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Fundamentals of Accounting
INVENTORY VALUATION
Page 2


Fundamentals of Accounting
INVENTORY VALUATION
Inventory
Inventory is the one of the largest 
current asset of a retail store or of a 
whole business merchandise. The sale 
of this inventory is the main source of 
revenue. 
Inventory contains materials/Products in 
three forms of conditions
Page 3


Fundamentals of Accounting
INVENTORY VALUATION
Inventory
Inventory is the one of the largest 
current asset of a retail store or of a 
whole business merchandise. The sale 
of this inventory is the main source of 
revenue. 
Inventory contains materials/Products in 
three forms of conditions
?Raw Materials
The materials needed to 
make anything are called 
raw materials.
The initial condition of 
any material is its raw 
form.
Some work is needed to 
make a raw material into 
something useful
Consider we were making 
something using steel
Steel in raw 
form
Page 4


Fundamentals of Accounting
INVENTORY VALUATION
Inventory
Inventory is the one of the largest 
current asset of a retail store or of a 
whole business merchandise. The sale 
of this inventory is the main source of 
revenue. 
Inventory contains materials/Products in 
three forms of conditions
?Raw Materials
The materials needed to 
make anything are called 
raw materials.
The initial condition of 
any material is its raw 
form.
Some work is needed to 
make a raw material into 
something useful
Consider we were making 
something using steel
Steel in raw 
form
?WIP (Work in process)
The process of making raw materials into 
some useful things
Steel is melted to reshape it 
into something useful
Page 5


Fundamentals of Accounting
INVENTORY VALUATION
Inventory
Inventory is the one of the largest 
current asset of a retail store or of a 
whole business merchandise. The sale 
of this inventory is the main source of 
revenue. 
Inventory contains materials/Products in 
three forms of conditions
?Raw Materials
The materials needed to 
make anything are called 
raw materials.
The initial condition of 
any material is its raw 
form.
Some work is needed to 
make a raw material into 
something useful
Consider we were making 
something using steel
Steel in raw 
form
?WIP (Work in process)
The process of making raw materials into 
some useful things
Steel is melted to reshape it 
into something useful
?Finished Good
The finished product formed after doing some 
work on raw material.
The price of finished product is considerably high from 
raw material
We can make numerous  useful products 
using same raw material
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106 videos|173 docs|18 tests

FAQs on PPT - Lifo and Fifo - Cost Accounting - B Com

1. What is LIFO and FIFO in accounting?
Ans. LIFO (Last In, First Out) and FIFO (First In, First Out) are inventory valuation methods used in accounting. LIFO assumes that the most recently purchased items are sold first, while FIFO assumes that the oldest items are sold first.
2. How does LIFO affect a company's financial statements?
Ans. LIFO can have a significant impact on a company's financial statements. It generally leads to lower reported net income, as the cost of goods sold is higher when using LIFO compared to FIFO. Additionally, LIFO can result in higher inventory carrying values, which can affect the balance sheet.
3. What are the advantages of using FIFO?
Ans. FIFO has several advantages. It aligns with the natural flow of inventory, as it assumes that older inventory is sold first. This method can result in a better match between the cost of goods sold and revenue, especially during times of rising prices. FIFO also tends to lead to higher reported net income compared to LIFO, which can be beneficial for financial statement users.
4. How does LIFO impact a company's tax liabilities?
Ans. LIFO can have a significant impact on a company's tax liabilities. By assuming that the most recently purchased items are sold first, LIFO often results in higher cost of goods sold and lower reported net income. This, in turn, can lead to lower taxable income and potentially lower tax liabilities.
5. Are there any limitations or disadvantages of using LIFO or FIFO?
Ans. Yes, both LIFO and FIFO have limitations. LIFO can lead to inventory carrying values that may not reflect current replacement costs, which can be misleading for users of financial statements. Additionally, LIFO can result in inventory liquidation during periods of inflation, potentially causing supply chain disruptions. FIFO, on the other hand, may not accurately match costs with revenue during times of rising prices, leading to potential overstatement or understatement of income.
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