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NCERT Textbook - तुलसीदास | Hindi Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

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rqylhnkl@33
rqylhnkl
(lu~ 1532&1623)
rqylhnkl dk tUe ck¡nk f”kys osQ jktkiqj xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA oqQN
fo}ku mudk tUe LFkku lksjksa] ,Vk dks Hkh ekurs gSaA  gkyk¡fd
muosQ tUe LFkku osQ ckjs esa fo}kuksa esa erHksn gSaA rqylhnkl dk
cpiu ?kksj d"V esa chrkA ckyiu esa gh mudk ekrk&firk ls
fcNksg gks x;k Fkk vkSj fHk{kkVu }kjk os viuk thou&;kiu djus dks foo'k gq,A dgk tkrk gS] xqjQ
ujgfjnkl dh Ñik ls mUgsa jkeHkfDr dk ekxZ feykA jRukoyh ls mudk fookg gksuk vkSj mudh ckrksa
ls izHkkfor gksdj rqylhnkl dk x`gR;kx djus dh dFkk izfl¼ gS] ¯drq bldk i;kZIr izek.k ugha feyrkA
ikfjokfjd thou ls fojDr gksus osQ ckn os dk'kh] fp=kowQV] v;ksè;k vkfn rhFkks± esa Hkze.k djrs jgsA lu~
1574 esa v;ksè;k esa mUgksaus jkepfjrekul dh jpuk izkjaHk dh] ftldk oqQN va'k mUgksaus dk'kh esa
fy[kkA ckn esa os dk'kh esa jgus yxs Fks vkSj ;gha mudk fuèku gqvkA
rqylhnkl yksdeaxy dh lkèkuk osQ dfo gSaA mUgsa leUo; dk dfo Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
rqylhnkl dk Hkkotxr èkkfeZd] lakLd`frd vkSj lkekftd n`f"V ls cgqr O;kid gSA ekuo&izÑfr
vkSj thou&txr lacaèkh xgjh varjn`f"V vkSj O;kid thoukuqHko osQ dkj.k gh os jkepfjrekul
esa yksdthou osQ fofHkUu i{kksa dk mn~?kkVu dj losQA ekul esa muosQ ân; dh fo'kkyrk] Hkko
izlkj dh 'kfDr vkSj eeZLi'khZ LFkyksa dh igpku dh {kerk iwjs mRd"kZ osQ lkFk O;Dr gqbZ gSA
rqylh dks ekul esa ftu izlaxksa dh vfHkO;fDr dk volj ugha feyk mudks mUgksaus dforkoyh]
xhrkoyh vkfn esa O;Dr fd;k gSA fou;if=kdk esa fou; vkSj vkRe&fuosnu osQ in gSaA bl
izdkj rqylh osQ dkO; esa fo'ocksèk vkSj vkRecksèk dk vf}rh; leUo; gqvk gSA
rqylhnkl dh jpukvksa esa Hkko] fopkj] dkO;:i] Nan&foospu vkSj Hkk"kk dh fofoèkrk
feyrh gSA jkepfjrekul ¯gnh dk loZJs"B egkdkO; ekuk tkrk gSA bldh jpuk eq[;r% nksgk
vkSj pkSikbZ Nan esa gqbZ gSA bldh Hkk"kk voèkh gSA xhrkoyh] Ñ".k xhrkoyh rFkk fou;if=kdk
in 'kSyh dh jpuk,¡ gSa rks nksgkoyh LiqQV nksgksa dk ladyuA dforkoyh dfoÙk vkSj loS;k
Nan esa jfpr mRÑ"V jpuk gSA
2024-25
Page 2


rqylhnkl@33
rqylhnkl
(lu~ 1532&1623)
rqylhnkl dk tUe ck¡nk f”kys osQ jktkiqj xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA oqQN
fo}ku mudk tUe LFkku lksjksa] ,Vk dks Hkh ekurs gSaA  gkyk¡fd
muosQ tUe LFkku osQ ckjs esa fo}kuksa esa erHksn gSaA rqylhnkl dk
cpiu ?kksj d"V esa chrkA ckyiu esa gh mudk ekrk&firk ls
fcNksg gks x;k Fkk vkSj fHk{kkVu }kjk os viuk thou&;kiu djus dks foo'k gq,A dgk tkrk gS] xqjQ
ujgfjnkl dh Ñik ls mUgsa jkeHkfDr dk ekxZ feykA jRukoyh ls mudk fookg gksuk vkSj mudh ckrksa
ls izHkkfor gksdj rqylhnkl dk x`gR;kx djus dh dFkk izfl¼ gS] ¯drq bldk i;kZIr izek.k ugha feyrkA
ikfjokfjd thou ls fojDr gksus osQ ckn os dk'kh] fp=kowQV] v;ksè;k vkfn rhFkks± esa Hkze.k djrs jgsA lu~
1574 esa v;ksè;k esa mUgksaus jkepfjrekul dh jpuk izkjaHk dh] ftldk oqQN va'k mUgksaus dk'kh esa
fy[kkA ckn esa os dk'kh esa jgus yxs Fks vkSj ;gha mudk fuèku gqvkA
rqylhnkl yksdeaxy dh lkèkuk osQ dfo gSaA mUgsa leUo; dk dfo Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
rqylhnkl dk Hkkotxr èkkfeZd] lakLd`frd vkSj lkekftd n`f"V ls cgqr O;kid gSA ekuo&izÑfr
vkSj thou&txr lacaèkh xgjh varjn`f"V vkSj O;kid thoukuqHko osQ dkj.k gh os jkepfjrekul
esa yksdthou osQ fofHkUu i{kksa dk mn~?kkVu dj losQA ekul esa muosQ ân; dh fo'kkyrk] Hkko
izlkj dh 'kfDr vkSj eeZLi'khZ LFkyksa dh igpku dh {kerk iwjs mRd"kZ osQ lkFk O;Dr gqbZ gSA
rqylh dks ekul esa ftu izlaxksa dh vfHkO;fDr dk volj ugha feyk mudks mUgksaus dforkoyh]
xhrkoyh vkfn esa O;Dr fd;k gSA fou;if=kdk esa fou; vkSj vkRe&fuosnu osQ in gSaA bl
izdkj rqylh osQ dkO; esa fo'ocksèk vkSj vkRecksèk dk vf}rh; leUo; gqvk gSA
rqylhnkl dh jpukvksa esa Hkko] fopkj] dkO;:i] Nan&foospu vkSj Hkk"kk dh fofoèkrk
feyrh gSA jkepfjrekul ¯gnh dk loZJs"B egkdkO; ekuk tkrk gSA bldh jpuk eq[;r% nksgk
vkSj pkSikbZ Nan esa gqbZ gSA bldh Hkk"kk voèkh gSA xhrkoyh] Ñ".k xhrkoyh rFkk fou;if=kdk
in 'kSyh dh jpuk,¡ gSa rks nksgkoyh LiqQV nksgksa dk ladyuA dforkoyh dfoÙk vkSj loS;k
Nan esa jfpr mRÑ"V jpuk gSA
2024-25
34@varjk
czt vkSj voèkh nksuksa gh Hkk"kkvksa ij rqylh dk vlkèkkj.k vfèkdkj FkkA rqylhÑr ckjg
Ñfr;k¡ izkekf.kd ekuh tkrh gSa ijarq jkepfjrekul] dforkoyh] xhrkoyh vkSj fou;if=kdk
gh mudh [;kfr osQ vkèkkj gSaA
ikB~;iqLrd esa izLrqr pkSikbZ vkSj nksgksa dks jkepfjrekul osQ v;ksè;k dkaM ls fy;k x;k
gSA bu Nanksa esa jke ouxeu osQ i'pkr~ Hkjr dh euksn'kk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA Hkjr Hkkoqd
ân; ls crkrs gSa fd jke dk muosQ izfr vR;fèkd izseHkko gSA os cpiu ls gh Hkjr dks [ksy
esa Hkh lg;ksx nsrs jgrs Fks vkSj mudk eu dHkh ugha rksM+rs FksA os dgrs gSa fd bl izseHkko
dks HkkX; lgu ugha dj ldk vkSj ekrk osQ :i esa mlus O;oèkku mifLFkr dj fn;kA jke
osQ ou xeu ls vU; ekrk,¡ vkSj v;ksè;k osQ lHkh uxjoklh vR;ar nq[kh gSaA
bl ikB osQ vxys va'k esa xhrkoyh osQ nks in fn, x, gSa ftuesa ls izFke in esa jke
osQ ouxeu osQ ckn ekrk dkS'kY;k osQ ân; dh fojg osnuk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA os
jke dh oLrqvksa dks ns[kdj mudk Lej.k djrh gSa vkSj cgqr nq[kh gks tkrh gSaA nwljs in
esa ek¡ dkS'kY;k jke osQ fo;ksx esa nq[kh v'oksa dks ns[kdj jke ls ,d ckj iqu% v;ksè;kiqjh
vkus dk fuosnu djrh gSaA
2024-25
Page 3


rqylhnkl@33
rqylhnkl
(lu~ 1532&1623)
rqylhnkl dk tUe ck¡nk f”kys osQ jktkiqj xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA oqQN
fo}ku mudk tUe LFkku lksjksa] ,Vk dks Hkh ekurs gSaA  gkyk¡fd
muosQ tUe LFkku osQ ckjs esa fo}kuksa esa erHksn gSaA rqylhnkl dk
cpiu ?kksj d"V esa chrkA ckyiu esa gh mudk ekrk&firk ls
fcNksg gks x;k Fkk vkSj fHk{kkVu }kjk os viuk thou&;kiu djus dks foo'k gq,A dgk tkrk gS] xqjQ
ujgfjnkl dh Ñik ls mUgsa jkeHkfDr dk ekxZ feykA jRukoyh ls mudk fookg gksuk vkSj mudh ckrksa
ls izHkkfor gksdj rqylhnkl dk x`gR;kx djus dh dFkk izfl¼ gS] ¯drq bldk i;kZIr izek.k ugha feyrkA
ikfjokfjd thou ls fojDr gksus osQ ckn os dk'kh] fp=kowQV] v;ksè;k vkfn rhFkks± esa Hkze.k djrs jgsA lu~
1574 esa v;ksè;k esa mUgksaus jkepfjrekul dh jpuk izkjaHk dh] ftldk oqQN va'k mUgksaus dk'kh esa
fy[kkA ckn esa os dk'kh esa jgus yxs Fks vkSj ;gha mudk fuèku gqvkA
rqylhnkl yksdeaxy dh lkèkuk osQ dfo gSaA mUgsa leUo; dk dfo Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
rqylhnkl dk Hkkotxr èkkfeZd] lakLd`frd vkSj lkekftd n`f"V ls cgqr O;kid gSA ekuo&izÑfr
vkSj thou&txr lacaèkh xgjh varjn`f"V vkSj O;kid thoukuqHko osQ dkj.k gh os jkepfjrekul
esa yksdthou osQ fofHkUu i{kksa dk mn~?kkVu dj losQA ekul esa muosQ ân; dh fo'kkyrk] Hkko
izlkj dh 'kfDr vkSj eeZLi'khZ LFkyksa dh igpku dh {kerk iwjs mRd"kZ osQ lkFk O;Dr gqbZ gSA
rqylh dks ekul esa ftu izlaxksa dh vfHkO;fDr dk volj ugha feyk mudks mUgksaus dforkoyh]
xhrkoyh vkfn esa O;Dr fd;k gSA fou;if=kdk esa fou; vkSj vkRe&fuosnu osQ in gSaA bl
izdkj rqylh osQ dkO; esa fo'ocksèk vkSj vkRecksèk dk vf}rh; leUo; gqvk gSA
rqylhnkl dh jpukvksa esa Hkko] fopkj] dkO;:i] Nan&foospu vkSj Hkk"kk dh fofoèkrk
feyrh gSA jkepfjrekul ¯gnh dk loZJs"B egkdkO; ekuk tkrk gSA bldh jpuk eq[;r% nksgk
vkSj pkSikbZ Nan esa gqbZ gSA bldh Hkk"kk voèkh gSA xhrkoyh] Ñ".k xhrkoyh rFkk fou;if=kdk
in 'kSyh dh jpuk,¡ gSa rks nksgkoyh LiqQV nksgksa dk ladyuA dforkoyh dfoÙk vkSj loS;k
Nan esa jfpr mRÑ"V jpuk gSA
2024-25
34@varjk
czt vkSj voèkh nksuksa gh Hkk"kkvksa ij rqylh dk vlkèkkj.k vfèkdkj FkkA rqylhÑr ckjg
Ñfr;k¡ izkekf.kd ekuh tkrh gSa ijarq jkepfjrekul] dforkoyh] xhrkoyh vkSj fou;if=kdk
gh mudh [;kfr osQ vkèkkj gSaA
ikB~;iqLrd esa izLrqr pkSikbZ vkSj nksgksa dks jkepfjrekul osQ v;ksè;k dkaM ls fy;k x;k
gSA bu Nanksa esa jke ouxeu osQ i'pkr~ Hkjr dh euksn'kk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA Hkjr Hkkoqd
ân; ls crkrs gSa fd jke dk muosQ izfr vR;fèkd izseHkko gSA os cpiu ls gh Hkjr dks [ksy
esa Hkh lg;ksx nsrs jgrs Fks vkSj mudk eu dHkh ugha rksM+rs FksA os dgrs gSa fd bl izseHkko
dks HkkX; lgu ugha dj ldk vkSj ekrk osQ :i esa mlus O;oèkku mifLFkr dj fn;kA jke
osQ ou xeu ls vU; ekrk,¡ vkSj v;ksè;k osQ lHkh uxjoklh vR;ar nq[kh gSaA
bl ikB osQ vxys va'k esa xhrkoyh osQ nks in fn, x, gSa ftuesa ls izFke in esa jke
osQ ouxeu osQ ckn ekrk dkS'kY;k osQ ân; dh fojg osnuk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA os
jke dh oLrqvksa dks ns[kdj mudk Lej.k djrh gSa vkSj cgqr nq[kh gks tkrh gSaA nwljs in
esa ek¡ dkS'kY;k jke osQ fo;ksx esa nq[kh v'oksa dks ns[kdj jke ls ,d ckj iqu% v;ksè;kiqjh
vkus dk fuosnu djrh gSaA
2024-25
rqylhnkl@35
Hkjr&jke dk izse
iqyfd ljhj lHkk¡ Hk, Bk<+sA
dgc eksj eqfuukFk fuckgkA
eSa tkum¡ fut ukFk lqHkkmQA
eks ij Ñik lusgq fcls[khA
fllqiu rsa ifjgjsm¡ u laxwA
eSa izHkq Ñik jhfr ft;¡ tksghA
uhjt u;u usg ty ck<+s AA
,fg rsa vfèkd dgkSa eSa dkgkAA
vijkfèkgq ij dksg u dkmQAA
[ksyr [kqful u dcgw¡ ns[khAA
dcgq¡ u dhUg eksj eu HkaxwAA
gkjsagw¡ [ksy ftrko¯g eksaghAA
egw¡ lusg ldksp cl lueq[k dgh u cSuA
njlu r`fir u vktq yfx ise fivkls uSuAA
fcfèk u losQm lfg eksj nqykjkA
;gm dgr eksfg vktq u lksHkkA
ekrq eafn eSa lkèkq lqpkyhA
iQjb fd dksno ckfy lqlkyhA
liusg¡q nksloQ yslq u dkgwA
fcuq leq>sa fut v?k ifjikowQA
ân;¡ gsfj gkjsm¡ lc vksjkA
xqj xkslkb¡ lkfgc fl; jkewA
uhp chpq tuuh fel ikjkAA
viuh leqf> lkèkq lqfp dks HkkAA
mj vl vkur dksfV oqQpkyhAA
eqoQrk izlo fd lacqd dkyhAA
eksj vHkkx mnfèk voxkgwAA
tkfjm¡ tk;¡ tufu dfg dkowQAA
,dfg Hkk¡fr Hkysafg Hky eksjkAA
ykxr eksfg uhd ifjukewAA
lkèkq lHkk¡ xqj izHkq fudV dgm¡ lqFky lfr HkkmA
izse iziapq fd >wB iqQj tku¯g eqfu j?kqjkmAA
2024-25
Page 4


rqylhnkl@33
rqylhnkl
(lu~ 1532&1623)
rqylhnkl dk tUe ck¡nk f”kys osQ jktkiqj xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA oqQN
fo}ku mudk tUe LFkku lksjksa] ,Vk dks Hkh ekurs gSaA  gkyk¡fd
muosQ tUe LFkku osQ ckjs esa fo}kuksa esa erHksn gSaA rqylhnkl dk
cpiu ?kksj d"V esa chrkA ckyiu esa gh mudk ekrk&firk ls
fcNksg gks x;k Fkk vkSj fHk{kkVu }kjk os viuk thou&;kiu djus dks foo'k gq,A dgk tkrk gS] xqjQ
ujgfjnkl dh Ñik ls mUgsa jkeHkfDr dk ekxZ feykA jRukoyh ls mudk fookg gksuk vkSj mudh ckrksa
ls izHkkfor gksdj rqylhnkl dk x`gR;kx djus dh dFkk izfl¼ gS] ¯drq bldk i;kZIr izek.k ugha feyrkA
ikfjokfjd thou ls fojDr gksus osQ ckn os dk'kh] fp=kowQV] v;ksè;k vkfn rhFkks± esa Hkze.k djrs jgsA lu~
1574 esa v;ksè;k esa mUgksaus jkepfjrekul dh jpuk izkjaHk dh] ftldk oqQN va'k mUgksaus dk'kh esa
fy[kkA ckn esa os dk'kh esa jgus yxs Fks vkSj ;gha mudk fuèku gqvkA
rqylhnkl yksdeaxy dh lkèkuk osQ dfo gSaA mUgsa leUo; dk dfo Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
rqylhnkl dk Hkkotxr èkkfeZd] lakLd`frd vkSj lkekftd n`f"V ls cgqr O;kid gSA ekuo&izÑfr
vkSj thou&txr lacaèkh xgjh varjn`f"V vkSj O;kid thoukuqHko osQ dkj.k gh os jkepfjrekul
esa yksdthou osQ fofHkUu i{kksa dk mn~?kkVu dj losQA ekul esa muosQ ân; dh fo'kkyrk] Hkko
izlkj dh 'kfDr vkSj eeZLi'khZ LFkyksa dh igpku dh {kerk iwjs mRd"kZ osQ lkFk O;Dr gqbZ gSA
rqylh dks ekul esa ftu izlaxksa dh vfHkO;fDr dk volj ugha feyk mudks mUgksaus dforkoyh]
xhrkoyh vkfn esa O;Dr fd;k gSA fou;if=kdk esa fou; vkSj vkRe&fuosnu osQ in gSaA bl
izdkj rqylh osQ dkO; esa fo'ocksèk vkSj vkRecksèk dk vf}rh; leUo; gqvk gSA
rqylhnkl dh jpukvksa esa Hkko] fopkj] dkO;:i] Nan&foospu vkSj Hkk"kk dh fofoèkrk
feyrh gSA jkepfjrekul ¯gnh dk loZJs"B egkdkO; ekuk tkrk gSA bldh jpuk eq[;r% nksgk
vkSj pkSikbZ Nan esa gqbZ gSA bldh Hkk"kk voèkh gSA xhrkoyh] Ñ".k xhrkoyh rFkk fou;if=kdk
in 'kSyh dh jpuk,¡ gSa rks nksgkoyh LiqQV nksgksa dk ladyuA dforkoyh dfoÙk vkSj loS;k
Nan esa jfpr mRÑ"V jpuk gSA
2024-25
34@varjk
czt vkSj voèkh nksuksa gh Hkk"kkvksa ij rqylh dk vlkèkkj.k vfèkdkj FkkA rqylhÑr ckjg
Ñfr;k¡ izkekf.kd ekuh tkrh gSa ijarq jkepfjrekul] dforkoyh] xhrkoyh vkSj fou;if=kdk
gh mudh [;kfr osQ vkèkkj gSaA
ikB~;iqLrd esa izLrqr pkSikbZ vkSj nksgksa dks jkepfjrekul osQ v;ksè;k dkaM ls fy;k x;k
gSA bu Nanksa esa jke ouxeu osQ i'pkr~ Hkjr dh euksn'kk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA Hkjr Hkkoqd
ân; ls crkrs gSa fd jke dk muosQ izfr vR;fèkd izseHkko gSA os cpiu ls gh Hkjr dks [ksy
esa Hkh lg;ksx nsrs jgrs Fks vkSj mudk eu dHkh ugha rksM+rs FksA os dgrs gSa fd bl izseHkko
dks HkkX; lgu ugha dj ldk vkSj ekrk osQ :i esa mlus O;oèkku mifLFkr dj fn;kA jke
osQ ou xeu ls vU; ekrk,¡ vkSj v;ksè;k osQ lHkh uxjoklh vR;ar nq[kh gSaA
bl ikB osQ vxys va'k esa xhrkoyh osQ nks in fn, x, gSa ftuesa ls izFke in esa jke
osQ ouxeu osQ ckn ekrk dkS'kY;k osQ ân; dh fojg osnuk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA os
jke dh oLrqvksa dks ns[kdj mudk Lej.k djrh gSa vkSj cgqr nq[kh gks tkrh gSaA nwljs in
esa ek¡ dkS'kY;k jke osQ fo;ksx esa nq[kh v'oksa dks ns[kdj jke ls ,d ckj iqu% v;ksè;kiqjh
vkus dk fuosnu djrh gSaA
2024-25
rqylhnkl@35
Hkjr&jke dk izse
iqyfd ljhj lHkk¡ Hk, Bk<+sA
dgc eksj eqfuukFk fuckgkA
eSa tkum¡ fut ukFk lqHkkmQA
eks ij Ñik lusgq fcls[khA
fllqiu rsa ifjgjsm¡ u laxwA
eSa izHkq Ñik jhfr ft;¡ tksghA
uhjt u;u usg ty ck<+s AA
,fg rsa vfèkd dgkSa eSa dkgkAA
vijkfèkgq ij dksg u dkmQAA
[ksyr [kqful u dcgw¡ ns[khAA
dcgq¡ u dhUg eksj eu HkaxwAA
gkjsagw¡ [ksy ftrko¯g eksaghAA
egw¡ lusg ldksp cl lueq[k dgh u cSuA
njlu r`fir u vktq yfx ise fivkls uSuAA
fcfèk u losQm lfg eksj nqykjkA
;gm dgr eksfg vktq u lksHkkA
ekrq eafn eSa lkèkq lqpkyhA
iQjb fd dksno ckfy lqlkyhA
liusg¡q nksloQ yslq u dkgwA
fcuq leq>sa fut v?k ifjikowQA
ân;¡ gsfj gkjsm¡ lc vksjkA
xqj xkslkb¡ lkfgc fl; jkewA
uhp chpq tuuh fel ikjkAA
viuh leqf> lkèkq lqfp dks HkkAA
mj vl vkur dksfV oqQpkyhAA
eqoQrk izlo fd lacqd dkyhAA
eksj vHkkx mnfèk voxkgwAA
tkfjm¡ tk;¡ tufu dfg dkowQAA
,dfg Hkk¡fr Hkysafg Hky eksjkAA
ykxr eksfg uhd ifjukewAA
lkèkq lHkk¡ xqj izHkq fudV dgm¡ lqFky lfr HkkmA
izse iziapq fd >wB iqQj tku¯g eqfu j?kqjkmAA
2024-25
36@varjk
rsb j?kquanuq y[kuq fl; vufgr ykxs tkfgA
rklq ru; rft nqlg nq[k nSm lgkob dkfgAA
µjkepfjrekul ls
in
(1)
tuuh fuj[kfr cku èkuqfg;k¡A
ckj ckj mj uSufu ykofr izHkqtw dh yfyr iufg;k¡AA
dcgq¡ izFke T;ksa tkb txkofr dfg fiz; cpu lokjsA
¶mBgq rkr! cfy ekrq cnu ij] vuqt l[kk lc }kjs¸AA
dcgq¡ dgfr ;ksa ¶cM+h ckj Hkb tkgq Hkwi ig¡] HkS;kA
caèkq cksfy tsab; tks HkkoS xbZ fuNkofj eS;k¸
dcgq¡ leqf> ouxeu jke dks jfg pfd fp=kfy[kh lhA
rqylhnkl og le; dgs rsa ykxfr izhfr fl[kh lhAA
Hkwifr eju ise iuq jk[khA
nsf[k u tk¯g fcdy egrkjhaA
egha ldy vujFk dj ewykA
lqfu cu xouq dhUg j?kqukFkkA
fcu ikufgUg i;knsfg ik,¡A
cgqfj fugkfj fu"kkn lusgwA
vc lcq vk¡f[kUg ns[ksm¡ vkbZA
ftUgfg fujf[k ex lk¡fifu chNhA
tuuh oqQefr txrq lcq lk[khAA
tj¯g nqlg tj iqj uj ukjhaAA
lks lqfu leqf> lfgm¡ lc lwykAA
dfj eqfu cs"k y[ku fl; lkFkkAA
lad# lkf[k jgsm¡ ,sfg ?kk,¡AA
oqQfyl dfBu mj Hk;m u csgwAA
ftvr tho tM+ lcb lgkbZAA
rt¯g fc"ke fc"kq rkil rhNhAA
2024-25
Page 5


rqylhnkl@33
rqylhnkl
(lu~ 1532&1623)
rqylhnkl dk tUe ck¡nk f”kys osQ jktkiqj xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA oqQN
fo}ku mudk tUe LFkku lksjksa] ,Vk dks Hkh ekurs gSaA  gkyk¡fd
muosQ tUe LFkku osQ ckjs esa fo}kuksa esa erHksn gSaA rqylhnkl dk
cpiu ?kksj d"V esa chrkA ckyiu esa gh mudk ekrk&firk ls
fcNksg gks x;k Fkk vkSj fHk{kkVu }kjk os viuk thou&;kiu djus dks foo'k gq,A dgk tkrk gS] xqjQ
ujgfjnkl dh Ñik ls mUgsa jkeHkfDr dk ekxZ feykA jRukoyh ls mudk fookg gksuk vkSj mudh ckrksa
ls izHkkfor gksdj rqylhnkl dk x`gR;kx djus dh dFkk izfl¼ gS] ¯drq bldk i;kZIr izek.k ugha feyrkA
ikfjokfjd thou ls fojDr gksus osQ ckn os dk'kh] fp=kowQV] v;ksè;k vkfn rhFkks± esa Hkze.k djrs jgsA lu~
1574 esa v;ksè;k esa mUgksaus jkepfjrekul dh jpuk izkjaHk dh] ftldk oqQN va'k mUgksaus dk'kh esa
fy[kkA ckn esa os dk'kh esa jgus yxs Fks vkSj ;gha mudk fuèku gqvkA
rqylhnkl yksdeaxy dh lkèkuk osQ dfo gSaA mUgsa leUo; dk dfo Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
rqylhnkl dk Hkkotxr èkkfeZd] lakLd`frd vkSj lkekftd n`f"V ls cgqr O;kid gSA ekuo&izÑfr
vkSj thou&txr lacaèkh xgjh varjn`f"V vkSj O;kid thoukuqHko osQ dkj.k gh os jkepfjrekul
esa yksdthou osQ fofHkUu i{kksa dk mn~?kkVu dj losQA ekul esa muosQ ân; dh fo'kkyrk] Hkko
izlkj dh 'kfDr vkSj eeZLi'khZ LFkyksa dh igpku dh {kerk iwjs mRd"kZ osQ lkFk O;Dr gqbZ gSA
rqylh dks ekul esa ftu izlaxksa dh vfHkO;fDr dk volj ugha feyk mudks mUgksaus dforkoyh]
xhrkoyh vkfn esa O;Dr fd;k gSA fou;if=kdk esa fou; vkSj vkRe&fuosnu osQ in gSaA bl
izdkj rqylh osQ dkO; esa fo'ocksèk vkSj vkRecksèk dk vf}rh; leUo; gqvk gSA
rqylhnkl dh jpukvksa esa Hkko] fopkj] dkO;:i] Nan&foospu vkSj Hkk"kk dh fofoèkrk
feyrh gSA jkepfjrekul ¯gnh dk loZJs"B egkdkO; ekuk tkrk gSA bldh jpuk eq[;r% nksgk
vkSj pkSikbZ Nan esa gqbZ gSA bldh Hkk"kk voèkh gSA xhrkoyh] Ñ".k xhrkoyh rFkk fou;if=kdk
in 'kSyh dh jpuk,¡ gSa rks nksgkoyh LiqQV nksgksa dk ladyuA dforkoyh dfoÙk vkSj loS;k
Nan esa jfpr mRÑ"V jpuk gSA
2024-25
34@varjk
czt vkSj voèkh nksuksa gh Hkk"kkvksa ij rqylh dk vlkèkkj.k vfèkdkj FkkA rqylhÑr ckjg
Ñfr;k¡ izkekf.kd ekuh tkrh gSa ijarq jkepfjrekul] dforkoyh] xhrkoyh vkSj fou;if=kdk
gh mudh [;kfr osQ vkèkkj gSaA
ikB~;iqLrd esa izLrqr pkSikbZ vkSj nksgksa dks jkepfjrekul osQ v;ksè;k dkaM ls fy;k x;k
gSA bu Nanksa esa jke ouxeu osQ i'pkr~ Hkjr dh euksn'kk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA Hkjr Hkkoqd
ân; ls crkrs gSa fd jke dk muosQ izfr vR;fèkd izseHkko gSA os cpiu ls gh Hkjr dks [ksy
esa Hkh lg;ksx nsrs jgrs Fks vkSj mudk eu dHkh ugha rksM+rs FksA os dgrs gSa fd bl izseHkko
dks HkkX; lgu ugha dj ldk vkSj ekrk osQ :i esa mlus O;oèkku mifLFkr dj fn;kA jke
osQ ou xeu ls vU; ekrk,¡ vkSj v;ksè;k osQ lHkh uxjoklh vR;ar nq[kh gSaA
bl ikB osQ vxys va'k esa xhrkoyh osQ nks in fn, x, gSa ftuesa ls izFke in esa jke
osQ ouxeu osQ ckn ekrk dkS'kY;k osQ ân; dh fojg osnuk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA os
jke dh oLrqvksa dks ns[kdj mudk Lej.k djrh gSa vkSj cgqr nq[kh gks tkrh gSaA nwljs in
esa ek¡ dkS'kY;k jke osQ fo;ksx esa nq[kh v'oksa dks ns[kdj jke ls ,d ckj iqu% v;ksè;kiqjh
vkus dk fuosnu djrh gSaA
2024-25
rqylhnkl@35
Hkjr&jke dk izse
iqyfd ljhj lHkk¡ Hk, Bk<+sA
dgc eksj eqfuukFk fuckgkA
eSa tkum¡ fut ukFk lqHkkmQA
eks ij Ñik lusgq fcls[khA
fllqiu rsa ifjgjsm¡ u laxwA
eSa izHkq Ñik jhfr ft;¡ tksghA
uhjt u;u usg ty ck<+s AA
,fg rsa vfèkd dgkSa eSa dkgkAA
vijkfèkgq ij dksg u dkmQAA
[ksyr [kqful u dcgw¡ ns[khAA
dcgq¡ u dhUg eksj eu HkaxwAA
gkjsagw¡ [ksy ftrko¯g eksaghAA
egw¡ lusg ldksp cl lueq[k dgh u cSuA
njlu r`fir u vktq yfx ise fivkls uSuAA
fcfèk u losQm lfg eksj nqykjkA
;gm dgr eksfg vktq u lksHkkA
ekrq eafn eSa lkèkq lqpkyhA
iQjb fd dksno ckfy lqlkyhA
liusg¡q nksloQ yslq u dkgwA
fcuq leq>sa fut v?k ifjikowQA
ân;¡ gsfj gkjsm¡ lc vksjkA
xqj xkslkb¡ lkfgc fl; jkewA
uhp chpq tuuh fel ikjkAA
viuh leqf> lkèkq lqfp dks HkkAA
mj vl vkur dksfV oqQpkyhAA
eqoQrk izlo fd lacqd dkyhAA
eksj vHkkx mnfèk voxkgwAA
tkfjm¡ tk;¡ tufu dfg dkowQAA
,dfg Hkk¡fr Hkysafg Hky eksjkAA
ykxr eksfg uhd ifjukewAA
lkèkq lHkk¡ xqj izHkq fudV dgm¡ lqFky lfr HkkmA
izse iziapq fd >wB iqQj tku¯g eqfu j?kqjkmAA
2024-25
36@varjk
rsb j?kquanuq y[kuq fl; vufgr ykxs tkfgA
rklq ru; rft nqlg nq[k nSm lgkob dkfgAA
µjkepfjrekul ls
in
(1)
tuuh fuj[kfr cku èkuqfg;k¡A
ckj ckj mj uSufu ykofr izHkqtw dh yfyr iufg;k¡AA
dcgq¡ izFke T;ksa tkb txkofr dfg fiz; cpu lokjsA
¶mBgq rkr! cfy ekrq cnu ij] vuqt l[kk lc }kjs¸AA
dcgq¡ dgfr ;ksa ¶cM+h ckj Hkb tkgq Hkwi ig¡] HkS;kA
caèkq cksfy tsab; tks HkkoS xbZ fuNkofj eS;k¸
dcgq¡ leqf> ouxeu jke dks jfg pfd fp=kfy[kh lhA
rqylhnkl og le; dgs rsa ykxfr izhfr fl[kh lhAA
Hkwifr eju ise iuq jk[khA
nsf[k u tk¯g fcdy egrkjhaA
egha ldy vujFk dj ewykA
lqfu cu xouq dhUg j?kqukFkkA
fcu ikufgUg i;knsfg ik,¡A
cgqfj fugkfj fu"kkn lusgwA
vc lcq vk¡f[kUg ns[ksm¡ vkbZA
ftUgfg fujf[k ex lk¡fifu chNhA
tuuh oqQefr txrq lcq lk[khAA
tj¯g nqlg tj iqj uj ukjhaAA
lks lqfu leqf> lfgm¡ lc lwykAA
dfj eqfu cs"k y[ku fl; lkFkkAA
lad# lkf[k jgsm¡ ,sfg ?kk,¡AA
oqQfyl dfBu mj Hk;m u csgwAA
ftvr tho tM+ lcb lgkbZAA
rt¯g fc"ke fc"kq rkil rhNhAA
2024-25
rqylhnkl@37
(2)
jk?kkS! ,d ckj fiQfj vkokSA
, cj ckft fcyksfd vkius cgqjks cu¯g flèkkokSAA
ts i; I;kb iksf[k dj&iadt okj okj pqpqdkjsA
D;ksa tho¯g] esjs jke ykfMys! rs vc fuiV fclkjsAA
Hkjr lkSxquh lkj djr gaS vfr fiz; tkfu frgkjsA
rnfi fnu¯g fnu gksr >k¡ojs eugq¡ dey fgeekjsAA
lqugq ifFkd! tks jke fey¯g cu dfg;ks ekrq lanslksA
rqylh eks¯g vkSj lcfgu rsa bUgdks cM+ks vanslksAA
µxhrkoyh ls
iz'u&vH;kl
Hkjr&jke dk izse
1- ^gkjsagq [ksy ftrko¯g eksgh* Hkjr osQ bl dFku dk D;k vk'k; gS\
2- ^eSa tkum¡ fut ukFk lqHkkmQA* esa jke osQ LoHkko dh fdu fo'ks"krkvksa dh vksj laosQr fd;k
x;k gS\
3- jke osQ izfr vius J¼kHkko dks Hkjr fdl izdkj izdV djrs gSa] Li"V dhft,A
4- ^egha ldy vujFk dj ewyk* iafDr }kjk Hkjr osQ fopkjksa&Hkkoksa dk Li"Vhdj.k dhft,A
5- ^iQjb fd dksno ckfy lqlkyhA eqoQrk izlo fd lacqd dkyh*A iafDr esa fNis Hkko vkSj f'kYi
lkSan;Z dks Li"V dhft,A
in
1- jke osQ ou&xeu osQ ckn mudh oLrqvksa dks ns[kdj ek¡ dkS'kY;k oSQlk vuqHko djrh gaS\ vius
'kCnksa esa o.kZu dhft,A
2- ^jfg pfd fp=kfy[kh lh* iafDr dk eeZ vius 'kCnksa esa Li"V dhft,A
3- xhrkoyh ls ladfyr in ^jk?kkS ,d ckj fiQfj vkokS* esa fufgr d#.kk vkSj lans'k dks vius 'kCnksa
esa Li"V dhft,A
4- (d) miek vyadkj osQ nks mnkgj.k Nk¡fV,A
([k) mRizs{kk vyadkj dk iz;ksx dgk¡ vkSj D;ksa fd;k x;k gS\ mnkgj.k lfgr mYys[k dhft,A
5- ifBr inksa osQ vkèkkj ij fl¼ dhft, fd rqylhnkl dk Hkk"kk ij iwjk vfèkdkj Fkk\
2024-25
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