Notes: Growth of Urban settlements in India | Sociology Mains Optional for UPSC 2024 PDF Download

 Page 1


C-3 
 
Industrialization and Urbanisation in India: 
• Evolution of modern industry in India. 
• Growth of urban settlements in India. 
• Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization. 
• Informal sector, child labour. 
• Slums and deprivation in urban areas. 
 
 
Growth of Urban Settlements in India 
Settlement is a cluster of dwellings where pop of society reside 
• Prehistoric – Mohenjodaro , Harappa 
• Historic – Pataliputra , Vaishali , Kanauj etc. 
• Medieval 
• Political and military towns – which were agri surplus 
• Trading and manufacturing towns – termed as nagar 
• Education and Temple towns – Nalanda , Dwarka ,Puri 
 
Features : 
1. Political , Demographic  & spatial features 
2. Economic 
3. Religious and socio – cultural : agra , delhi , lucknow , hyderabad 
  
Colonial – ports cum trading centres developed 
 
Post independence – mixed character , centres of trade and commerce , core areas of old 
inhabitants (Srinivas) and on its fringe , new immigrants. E.g. Mumbai , Kolkata etc. 
 
Currently – overcrowding , increased pop density, increased slums pop , over urbanization. 
Page 2


C-3 
 
Industrialization and Urbanisation in India: 
• Evolution of modern industry in India. 
• Growth of urban settlements in India. 
• Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization. 
• Informal sector, child labour. 
• Slums and deprivation in urban areas. 
 
 
Growth of Urban Settlements in India 
Settlement is a cluster of dwellings where pop of society reside 
• Prehistoric – Mohenjodaro , Harappa 
• Historic – Pataliputra , Vaishali , Kanauj etc. 
• Medieval 
• Political and military towns – which were agri surplus 
• Trading and manufacturing towns – termed as nagar 
• Education and Temple towns – Nalanda , Dwarka ,Puri 
 
Features : 
1. Political , Demographic  & spatial features 
2. Economic 
3. Religious and socio – cultural : agra , delhi , lucknow , hyderabad 
  
Colonial – ports cum trading centres developed 
 
Post independence – mixed character , centres of trade and commerce , core areas of old 
inhabitants (Srinivas) and on its fringe , new immigrants. E.g. Mumbai , Kolkata etc. 
 
Currently – overcrowding , increased pop density, increased slums pop , over urbanization. 
o Administrative towns – Chandigarh , Srinagar , Bhopal 
o Industrial – Mumbai , Bhilai 
o Commercial – Kolkata , 
o Mining towns – Raniganj , Jharia 
o Garrison Cantonment towns – Ambala , Jalandhar 
o Education Towns – Roorkee , Aligarh 
o Tourist Towns – Nainital , Mussoorie