izÑfr dks tkuus osQ fy, vkb,
fuEufyf[kr fØ;kdyki djsaA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..222
• ,d eksecÙkh dks pkSM+s eq¡g okyh cksry esa ;k
chdj esa j[ksa vkSj mls tyk,¡A ,d vxjcÙkh dks
tyk,¡ vkSj mls cksry osQ eq¡g osQ lehi ys tk,¡
(fp=k 14-1)A
• tc vxjcÙkh dks eq¡g osQ fdukjs ij ys tk;k
tkrk gS rc voyksdu djsa fd èkqvk¡ fdl vksj
tkrk gS\
• tc vxjcÙkh dks eksecÙkh osQ FkksM+k Åij j[kk
tkrk gS rc èkqvk¡ fdl vksj tkrk gS\
• nwljs Hkkxksa esa tc vxjcÙkh dks j[kk tkrk gS rks
èkqvk¡ fdl vksj tkrk gS\
oqQpkyd gSA ok;qeaMYk Ik`Foh osQ vkSlr rkieku dks
fnu osQ le; vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd iwjs o"kZHkj yxHkx
fu;r j[krk gSA ok;qeaMy fnu esa rkieku dks vpkud
c<+us ls jksdrk gS vkSj jkr osQ le; Å"ek dks ckgjh
varfj{k esa tkus dh nj dks de djrk gSA panzek osQ
ckjs esa lkspas tks lw;Z ls yxHkx mruh gh nwjh ij gS
ftruk fd Ik`Foh A blosQ ckotwn panzek dh lrg]
tgk¡ ok;qeaMy ugha gS] ij rkieku –190°C ls
110°C osQ eè; jgrk gSA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..1 11
• fuEufyf[kr oQk rki ekfi,%
(i) ty ls Hkjk ,d chdj, (ii) e`nk ;k ckyw ls
Hkjk ,d chdj vkSj  (iii) ,d can cksry ysa]
ftlesa FkekZehVj yxk gksA bu lHkh dks lw;Z osQ
izdk'k esa rhu ?kaVs rd j[ksaA vc rhuksa crZuksa osQ
rkieku dh eki djsaA mlh le; Nk;k esa Hkh
rkieku dks ns[ksaA
vc mÙkj nsa
1. (i) ;k (ii) esa ls fdlesa rkieku dh eki
vfèkd gS\
2. izkIr fu"d"kZ osQ vkèkkj ij dkSu lcls igys
xeZ gksxk & LFky ;k leqnz\
3. D;k Nk;k esa ok;q osQ rkieku ckyw rFkk ty
osQ rkieku osQ leku gksxk\ vki blosQ
dkj.k osQ ckjs esa D;k lksprs gSa\ vkSj rkieku
dks Nk;k esa D;ksa ekik tkrk gS\
4. D;k can cksry ;k 'kh'ks osQ crZu esa fy;k x;k
gok dk rkieku vkSj [kqys esa fy;k x;k gok
dk rkieku leku gS\ blosQ dkj.k osQ ckjs esa
vki D;k lksprs gSa\ D;k ge izk;% bl rjg
dh ?kVukvksa ls voxr gksrs gSa\
tSlk fd geus ns[kk ckyw rFkk ty ,dleku nj
ls xeZ ugha gksrs gSaA vki muosQ BaMk gksus dh nj osQ
izko`Qfrd laink
215
èkq,¡ }kjk viuk;k x;k iSVuZ gesa crkrk gS fd
fdl fn'kk esa xeZ vkSj BaMh gok,¡ cgrh gSaA blh
izdkj tc ok;q LFky vkSj ty osQ fofdj.k osQ
dkj.k xeZ gksrh gS rc ;g mQij dh vksj izokg
djrh gSA pw¡fd] ty dh vis{kk LFky tYnh xeZ
gksrk gS blfy, LFky osQ mQij dh ok;q ty osQ
mQij dh ok;q osQ vis{kk rs”kh ls xeZ gksxhA
blfy, vxj ge rVh; {ks=kksa oQks fnu esa ns[krs
gSa rks ikrs gSa fd LFky osQ mQij dh ok;q rs”kh ls xeZ
gksdj Åij mBuk 'kq: djrh gSA tSls gh ;g ok;q
mQij dh vksj mBrh gS] ogk¡ de nkc dk {ks=k cu
tkrk gS vkSj leqnz osQ Åij dh ok;q de nkc okys
{ks=k dh vksj izokfgr gks tkrh gSA ,d {ks=k ls nwljs
{ks=k esa ok;q dh xfr Ikouksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA fnu
osQ le; gok dh fn'kk leqnz ls LFky dh vksj
gksxhA
 jkr osQ le; LFky vkSj leqnz nksuksa BaMs gksus
yxrs gSaA p¡wfd LFky dh vis{kk ty èkhjs&èkhjs BaMk
gksrk gS blfy, ty osQ mQij dh ok;q LFky osQ
mQij dh ok;q ls xeZ gksxhA mQij nh xbZ ifjppkZ osQ
vkèkkj ij vki fuEu ds fo"k; esa D;k dg ldrs gSa%
1. rVh; {ks=kksa ij de rFkk mPp nkc osQ {ks=k
jkr esa izrhr gksrs gSa\
2. rVh; {ks=kksa esa jkr osQ le; ok;q dh fn'kk
D;k gksxh\
blh izdkj] gok dh lHkh xfr;k¡ fofHkUu
ok;qeaMyh; izfØ;kvksa dk ifj.kke gS tks  i`Foh osQ
ok;qeaMy osQ vleku fof/;ksas ls xeZ gksus osQ dkj.k
gksrk gSA ysfdu bu gokvksa dks cgqr&ls vU; dkjd
Hkh izHkkfor djrs gSa tSls Ik`Foh dh ?kw.kZu xfr rFkk
iou osQ ekxZ esa vkus okyh ioZr  Ük`az[kyk,¡A ge bu
dkjdkas osQ ckjs esa bl vè;k; esa foLr`r vè;;u
ugha djsaxsA ysfdu blosQ ckjs esa lksprs gSa% oSQls
fgeky; dh mifLFkfr ls bykgkckn ls mÙkj dh
vksj izokfgr gksus okyh ok;q dh fn'kk ifjofrZr gks
tkrh gS\
14.1.3o"kkZ
vkb, ge bl iz'u ij fopkj djsa fd ckny oSQls
curs gSa vkSj o"kkZ djrs gSaA ge blosQ fy, ,d
lkèkkj.k iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa ftlls Kkr gks losQ fd
oqQN dkjd tyok;q dks oSQls izHkkfor djrs gaSA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..3 33
• ,d Ikrys IykfLVd dh cksry ysaA blesa 5 ls
10 mL ty ysa rFkk cksry dks dl dj can
djsaA bls vPNh rjg fgyk,¡ rFkk 10 feuV rd
èkwi esa j[ksaA blls cksry esa ekStwn ok;q tyok"Ik
ls lar`Ir gks tkrh gSA
• vc ,d tyh gqbZ vxjcÙkh ysaA cksry osQ
<Ddu dks [kksysa vkSj vxjcÙkh osQ èkq,¡ dh
oqQN ek=kk dks cksry osQ vanj tkus nsaA iqu%
cksry dks dl dj can djsaA cksry dks vius
gFksfy;ksa osQ chp esa j[kdj ftruk ”kksj ls gks
losQ nck,¡A oqQN le; rd Ikzrh{kk djsa vkSj
cksry dks NksM+ nsaA ,d ckj iqu% cksry dks vki
ftruk ”kksj ls laHko gks ldrk gS nck,¡A
vc mÙkj nsa
1. vkius dc ns[kk fd cksry osQ vanj fLFkr
gok oqQgjs dh Hkk¡fr gks tkrh gS\
fp=k  14.1: ok;q osQ vleku rkiu ls ok;qizokg
foKku
216
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4...4 4 4
• iwjs ns'k esa gksus okyh o"kkZ osQ iSVuZ osQ ckjs esa
lekpkji=k ;k Vsyhfotu osQ ekè;e ls ekSle
lwpukvksa dh tkudkjh ,d=k djsaA ;g Hkh irk
yxk,¡ fd ,d o"kkZ&ekid ;a=k oSQls cuk;k
tkrk gS vkSj mls cuk,¡A o"kkZ&ekid ;a=k ls lgh
MkVk izkIr djus osQ fy, dkSu&dkSu ls lqj{kkRed
mik; djus vko';d gSa\ vc fuEufyf[kr
iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsa %
(i) fdl eghus esa vkiosQ 'kgj@uxj@xk¡o esa
lcls vfèkd o"kkZ gqbZ\
(ii) fdl eghus esa vkiosQ jkT;@osQanz 'kkflr
izns'k esa lcls vfèkd o"kkZ gqbZ\
(iii) D;k o"kkZ ges'kk ckny xjtus vkSj fctyh
pedus osQ lkFk gksrh gS\ vxj ugha rks fdl
ekSle esa lcls vfèkd o"kkZ] ckny xjtus
vkSj fctyh pedus osQ lkFk gksrh gS\
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..5 5 5
• iqLrdky; ls ekulwu vkSj pØzzokr osQ ckjs esa
vkSj vfèkd tkudkjh ,d=k djsaA fdlh nwljs
o"kkZ dk IkSVuZ] Ikouksa osQ iSVuZ Ikj fuHkZj djrk
gSA Hkkjr osQ cgqr cM+s Hkw&Hkkx esa vfèkdrj o"kkZ
nf{k.k if'pe ;k mÙkj iwohZ ekulwu osQ dkj.k gksrh
gSA geus ekSle lwpukvksa esa Hkh lquk gS fd caxky
dh [kkM+h ij ok;q dk ncko de gksus osQ dkj.k dbZ
{ks=kksa esa o"kkZ gqbZA
2. ;g oqQgklk dc lekIr gksrk gS\
3. cksry osQ vanj nkc dc vfèkd gS\
4. oqQgklk fn[kkbZ nsus dh fLFkfr esa] cksry osQ
vanj dk nkc de gS ;k vf/d gS\
5. bl iz;ksx osQ fy, cksry osQ Hkhrj èkq,¡ dh
vko';drk D;ksa gS\
6. D;k gksxk tc vki bl iz;ksx dks fcuk
vxjcÙkh osQ èkq,¡ osQ djsaxs\ vc ,slk iz;Ru
djsa vkSj ns[ksa fd IkfjdYiuk lgh Fkh ;k
xyrA
cgqr NksVs Lrj ij mijksDr iz;ksx dks nksgjk,¡]
D;k gksrk gS tc tyok"Ik ls Hkjh gqbZ ok;q mPp nkc
okys {ks=k ls de nkc okys {ks=k esa ;k blosQ foijhr
izokfgr gksrh gSA
fnu osQ le; tc tyh; Hkkx xeZ gks tkrss gSa]
rc cgqr cM+h ek=kk esa tyok"Ik cu tkrh gS vkSj
;g ok"i ok;q esa izokfgr gks tkrh gSA tyok"Ik dh
oqQN ek=kk fofHkUu tSfod fØ;kvksa osQ dkj.k ok;qeaMy
esa pyh tkrh gSA ;g ok;q Hkh xeZ gks tkrh gSA xeZ
ok;q vius lkFk tyok"Ik dks ysdj mQij dh vksj
mB tkrh gSA tSls gh ok;q mQij dh vksj tkrh gS ;g
iSQyrh gS rFkk BaMh gks tkrh gSA BaMk gksus osQ dkj.k
gok esa mifLFkr tyok"Ik NksVh&NksVh ty oQh cw¡nksa
osQ :Ik esa la?kfur gks tkrh gSA ty dk ;g la?kuu
lgt gksrk gS ;fn oqQN d.k ukfHkd dh rjg dk;Z
djosQ vius pkjksa vksj cw¡nksa dks tek gksus nsrs gSaA
lkekU;r% ok;q esa mifLFkr èkwy osQ d.k rFkk nwljs
fuyafcr d.k ukfHkd osQ :i esa dk;Z djrs gSaA
,d ckj tc ty dh cw¡nsa fufeZr gks tkrh gSa rks
os la?kfur gksus osQ dkj.k cM+h gks tkrh gSaA tc ;s cw¡nsa
cM+h vkSj Hkkjh gks tkrh gSa rc ;s o"kkZ osQ :Ik esa uhps
dh vksj fxjrh gSaA dHkh&dHkh tc ok;q dk rkieku
dki
+
Qh de gks tkrk gS rc ;s fgeo`f"V vFkok vksys
osQ :Ik esa vo{ksfir gks tkrh gSaA
fp=k 14.2: Hkkjr ij vkPNkfnr cknyksa dk mixzg }kjk
iznf'kZr fp=k
Page 5


ge tkurs gSa fd gekjh Ik`Foh gh ,d ,slk xzg gS tgk¡
thou fo|eku gSA i`Foh ij thou cgqr lkjs dkjdksa
ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ge ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd thou osQ
fy, ifjos'k rki] ty rFkk Hkkstu dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA Ik`Foh ij miyCèk lHkh izdkj osQ thoksa dh
ewy vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, lw;Z ls ÅtkZ rFkk
Ik`Foh ij miyCèk laink dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
Ik`Foh ij ;s laink dkSu&dkSu lh gSa\
;s LFky] ty ,oa ok;q gSaA Ik`Foh oQh lcls ckgjh ijr
dks LFkyeaMy dgrs gSaA Ik`Foh osQ 75 izfr'kr Hkkx ij
ty gSA ;g Hkwfexr ty osQ :Ik esa Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA
bu lHkh dks tyeaMy dgrs gaSA ok;q tks iwjh Ik`Foh
dks oaQcy osQ leku <osQ jgrh gS] mls ok;qeaMy
dgrs gSaA thfor inkFkZ ogha ik, tkrs gSa tgk¡ ;s rhuksa
vo;o fLFkr gksrs gSaA thou dks vkJ; nsus okyk
Ik`Foh dk ;g ?ksjk tgk¡ ok;qeaMy] LFkyeaMy rFkk
tyeaMYk ,d&nwljs ls feydj thou dks laHko
cukrs gSa mls thoeaMy osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
ltho] thoeaMy osQ tSfod ?kVd dks cukrs gSaA
ok;q] ty vkSj e`nk thoeaMy osQ futhZo ?kVd gSaA
vkb, vc bu vtSo ?kVdksa tks Ik`Foh ij thou osQ
laiw"k.k osQ fy, vko';d gSa] mudh Hkwfedk oQk
foLr`r vè;;u djrs gSaA
14.1thou dh 'okl% ok;q
ge igys vè;k; esa ok;q osQ ?kVdksa osQ fo"k; esa Ik<+
pqosQ gSaA ;g cgqr&lh xSlksa_ tSlsµukbVªkstu] vkWDlhtu]
dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM rFkk tyok"Ik dk feJ.k gSA ;g
tkuuk #fpdj gS fd Ik`Foh ij thou ok;q osQ ?kVdksa
dk ifj.kke gSA 'kqØ rFkk eaxy tSls xzgksa tgk¡ dksbZ
thou ugha gS] ok;qeaMy dk eq[; ?kVd dkcZu
MkbvkWDlkbM gSA okLro esa 'kqØ rFkk eaxy xzgksa osQ
ok;qeaMy esa 95 ls 97 izfr'kr rd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM
gSA
;woSQfj;kssfVd dksf'kdkvksa vkSj cgqr&lh izkssoSQfj;ksfVd
dksf'kdkvksa dks Xywdksl v.kqvksa dks rksM+us rFkk mlls
ÅtkZ izkIr djus osQ fy, vkWDlhtu dh vko';drk
gksrh gS tSlk fd ge vè;k; 5 esa Ik<+ pqosQ gSaA blosQ
ifj.kkeLo:Ik dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dh mRifÙk gksrh
gSA nwljh çfØ;k] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:Ik vkWDlhtu dh
[kir gksrh gS vkSj dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk mRiknu
gksrk gS] ngu dh fØ;k gSA blesa osQoy euq"; osQ os
fØ;kdyki gh ugha tks ÅtkZ izkIr djus osQ fy, b±èku
dks tykrs gSa cfYd taxyksa esa yxh vkx Hkh vkrh gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr] gekjs ok;qeaMy esa dkcZu
MkbvkWDlkbM dh ek=kk 1 izfr'kr dk ,d NksVk&lk
Hkkx gS D;ksafd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM nks fofèk;ksa ls
^fLFkj* gksrh gS% (i) gjs isM+ ikSèks lw;Z dh fdj.kksa dh
mifLFkfr esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dks Xywdksl esa
cny nsrs gSa rFkk (ii) cgqr&ls leqæh tarq leqnzh ty
esa ?kqys dkcksZusV ls vius dop cukrs gSaA
14.1.1tyok;q osQ fu;a=k.k esa ok;qeaMYk dh
Hkwfedk
ge tku pqosQ gSa fd ok;qeaMy Ik`Foh dks oaQcy osQ
leku <osQ gq, gSA ge tkurs gSa fd ok;q Å"ek dk
vè;k; 14
izko`Qfrd laink
(Natural Resources)
foKku
214
ckjs esa D;k lksprs gSa\ D;k ge vius vuqeku dh
lR;rk osQ fy, ,d iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa\
14.1.2 ok;q dh xfr% iousa
ge fnuHkj dh xehZ osQ ckn 'kke dks cgus okys BaMs
lehj ls jkgr eglwl djrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh dbZ
fnuksa rd vf/d xeZ ekSle osQ i'pkr~ o"kkZ gksrh gSA
ok;q oQh xfr dk D;k dkj.k gS vkSj os dkSu&ls
dkjd gSa tks mUgsa dHkh lehj] dHkh rs”k gok ;k
dHkh rwi
+
Qku osQ :Ik esa xfr iznku djrs gSa\ o"kkZ dk
D;k dkj.k gS\
 ;s lHkh izfØ;k,¡ gekjs ok;qeaMy esa gok osQ
xeZ gksus vkSj tyok"i osQ cuus dk ifj.kke gSaA
tyok"Ik thfor izkf.k;ksa osQ fØ;kdykiksa vkSj ty
osQ xeZ gksus osQ dkj.k curh gSA LFkyh; Hkkx ;k
tyh; Hkkx ls gksus okys fofdj.k osQ ijkorZu rFkk
iqu£ofdj.k osQ dkj.k ok;qeaMy xeZ gksrk gSA xeZ
gksus ij] ok;q esa laogu èkkjk,¡ mRiUu gksrh gSaA
laogu èkkjkvksa dh izÑfr dks tkuus osQ fy, vkb,
fuEufyf[kr fØ;kdyki djsaA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..222
• ,d eksecÙkh dks pkSM+s eq¡g okyh cksry esa ;k
chdj esa j[ksa vkSj mls tyk,¡A ,d vxjcÙkh dks
tyk,¡ vkSj mls cksry osQ eq¡g osQ lehi ys tk,¡
(fp=k 14-1)A
• tc vxjcÙkh dks eq¡g osQ fdukjs ij ys tk;k
tkrk gS rc voyksdu djsa fd èkqvk¡ fdl vksj
tkrk gS\
• tc vxjcÙkh dks eksecÙkh osQ FkksM+k Åij j[kk
tkrk gS rc èkqvk¡ fdl vksj tkrk gS\
• nwljs Hkkxksa esa tc vxjcÙkh dks j[kk tkrk gS rks
èkqvk¡ fdl vksj tkrk gS\
oqQpkyd gSA ok;qeaMYk Ik`Foh osQ vkSlr rkieku dks
fnu osQ le; vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd iwjs o"kZHkj yxHkx
fu;r j[krk gSA ok;qeaMy fnu esa rkieku dks vpkud
c<+us ls jksdrk gS vkSj jkr osQ le; Å"ek dks ckgjh
varfj{k esa tkus dh nj dks de djrk gSA panzek osQ
ckjs esa lkspas tks lw;Z ls yxHkx mruh gh nwjh ij gS
ftruk fd Ik`Foh A blosQ ckotwn panzek dh lrg]
tgk¡ ok;qeaMy ugha gS] ij rkieku –190°C ls
110°C osQ eè; jgrk gSA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..1 11
• fuEufyf[kr oQk rki ekfi,%
(i) ty ls Hkjk ,d chdj, (ii) e`nk ;k ckyw ls
Hkjk ,d chdj vkSj  (iii) ,d can cksry ysa]
ftlesa FkekZehVj yxk gksA bu lHkh dks lw;Z osQ
izdk'k esa rhu ?kaVs rd j[ksaA vc rhuksa crZuksa osQ
rkieku dh eki djsaA mlh le; Nk;k esa Hkh
rkieku dks ns[ksaA
vc mÙkj nsa
1. (i) ;k (ii) esa ls fdlesa rkieku dh eki
vfèkd gS\
2. izkIr fu"d"kZ osQ vkèkkj ij dkSu lcls igys
xeZ gksxk & LFky ;k leqnz\
3. D;k Nk;k esa ok;q osQ rkieku ckyw rFkk ty
osQ rkieku osQ leku gksxk\ vki blosQ
dkj.k osQ ckjs esa D;k lksprs gSa\ vkSj rkieku
dks Nk;k esa D;ksa ekik tkrk gS\
4. D;k can cksry ;k 'kh'ks osQ crZu esa fy;k x;k
gok dk rkieku vkSj [kqys esa fy;k x;k gok
dk rkieku leku gS\ blosQ dkj.k osQ ckjs esa
vki D;k lksprs gSa\ D;k ge izk;% bl rjg
dh ?kVukvksa ls voxr gksrs gSa\
tSlk fd geus ns[kk ckyw rFkk ty ,dleku nj
ls xeZ ugha gksrs gSaA vki muosQ BaMk gksus dh nj osQ
izko`Qfrd laink
215
èkq,¡ }kjk viuk;k x;k iSVuZ gesa crkrk gS fd
fdl fn'kk esa xeZ vkSj BaMh gok,¡ cgrh gSaA blh
izdkj tc ok;q LFky vkSj ty osQ fofdj.k osQ
dkj.k xeZ gksrh gS rc ;g mQij dh vksj izokg
djrh gSA pw¡fd] ty dh vis{kk LFky tYnh xeZ
gksrk gS blfy, LFky osQ mQij dh ok;q ty osQ
mQij dh ok;q osQ vis{kk rs”kh ls xeZ gksxhA
blfy, vxj ge rVh; {ks=kksa oQks fnu esa ns[krs
gSa rks ikrs gSa fd LFky osQ mQij dh ok;q rs”kh ls xeZ
gksdj Åij mBuk 'kq: djrh gSA tSls gh ;g ok;q
mQij dh vksj mBrh gS] ogk¡ de nkc dk {ks=k cu
tkrk gS vkSj leqnz osQ Åij dh ok;q de nkc okys
{ks=k dh vksj izokfgr gks tkrh gSA ,d {ks=k ls nwljs
{ks=k esa ok;q dh xfr Ikouksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA fnu
osQ le; gok dh fn'kk leqnz ls LFky dh vksj
gksxhA
 jkr osQ le; LFky vkSj leqnz nksuksa BaMs gksus
yxrs gSaA p¡wfd LFky dh vis{kk ty èkhjs&èkhjs BaMk
gksrk gS blfy, ty osQ mQij dh ok;q LFky osQ
mQij dh ok;q ls xeZ gksxhA mQij nh xbZ ifjppkZ osQ
vkèkkj ij vki fuEu ds fo"k; esa D;k dg ldrs gSa%
1. rVh; {ks=kksa ij de rFkk mPp nkc osQ {ks=k
jkr esa izrhr gksrs gSa\
2. rVh; {ks=kksa esa jkr osQ le; ok;q dh fn'kk
D;k gksxh\
blh izdkj] gok dh lHkh xfr;k¡ fofHkUu
ok;qeaMyh; izfØ;kvksa dk ifj.kke gS tks  i`Foh osQ
ok;qeaMy osQ vleku fof/;ksas ls xeZ gksus osQ dkj.k
gksrk gSA ysfdu bu gokvksa dks cgqr&ls vU; dkjd
Hkh izHkkfor djrs gSa tSls Ik`Foh dh ?kw.kZu xfr rFkk
iou osQ ekxZ esa vkus okyh ioZr  Ük`az[kyk,¡A ge bu
dkjdkas osQ ckjs esa bl vè;k; esa foLr`r vè;;u
ugha djsaxsA ysfdu blosQ ckjs esa lksprs gSa% oSQls
fgeky; dh mifLFkfr ls bykgkckn ls mÙkj dh
vksj izokfgr gksus okyh ok;q dh fn'kk ifjofrZr gks
tkrh gS\
14.1.3o"kkZ
vkb, ge bl iz'u ij fopkj djsa fd ckny oSQls
curs gSa vkSj o"kkZ djrs gSaA ge blosQ fy, ,d
lkèkkj.k iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa ftlls Kkr gks losQ fd
oqQN dkjd tyok;q dks oSQls izHkkfor djrs gaSA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..3 33
• ,d Ikrys IykfLVd dh cksry ysaA blesa 5 ls
10 mL ty ysa rFkk cksry dks dl dj can
djsaA bls vPNh rjg fgyk,¡ rFkk 10 feuV rd
èkwi esa j[ksaA blls cksry esa ekStwn ok;q tyok"Ik
ls lar`Ir gks tkrh gSA
• vc ,d tyh gqbZ vxjcÙkh ysaA cksry osQ
<Ddu dks [kksysa vkSj vxjcÙkh osQ èkq,¡ dh
oqQN ek=kk dks cksry osQ vanj tkus nsaA iqu%
cksry dks dl dj can djsaA cksry dks vius
gFksfy;ksa osQ chp esa j[kdj ftruk ”kksj ls gks
losQ nck,¡A oqQN le; rd Ikzrh{kk djsa vkSj
cksry dks NksM+ nsaA ,d ckj iqu% cksry dks vki
ftruk ”kksj ls laHko gks ldrk gS nck,¡A
vc mÙkj nsa
1. vkius dc ns[kk fd cksry osQ vanj fLFkr
gok oqQgjs dh Hkk¡fr gks tkrh gS\
fp=k  14.1: ok;q osQ vleku rkiu ls ok;qizokg
foKku
216
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4...4 4 4
• iwjs ns'k esa gksus okyh o"kkZ osQ iSVuZ osQ ckjs esa
lekpkji=k ;k Vsyhfotu osQ ekè;e ls ekSle
lwpukvksa dh tkudkjh ,d=k djsaA ;g Hkh irk
yxk,¡ fd ,d o"kkZ&ekid ;a=k oSQls cuk;k
tkrk gS vkSj mls cuk,¡A o"kkZ&ekid ;a=k ls lgh
MkVk izkIr djus osQ fy, dkSu&dkSu ls lqj{kkRed
mik; djus vko';d gSa\ vc fuEufyf[kr
iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsa %
(i) fdl eghus esa vkiosQ 'kgj@uxj@xk¡o esa
lcls vfèkd o"kkZ gqbZ\
(ii) fdl eghus esa vkiosQ jkT;@osQanz 'kkflr
izns'k esa lcls vfèkd o"kkZ gqbZ\
(iii) D;k o"kkZ ges'kk ckny xjtus vkSj fctyh
pedus osQ lkFk gksrh gS\ vxj ugha rks fdl
ekSle esa lcls vfèkd o"kkZ] ckny xjtus
vkSj fctyh pedus osQ lkFk gksrh gS\
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..5 5 5
• iqLrdky; ls ekulwu vkSj pØzzokr osQ ckjs esa
vkSj vfèkd tkudkjh ,d=k djsaA fdlh nwljs
o"kkZ dk IkSVuZ] Ikouksa osQ iSVuZ Ikj fuHkZj djrk
gSA Hkkjr osQ cgqr cM+s Hkw&Hkkx esa vfèkdrj o"kkZ
nf{k.k if'pe ;k mÙkj iwohZ ekulwu osQ dkj.k gksrh
gSA geus ekSle lwpukvksa esa Hkh lquk gS fd caxky
dh [kkM+h ij ok;q dk ncko de gksus osQ dkj.k dbZ
{ks=kksa esa o"kkZ gqbZA
2. ;g oqQgklk dc lekIr gksrk gS\
3. cksry osQ vanj nkc dc vfèkd gS\
4. oqQgklk fn[kkbZ nsus dh fLFkfr esa] cksry osQ
vanj dk nkc de gS ;k vf/d gS\
5. bl iz;ksx osQ fy, cksry osQ Hkhrj èkq,¡ dh
vko';drk D;ksa gS\
6. D;k gksxk tc vki bl iz;ksx dks fcuk
vxjcÙkh osQ èkq,¡ osQ djsaxs\ vc ,slk iz;Ru
djsa vkSj ns[ksa fd IkfjdYiuk lgh Fkh ;k
xyrA
cgqr NksVs Lrj ij mijksDr iz;ksx dks nksgjk,¡]
D;k gksrk gS tc tyok"Ik ls Hkjh gqbZ ok;q mPp nkc
okys {ks=k ls de nkc okys {ks=k esa ;k blosQ foijhr
izokfgr gksrh gSA
fnu osQ le; tc tyh; Hkkx xeZ gks tkrss gSa]
rc cgqr cM+h ek=kk esa tyok"Ik cu tkrh gS vkSj
;g ok"i ok;q esa izokfgr gks tkrh gSA tyok"Ik dh
oqQN ek=kk fofHkUu tSfod fØ;kvksa osQ dkj.k ok;qeaMy
esa pyh tkrh gSA ;g ok;q Hkh xeZ gks tkrh gSA xeZ
ok;q vius lkFk tyok"Ik dks ysdj mQij dh vksj
mB tkrh gSA tSls gh ok;q mQij dh vksj tkrh gS ;g
iSQyrh gS rFkk BaMh gks tkrh gSA BaMk gksus osQ dkj.k
gok esa mifLFkr tyok"Ik NksVh&NksVh ty oQh cw¡nksa
osQ :Ik esa la?kfur gks tkrh gSA ty dk ;g la?kuu
lgt gksrk gS ;fn oqQN d.k ukfHkd dh rjg dk;Z
djosQ vius pkjksa vksj cw¡nksa dks tek gksus nsrs gSaA
lkekU;r% ok;q esa mifLFkr èkwy osQ d.k rFkk nwljs
fuyafcr d.k ukfHkd osQ :i esa dk;Z djrs gSaA
,d ckj tc ty dh cw¡nsa fufeZr gks tkrh gSa rks
os la?kfur gksus osQ dkj.k cM+h gks tkrh gSaA tc ;s cw¡nsa
cM+h vkSj Hkkjh gks tkrh gSa rc ;s o"kkZ osQ :Ik esa uhps
dh vksj fxjrh gSaA dHkh&dHkh tc ok;q dk rkieku
dki
+
Qh de gks tkrk gS rc ;s fgeo`f"V vFkok vksys
osQ :Ik esa vo{ksfir gks tkrh gSaA
fp=k 14.2: Hkkjr ij vkPNkfnr cknyksa dk mixzg }kjk
iznf'kZr fp=k
izko`Qfrd laink
217
ns'k dh o"kkZ osQ iSVuZ dk irk yxk,¡A D;k iwjs
fo'o esa o"kkZ osQ fy, ekulwu mÙkjnk;h gksrk gS\
14.1.4 ok;q iznw"k.k
ge lekpkjksa esa izk;% lqurs gSa fd ukbVªksstu vkSj lYi
+
Qj
osQ vkWDlkbM dk Lrj c<+ jgk gSA yksx izk;% nq%[k
izdV djrs gSa fd muosQ cpiu ls ysdj vHkh rd ok;q
dh xq.koÙkk esa deh vkbZ gSA ok;q dh xq.koÙkk oSQls
izHkkfor gksrh gS vkSj bl xq.koÙkk esa vk, ifjorZu gesa
vkSj nwljs thoksa dks oSQls izHkkfor djrs gSa\
thok'e b±èku tSls dks;yk vkSj isVªksfy;e inkFkks±
esa ukbVªksstu vkSj lYi
+
Qj dh cgqr de ek=kk gksrh
gSA tc ;s b±èku tyrs gSa rc ukbVªksstu vkSj lYi
+
Qj
Hkh blosQ lkFk tyrs gSa rFkk ;g ukbVªksstu vkSj
lYi
+
Qj osQ fofHkUu vkWDlkbM mRiUu djrs gSaA bu
xSlksa dk osQoy lk¡l osQ :Ik esa ysuk gh [krjukd
ugha gS cfYd ;ss o"kkZ osQ ty esa feydj vEyh;
o"kkZ Hkh djrs gSaA thok'e b±èkuksa dk ngu ok;q esa
fuyafcr d.kksa dh ek=kk dks Hkh c<+k nsrk gSA ;s
fuyafcr d.k fcuk tys dkcZu d.k ;k inkFkZ gks
ldrs gSa ftUgsa gkbMªksdkcZu dgk tkrk gSA bu lHkh
iznw"kdksa dh vfèkd ek=kk esa mifLFkfr n`';rk dks de
djrh gS fo'ks"kdj lnhZ osQ ekSle esa tc ty Hkh ok;q
osQ lkFk la?kfur gksrk gSA bls /we dksgjk dgrs gaS rFkk
;s ok;q iznw"k.k dh vksj laosQr djrs gaS vè;;uksa ls irk
pyrk gS fd bu inkFkks± okyh ok;q esa lk¡l ysus ls
oSaQlj] ân; jksx ;k ,ythZ tSlh chekfj;k¡ gksus dh
laHkkouk,¡ vfèkd gks tkrh gSaA ok;q esa fLFkr bu
gkfudkjd inkFkks± dh o`f¼ dks ok;q iznw"k.k dgrs gSaA
fØ;kdyki__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ 1 114 4 4. ..666
• ykbosQu uked tho ok;q esa mifLFkr lYi
+
Qj
MkbvkWDlkbM osQ Lrj osQ Ikzfr vf/d laosnh
gksrs gSaA tSlk fd vuqHkkx 7-3-3 esa crk;k tk
pqdk gSA ;s izk;% isM+ksa dh Nkyksa ij irys gjs
vkSj li
+
sQn jax dh ijr osQ :i esa ik, tkrs gSaA
;fn vkiosQ vkl&ikl isM+ksa ij ykbosQu gS rks
mls vki ns[k ldrs gSaA
• o;Lr lM+d osQ lehi isM+ ij fLFkr ykbosQu
vkSj oqQN nwjh ij fLFkr isM+ ij fLFkr ykbosQu
dh rqyuk djsaA
• lM+d osQ lehi fLFkr isM+ksa ij] lM+d dh vksj
dh lrgksa ij yxs ykbosQu dh rqyuk lM+d dh
foijhr fn'kk dh vksj okyh lrgksa ij yxs
ykbosQu ls djsaA
mQij izkIr y{k.kksa osQ vkèkkj ij vki lM+d osQ
fdukjs ;k nwj iznw"k.k iSQykus okys inkFkks± osQ Lrj osQ
fo"k; esa D;k dg ldrs gSa\
'u
1. 'kqØ vkSj eaxy xzgksa osQ ok;qeaMy ls gekjk
ok;qeaMy oSQls fHkUu gS\
2. ok;qeaMy ,d oaQcy dh rjg oSQls dk;Z
djrk gS\
3. ok;q Ikzokg (Ikou) osQ D;k dkj.k gSa\
4. cknyksa dk fuekZ.k oSQls gksrk gS\
5. euq"; osQ rhu fØ;kdykiksa dk mYys[k djsa
tks ok;q iznw"k.k esa lgk;d gSaA
14.2 ty% ,d vn~Hkqr nzo
ty Ik`Foh dh lrg osQ lcls cM+s Hkkx ij mifLFkr
gS vkSj ;g Hkwfexr Hkh gksrk gSA ty dh oqQN ek=kk
iz
fp=k 14.3: ykbosQu
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FAQs on NCERT पाठ्यपुस्तक पाठ 14 - प्राकृतिक संपदा, कक्षा 9, विज्ञान - विज्ञान (कक्षा 9) - नोट्स, वीडियोस तथा सैंपल पेपर्स - Class 9

1. What is natural resources?
Ans. Natural resources refer to the materials or substances found in nature that are valuable to humans and other living organisms. These resources are used to satisfy basic needs and to promote economic growth and development.
2. What are the different types of natural resources?
Ans. Natural resources can be classified into three main types: 1. Renewable resources: These resources can be replenished or replaced naturally within a relatively short period of time, such as sunlight, wind energy, water, and forests. 2. Non-renewable resources: These resources cannot be replenished or replaced within a short period of time, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), minerals, and metals. 3. Inexhaustible resources: These resources are unlimited in quantity and are continuously available, such as solar energy and tidal energy.
3. Why is it important to conserve natural resources?
Ans. It is important to conserve natural resources because: - Conservation helps in maintaining a balance in the ecosystem and ensures the survival of various species of plants and animals. - It helps in sustainable development by ensuring that resources are available for future generations. - Conservation reduces the negative impact on the environment and helps in mitigating climate change. - It promotes economic stability by preventing resource depletion and reducing the dependence on non-renewable resources.
4. How can we conserve natural resources?
Ans. We can conserve natural resources through various measures: - Efficient use of resources: By using resources wisely and minimizing waste, we can conserve resources. - Recycling: Recycling helps in reducing the demand for raw materials and conserves resources. - Forest conservation: Protecting and planting trees helps in conserving forests, which are an important natural resource. - Water conservation: Conserving water by using it judiciously and preventing wastage is essential for resource conservation. - Use of renewable energy: Promoting the use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind energy can reduce reliance on non-renewable resources.
5. What are the challenges in conserving natural resources?
Ans. There are several challenges in conserving natural resources: - Overexploitation: The excessive use of resources without considering their sustainable replenishment can lead to their depletion. - Population growth: The increasing population puts pressure on natural resources, leading to their overconsumption and depletion. - Lack of awareness and education: Many people are not aware of the importance of resource conservation and the impact of their actions. - Industrialization and urbanization: Rapid industrialization and urban growth lead to increased resource consumption and environmental degradation. - Climate change: Changes in climate patterns can affect the availability and distribution of natural resources, making conservation efforts more challenging.
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