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1. What is thermodynamics?
Ans. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that studies the relationship between heat, work, and energy. It deals with the transfer of energy as heat and work between systems and their surroundings.
2. What are the laws of thermodynamics?
Ans. The laws of thermodynamics are fundamental principles that govern the behavior of energy and heat transfer. They are: 1. The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of energy conservation, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. 2. The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time, or remains constant in reversible processes. 3. The third law of thermodynamics states that as the temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero.
3. What is the difference between heat and work in thermodynamics?
Ans. In thermodynamics, heat and work are two different forms of energy transfer. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy due to a temperature difference, while work is the transfer of energy due to the application of a force over a distance. Heat is a spontaneous process, while work is a non-spontaneous process.
4. How is thermodynamics applied in everyday life?
Ans. Thermodynamics has various applications in everyday life, such as: - Refrigerators and air conditioners: They utilize thermodynamics principles to transfer heat from a cooler space to a warmer space. - Cooking: Thermodynamics is involved in the process of cooking, where heat is transferred to food to cook it. - Engines: The operation of engines, such as car engines and steam engines, relies on the principles of thermodynamics to convert heat into mechanical work.
5. What is entropy in thermodynamics?
Ans. Entropy is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system. In thermodynamics, it is often associated with the concept of the second law. The second law states that the total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time. Entropy can be thought of as a measure of the amount of energy in a system that is no longer available to do useful work.
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