PPT: Gears | Theory of Machines (TOM) - Mechanical Engineering PDF Download

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Gears (Higher Pair)
• Type of Gears
• Nomenclature
• Involute Profile
• Gear Construction
• Gear Trains
• Questions and examples
Page 2


Gears (Higher Pair)
• Type of Gears
• Nomenclature
• Involute Profile
• Gear Construction
• Gear Trains
• Questions and examples
Types of Gears
According to the position of axes of the shafts
• Parallel
?Spur
?Helical
?Rack and Pinion
• Intersecting
?Bevel Gear
• Non intersecting
?Worm and worm wheel
Page 3


Gears (Higher Pair)
• Type of Gears
• Nomenclature
• Involute Profile
• Gear Construction
• Gear Trains
• Questions and examples
Types of Gears
According to the position of axes of the shafts
• Parallel
?Spur
?Helical
?Rack and Pinion
• Intersecting
?Bevel Gear
• Non intersecting
?Worm and worm wheel
Spur Gear
• Used in transmitting torque between parallel shafts
• Simplest type of gear
• Teeth are cut parallel to shaft axis
• Easy to manufacture
• If one of the gear has infinite diameter, then 
it is called rack, ( Rack and pinion)
Page 4


Gears (Higher Pair)
• Type of Gears
• Nomenclature
• Involute Profile
• Gear Construction
• Gear Trains
• Questions and examples
Types of Gears
According to the position of axes of the shafts
• Parallel
?Spur
?Helical
?Rack and Pinion
• Intersecting
?Bevel Gear
• Non intersecting
?Worm and worm wheel
Spur Gear
• Used in transmitting torque between parallel shafts
• Simplest type of gear
• Teeth are cut parallel to shaft axis
• Easy to manufacture
• If one of the gear has infinite diameter, then 
it is called rack, ( Rack and pinion)
Helical Gear
• Used in transmitting torque between parallel shafts
• Teeth are cut at an angle with the shaft axis
• Helical gears can be meshed in parallel or crossed orientations.
• The angled teeth engage more gradually than spur gear teeth, 
causing them to run more smoothly and quietly
• Double Helical gear
Page 5


Gears (Higher Pair)
• Type of Gears
• Nomenclature
• Involute Profile
• Gear Construction
• Gear Trains
• Questions and examples
Types of Gears
According to the position of axes of the shafts
• Parallel
?Spur
?Helical
?Rack and Pinion
• Intersecting
?Bevel Gear
• Non intersecting
?Worm and worm wheel
Spur Gear
• Used in transmitting torque between parallel shafts
• Simplest type of gear
• Teeth are cut parallel to shaft axis
• Easy to manufacture
• If one of the gear has infinite diameter, then 
it is called rack, ( Rack and pinion)
Helical Gear
• Used in transmitting torque between parallel shafts
• Teeth are cut at an angle with the shaft axis
• Helical gears can be meshed in parallel or crossed orientations.
• The angled teeth engage more gradually than spur gear teeth, 
causing them to run more smoothly and quietly
• Double Helical gear
Bevel Gears
• Used to transmit rotary motion between intersecting shafts
• Tooth-bearing faces of the gears are conically shaped
• Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 
90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other
angles as well.
• The pitch surface of bevel gears is a cone
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FAQs on PPT: Gears - Theory of Machines (TOM) - Mechanical Engineering

1. What are gears and how do they work?
Ans. Gears are mechanical devices with toothed wheels that transmit power and motion from one part of a machine to another. They work by meshing together, with the teeth of one gear fitting into the gaps between the teeth of another gear. As one gear rotates, it engages with the teeth of the other gear, transferring rotational motion and torque.
2. What are the different types of gears used in mechanical engineering?
Ans. There are several types of gears used in mechanical engineering, including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and planetary gears. Spur gears have straight teeth and are used for parallel shafts, while helical gears have angled teeth and provide smoother operation. Bevel gears are used to transmit power between intersecting shafts, and worm gears are used for high torque applications. Planetary gears consist of a central gear (sun gear) surrounded by several smaller gears (planet gears) and are used in gear systems requiring high reduction ratios.
3. How do gear ratios affect mechanical systems?
Ans. Gear ratios determine the relationship between the rotational speeds and torques of input and output gears. A gear ratio greater than 1 signifies a reduction in speed and an increase in torque, while a gear ratio less than 1 represents an increase in speed and a decrease in torque. Gear ratios are crucial in mechanical systems as they enable the optimization of speed, torque, and power transmission, allowing machines to operate efficiently and effectively.
4. What factors should be considered when selecting gears for a specific application?
Ans. When selecting gears for a specific application, several factors need to be considered. These include the required speed and torque, the desired gear ratio, the type of load the gears will experience (such as constant or intermittent), the level of precision needed, the material and manufacturing process of the gears, and the environmental conditions in which the gears will operate. Proper consideration of these factors ensures that the selected gears can withstand the demands of the application and provide reliable performance.
5. What are some common applications of gears in mechanical engineering?
Ans. Gears find extensive use in various mechanical engineering applications. Some common examples include automotive transmissions, industrial machinery, robotics, power tools, wind turbines, and clock mechanisms. Gears are essential components for transmitting power and motion in these systems, enabling speed control, torque multiplication, direction changes, and synchronization of different components.
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