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NCERT Textbook: सरकार क्या है | भारतीय राजव्यवस्था (Indian Polity) for UPSC CSE in Hindi PDF Download

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 Page 1


bdkbZ-II
yksdra=k esa ,d dkVwZfuLV dk dke gS fd
og dkVwZuksa ds ”kfj, vius vf/dkjksa dk
iz;ksx vkykspuk djus] O;aX; djus rFkk
jktusrkvksa dh xyfr;ksa dks <w¡<us osQ fy,
djs---
& vkj- ds- y{e.k
gky cqjk ugha gS! t+:j ikl ds
fdlh uy ls ikuh vk jgk gksxkA
eSaus mlls NksVh ekyk cukus ds
fy, dgk Fkk--- oks cgqr
nqcys&irys cw<+s O;fDr gSa vkSj
bruh Hkkjh ekyk dk otu l¡Hkky
ugha ik,¡xsA
ljdkj
Page 2


bdkbZ-II
yksdra=k esa ,d dkVwZfuLV dk dke gS fd
og dkVwZuksa ds ”kfj, vius vf/dkjksa dk
iz;ksx vkykspuk djus] O;aX; djus rFkk
jktusrkvksa dh xyfr;ksa dks <w¡<us osQ fy,
djs---
& vkj- ds- y{e.k
gky cqjk ugha gS! t+:j ikl ds
fdlh uy ls ikuh vk jgk gksxkA
eSaus mlls NksVh ekyk cukus ds
fy, dgk Fkk--- oks cgqr
nqcys&irys cw<+s O;fDr gSa vkSj
bruh Hkkjh ekyk dk otu l¡Hkky
ugha ik,¡xsA
ljdkj
j,d ns'k dks fofHkUu fu.kZ; ysus ,oa
dke djus osQ fy, ljdkj dh ”k:jr
gksrh gSA ;s fu.kZ; dbZ fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/r gks
ldrs gSa & lM+dsa vkSj Ldwy dgk¡ cuk,
tk,¡] cgqr ”;knk eg¡xh gks tkus ij fdlh
ph”k osQ nke dSls ?kVk, tk,¡ vFkok fctyh
dh vkiwfrZ dks dSls c<+k;k tk,A ljdkj dbZ
lkekftd eqíksa ij Hkh dkjZokbZ djrh gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ljdkj xjhcksa dh enn
vkius ^ljdkj* 'kCn dk f”kØ dbZ ckj lquk gksxkA bl ikB esa vki
;g i<a+sxh fd ljdkj D;k gS vkSj ;g gekjs thou esa fdruh egÙoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA ljdkjsa D;k djrh gSa\ os fu.kZ; dSls ysrh gSa\
vyx&vyx rjg dh ljdkjksa] tSls yksdrkaf=kd ljdkj ,oa jktra=kh;
ljdkj osQ chp D;k varj gS\ pfy,] i<+ dj irk yxkrs gSa ---
ljdkj
D;k gS\
vè;k; 3
Åij nh xbZ v[kckj dh lqf[kZ;ksa dks nsf[k,A
buesa ljdkj osQ ftu dkeksa dh ckr dh tk jgh
gS] mudh lwph cukb,A
1.
2.
3.
4.
D;k ljdkj dk dke cgqr gh foLr`r ugha gS\
vkiosQ vuqlkj ljdkj D;k gS\ d{kk esa bl
ij ppkZ dhft,A
g
Page 3


bdkbZ-II
yksdra=k esa ,d dkVwZfuLV dk dke gS fd
og dkVwZuksa ds ”kfj, vius vf/dkjksa dk
iz;ksx vkykspuk djus] O;aX; djus rFkk
jktusrkvksa dh xyfr;ksa dks <w¡<us osQ fy,
djs---
& vkj- ds- y{e.k
gky cqjk ugha gS! t+:j ikl ds
fdlh uy ls ikuh vk jgk gksxkA
eSaus mlls NksVh ekyk cukus ds
fy, dgk Fkk--- oks cgqr
nqcys&irys cw<+s O;fDr gSa vkSj
bruh Hkkjh ekyk dk otu l¡Hkky
ugha ik,¡xsA
ljdkj
j,d ns'k dks fofHkUu fu.kZ; ysus ,oa
dke djus osQ fy, ljdkj dh ”k:jr
gksrh gSA ;s fu.kZ; dbZ fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/r gks
ldrs gSa & lM+dsa vkSj Ldwy dgk¡ cuk,
tk,¡] cgqr ”;knk eg¡xh gks tkus ij fdlh
ph”k osQ nke dSls ?kVk, tk,¡ vFkok fctyh
dh vkiwfrZ dks dSls c<+k;k tk,A ljdkj dbZ
lkekftd eqíksa ij Hkh dkjZokbZ djrh gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ljdkj xjhcksa dh enn
vkius ^ljdkj* 'kCn dk f”kØ dbZ ckj lquk gksxkA bl ikB esa vki
;g i<a+sxh fd ljdkj D;k gS vkSj ;g gekjs thou esa fdruh egÙoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA ljdkjsa D;k djrh gSa\ os fu.kZ; dSls ysrh gSa\
vyx&vyx rjg dh ljdkjksa] tSls yksdrkaf=kd ljdkj ,oa jktra=kh;
ljdkj osQ chp D;k varj gS\ pfy,] i<+ dj irk yxkrs gSa ---
ljdkj
D;k gS\
vè;k; 3
Åij nh xbZ v[kckj dh lqf[kZ;ksa dks nsf[k,A
buesa ljdkj osQ ftu dkeksa dh ckr dh tk jgh
gS] mudh lwph cukb,A
1.
2.
3.
4.
D;k ljdkj dk dke cgqr gh foLr`r ugha gS\
vkiosQ vuqlkj ljdkj D;k gS\ d{kk esa bl
ij ppkZ dhft,A
g
32 / lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd thou
djus osQ fy, dbZ dk;ZØe pykrh gSA buosQ
vykok og vU; egÙoiw.kZ dke Hkh djrh
gS] tSls Mkd ,oa jsy lsok,¡ pykukA
ljdkj dk dke ns'k dh lhekvksa dh
lqj{kk djuk vkSj nwljs ns'kksa ls 'kkafriw.kZ laca/
cuk, j[kuk Hkh gSA mldh f”kEesnkjh ;g
lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd ns'k osQ lHkh ukxfjdksa
dks i;kZIr Hkkstu vkSj vPNh LokLF;
lqfo/k,¡ feysaA tc izkÑfrd foink ?ksjrh gS]
tSls lqukeh ;k HkwoaQi] rks eq[; :i ls
ljdkj gh ihfM+r yksxksa dhs lgk;rk djrh gSA
vxj dgha dksbZ fookn gksrk gS ;k dksbZ
vijk/ djrk gS rks yksx U;k;ky; tkrs gSaA
U;k;ky; Hkh ljdkj dk gh vax gSA
'kk;n vkidks ;g tkudj vpjt gks jgk
gksxk fd ljdkj bruk lc dqN dSls dj
ikrh gS vkSj ljdkj osQ fy, bu dkeksa dks
djuk D;ksa ”k:jh gSA tc yksx bd_s jgrs gaS
vkSj dke djrs gSa rks dqN gn rd ,d
O;oLFkk dh ”k:jr gksrh gS ftlls vko';d
fu.kZ; fy, tk ldsaA dqN fu;eksa dh ”k:jr
gksrh gS tks lc ij ykxw gkasA mnkgj.k osQ fy,
lalk/uksa osQ fu;a=k.k vkSj ns'k dh lhek dh
lqj{kk dh ”k:jr gksrh gS rkfd yksx lqjf{kr
eglwl dj ldsaA yksxksa osQ fy, ljdkj dbZ
rjg osQ dke djrh gSA og fu;e cukrh gS]
fu.kZ; ysrh gS vkSj viuh lhek esa jgus okys
yksxksa ij mUgsa ykxw djrh gSA
dqN mnkgj.k tks ljdkj osQ
vax gSa µ loksZPp U;k;ky;]
Hkkjr isVªksfy;e] Hkkjrh; jsy
D;k vki ljdkj osQ ,sls dqN vkSj dkeksa
osQ mnkgj.k ns ldrh gSa ftudh ppkZ
Åij ugha dh xbZ gS\
1.
2.
3.
Page 4


bdkbZ-II
yksdra=k esa ,d dkVwZfuLV dk dke gS fd
og dkVwZuksa ds ”kfj, vius vf/dkjksa dk
iz;ksx vkykspuk djus] O;aX; djus rFkk
jktusrkvksa dh xyfr;ksa dks <w¡<us osQ fy,
djs---
& vkj- ds- y{e.k
gky cqjk ugha gS! t+:j ikl ds
fdlh uy ls ikuh vk jgk gksxkA
eSaus mlls NksVh ekyk cukus ds
fy, dgk Fkk--- oks cgqr
nqcys&irys cw<+s O;fDr gSa vkSj
bruh Hkkjh ekyk dk otu l¡Hkky
ugha ik,¡xsA
ljdkj
j,d ns'k dks fofHkUu fu.kZ; ysus ,oa
dke djus osQ fy, ljdkj dh ”k:jr
gksrh gSA ;s fu.kZ; dbZ fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/r gks
ldrs gSa & lM+dsa vkSj Ldwy dgk¡ cuk,
tk,¡] cgqr ”;knk eg¡xh gks tkus ij fdlh
ph”k osQ nke dSls ?kVk, tk,¡ vFkok fctyh
dh vkiwfrZ dks dSls c<+k;k tk,A ljdkj dbZ
lkekftd eqíksa ij Hkh dkjZokbZ djrh gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ljdkj xjhcksa dh enn
vkius ^ljdkj* 'kCn dk f”kØ dbZ ckj lquk gksxkA bl ikB esa vki
;g i<a+sxh fd ljdkj D;k gS vkSj ;g gekjs thou esa fdruh egÙoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA ljdkjsa D;k djrh gSa\ os fu.kZ; dSls ysrh gSa\
vyx&vyx rjg dh ljdkjksa] tSls yksdrkaf=kd ljdkj ,oa jktra=kh;
ljdkj osQ chp D;k varj gS\ pfy,] i<+ dj irk yxkrs gSa ---
ljdkj
D;k gS\
vè;k; 3
Åij nh xbZ v[kckj dh lqf[kZ;ksa dks nsf[k,A
buesa ljdkj osQ ftu dkeksa dh ckr dh tk jgh
gS] mudh lwph cukb,A
1.
2.
3.
4.
D;k ljdkj dk dke cgqr gh foLr`r ugha gS\
vkiosQ vuqlkj ljdkj D;k gS\ d{kk esa bl
ij ppkZ dhft,A
g
32 / lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd thou
djus osQ fy, dbZ dk;ZØe pykrh gSA buosQ
vykok og vU; egÙoiw.kZ dke Hkh djrh
gS] tSls Mkd ,oa jsy lsok,¡ pykukA
ljdkj dk dke ns'k dh lhekvksa dh
lqj{kk djuk vkSj nwljs ns'kksa ls 'kkafriw.kZ laca/
cuk, j[kuk Hkh gSA mldh f”kEesnkjh ;g
lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd ns'k osQ lHkh ukxfjdksa
dks i;kZIr Hkkstu vkSj vPNh LokLF;
lqfo/k,¡ feysaA tc izkÑfrd foink ?ksjrh gS]
tSls lqukeh ;k HkwoaQi] rks eq[; :i ls
ljdkj gh ihfM+r yksxksa dhs lgk;rk djrh gSA
vxj dgha dksbZ fookn gksrk gS ;k dksbZ
vijk/ djrk gS rks yksx U;k;ky; tkrs gSaA
U;k;ky; Hkh ljdkj dk gh vax gSA
'kk;n vkidks ;g tkudj vpjt gks jgk
gksxk fd ljdkj bruk lc dqN dSls dj
ikrh gS vkSj ljdkj osQ fy, bu dkeksa dks
djuk D;ksa ”k:jh gSA tc yksx bd_s jgrs gaS
vkSj dke djrs gSa rks dqN gn rd ,d
O;oLFkk dh ”k:jr gksrh gS ftlls vko';d
fu.kZ; fy, tk ldsaA dqN fu;eksa dh ”k:jr
gksrh gS tks lc ij ykxw gkasA mnkgj.k osQ fy,
lalk/uksa osQ fu;a=k.k vkSj ns'k dh lhek dh
lqj{kk dh ”k:jr gksrh gS rkfd yksx lqjf{kr
eglwl dj ldsaA yksxksa osQ fy, ljdkj dbZ
rjg osQ dke djrh gSA og fu;e cukrh gS]
fu.kZ; ysrh gS vkSj viuh lhek esa jgus okys
yksxksa ij mUgsa ykxw djrh gSA
dqN mnkgj.k tks ljdkj osQ
vax gSa µ loksZPp U;k;ky;]
Hkkjr isVªksfy;e] Hkkjrh; jsy
D;k vki ljdkj osQ ,sls dqN vkSj dkeksa
osQ mnkgj.k ns ldrh gSa ftudh ppkZ
Åij ugha dh xbZ gS\
1.
2.
3.
ljdkj D;k gS\ / 33
ljdkj osQ Lrj
vc vkidks irk gS fd ljdkj fdruh lkjh
vyx&vyx ph”kksa osQ fy, f”kEesnkj gS rks
D;k vki lksp ldrh gSa fd ljdkj ;s lkjs
bart+ke dSls djrh gksxh\ njvly ljdkj
vyx&vyx Lrjksa ij dke djrh gSµLFkkuh;
Lrj ij] jkT; osQ Lrj ij ,oa jk"Vªh; Lrj
ijA LFkkuh; Lrj dk eryc vkids xk¡o]
'kgj ;k eksgYys ls gSA jkT; Lrj dk eryc
gS tks iwjs jkT; dkss è;ku esa j[ks] tSls gfj;k.kk
;k vle dh ljdkj iwjs jkT; esa dke djrh
gSA jk"Vªh; Lrj dh ljdkj dk laca/ iwjs ns'k
ls gksrk gSA bl fdrkc esa vki vkxs pydj
i<+saxh fd LFkkuh; ljdkj dSls dke djrh
gS vkSj vkxs dh d{kkvksa esa jkT; ,oa jk"Vªh;
Lrj ij ljdkj osQ dkeksa osQ ckjs esa tkusaxhA
fnYyh
jk"Vªh; Lrj
jkT; Lrj
Page 5


bdkbZ-II
yksdra=k esa ,d dkVwZfuLV dk dke gS fd
og dkVwZuksa ds ”kfj, vius vf/dkjksa dk
iz;ksx vkykspuk djus] O;aX; djus rFkk
jktusrkvksa dh xyfr;ksa dks <w¡<us osQ fy,
djs---
& vkj- ds- y{e.k
gky cqjk ugha gS! t+:j ikl ds
fdlh uy ls ikuh vk jgk gksxkA
eSaus mlls NksVh ekyk cukus ds
fy, dgk Fkk--- oks cgqr
nqcys&irys cw<+s O;fDr gSa vkSj
bruh Hkkjh ekyk dk otu l¡Hkky
ugha ik,¡xsA
ljdkj
j,d ns'k dks fofHkUu fu.kZ; ysus ,oa
dke djus osQ fy, ljdkj dh ”k:jr
gksrh gSA ;s fu.kZ; dbZ fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/r gks
ldrs gSa & lM+dsa vkSj Ldwy dgk¡ cuk,
tk,¡] cgqr ”;knk eg¡xh gks tkus ij fdlh
ph”k osQ nke dSls ?kVk, tk,¡ vFkok fctyh
dh vkiwfrZ dks dSls c<+k;k tk,A ljdkj dbZ
lkekftd eqíksa ij Hkh dkjZokbZ djrh gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ljdkj xjhcksa dh enn
vkius ^ljdkj* 'kCn dk f”kØ dbZ ckj lquk gksxkA bl ikB esa vki
;g i<a+sxh fd ljdkj D;k gS vkSj ;g gekjs thou esa fdruh egÙoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA ljdkjsa D;k djrh gSa\ os fu.kZ; dSls ysrh gSa\
vyx&vyx rjg dh ljdkjksa] tSls yksdrkaf=kd ljdkj ,oa jktra=kh;
ljdkj osQ chp D;k varj gS\ pfy,] i<+ dj irk yxkrs gSa ---
ljdkj
D;k gS\
vè;k; 3
Åij nh xbZ v[kckj dh lqf[kZ;ksa dks nsf[k,A
buesa ljdkj osQ ftu dkeksa dh ckr dh tk jgh
gS] mudh lwph cukb,A
1.
2.
3.
4.
D;k ljdkj dk dke cgqr gh foLr`r ugha gS\
vkiosQ vuqlkj ljdkj D;k gS\ d{kk esa bl
ij ppkZ dhft,A
g
32 / lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd thou
djus osQ fy, dbZ dk;ZØe pykrh gSA buosQ
vykok og vU; egÙoiw.kZ dke Hkh djrh
gS] tSls Mkd ,oa jsy lsok,¡ pykukA
ljdkj dk dke ns'k dh lhekvksa dh
lqj{kk djuk vkSj nwljs ns'kksa ls 'kkafriw.kZ laca/
cuk, j[kuk Hkh gSA mldh f”kEesnkjh ;g
lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd ns'k osQ lHkh ukxfjdksa
dks i;kZIr Hkkstu vkSj vPNh LokLF;
lqfo/k,¡ feysaA tc izkÑfrd foink ?ksjrh gS]
tSls lqukeh ;k HkwoaQi] rks eq[; :i ls
ljdkj gh ihfM+r yksxksa dhs lgk;rk djrh gSA
vxj dgha dksbZ fookn gksrk gS ;k dksbZ
vijk/ djrk gS rks yksx U;k;ky; tkrs gSaA
U;k;ky; Hkh ljdkj dk gh vax gSA
'kk;n vkidks ;g tkudj vpjt gks jgk
gksxk fd ljdkj bruk lc dqN dSls dj
ikrh gS vkSj ljdkj osQ fy, bu dkeksa dks
djuk D;ksa ”k:jh gSA tc yksx bd_s jgrs gaS
vkSj dke djrs gSa rks dqN gn rd ,d
O;oLFkk dh ”k:jr gksrh gS ftlls vko';d
fu.kZ; fy, tk ldsaA dqN fu;eksa dh ”k:jr
gksrh gS tks lc ij ykxw gkasA mnkgj.k osQ fy,
lalk/uksa osQ fu;a=k.k vkSj ns'k dh lhek dh
lqj{kk dh ”k:jr gksrh gS rkfd yksx lqjf{kr
eglwl dj ldsaA yksxksa osQ fy, ljdkj dbZ
rjg osQ dke djrh gSA og fu;e cukrh gS]
fu.kZ; ysrh gS vkSj viuh lhek esa jgus okys
yksxksa ij mUgsa ykxw djrh gSA
dqN mnkgj.k tks ljdkj osQ
vax gSa µ loksZPp U;k;ky;]
Hkkjr isVªksfy;e] Hkkjrh; jsy
D;k vki ljdkj osQ ,sls dqN vkSj dkeksa
osQ mnkgj.k ns ldrh gSa ftudh ppkZ
Åij ugha dh xbZ gS\
1.
2.
3.
ljdkj D;k gS\ / 33
ljdkj osQ Lrj
vc vkidks irk gS fd ljdkj fdruh lkjh
vyx&vyx ph”kksa osQ fy, f”kEesnkj gS rks
D;k vki lksp ldrh gSa fd ljdkj ;s lkjs
bart+ke dSls djrh gksxh\ njvly ljdkj
vyx&vyx Lrjksa ij dke djrh gSµLFkkuh;
Lrj ij] jkT; osQ Lrj ij ,oa jk"Vªh; Lrj
ijA LFkkuh; Lrj dk eryc vkids xk¡o]
'kgj ;k eksgYys ls gSA jkT; Lrj dk eryc
gS tks iwjs jkT; dkss è;ku esa j[ks] tSls gfj;k.kk
;k vle dh ljdkj iwjs jkT; esa dke djrh
gSA jk"Vªh; Lrj dh ljdkj dk laca/ iwjs ns'k
ls gksrk gSA bl fdrkc esa vki vkxs pydj
i<+saxh fd LFkkuh; ljdkj dSls dke djrh
gS vkSj vkxs dh d{kkvksa esa jkT; ,oa jk"Vªh;
Lrj ij ljdkj osQ dkeksa osQ ckjs esa tkusaxhA
fnYyh
jk"Vªh; Lrj
jkT; Lrj
34 / lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd thou
f”kyk Lrj
Hkkjrh; ljdkj dk :l osQ lkFk eS=kh laca/
cukus dk fu.kZ;
uhps dh rkfydk esa fn, x, dFkuksa ij u”kj nkSM+kb,A D;k
vki igpku ldrh gSa fd os ljdkj osQ fdl Lrj ls
lacaf/r gSa\ muds vkxs fu'kku yxkb,A
if'pe caxky dh ljdkj dk lkjs ljdkjh Ldwyksa
esa d{kk 8 esa cksMZ dh ijh{kk ysus dk fu.kZ;
xk¡o esa ,d lkoZtfud dq,¡ osQ LFkku dks pquus dk fu.kZ;
gfj;k.kk ljdkj dk lkjs fdlkuksa dks eqÝ
+
r fctyh nsus dk fu.kZ;
LFkkuh; jkT; jk"Vªh;
tEew ,oa Hkqous'oj osQ chp esa ubZ jsy
lsok,¡ 'kq: djus dk fu.kZ;
iVuk esa cPpksa osQ fy, cM+k&lk ikdZ cukus dk fu.kZ;
1000 #i;s dk u;k uksV 'kq: djus dk fu.kZ;
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