NCERT Textbook: द्रोणाचार्य | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7 PDF Download

 Page 1


16 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
n
z
ks.kkpk;Z
9
vkpk;Z nzks.k eg£"k Hkj}kt osQ iq=k FksA ikapky&ujs'k
dk iq=k nzqin Hkh nzks.k osQ lkFk gh Hkj}kt&vkJe
esa f'k{kk ik jgk FkkA nksuksa esa xgjh fe=krk FkhA
dHkh&dHkh jktoqQekj nzqin mRlkg esa vkdj
nzks.k ls ;gk¡ rd dg nsrk Fkk fd ikapky ns'k
dk jktk cu tkus ij eSa vkèkk jkT; rqEgsa ns nw¡xkA
f'k{kk lekIr gksus ij nzks.kkpk;Z us o`Qikpk;Z dh
cgu ls C;kg dj fy;kA mlls muosQ ,d iq=k
gqvk] ftldk uke mUgksaus v'oRFkkek j[kkA nzks.k
viuh iRuh vkSj iq=k dks cM+k izse djrs FksA
nzks.k cM+s xjhc FksA og pkgrs Fks fd èku
izkIr fd;k tk, vkSj viuh iRuh o iq=k osQ lkFk
lq[k ls jgk tk,A mUgsa [kcj yxh fd ij'kqjke
viuh lkjh laifÙk xjhc czkã.kksa dks ck¡V jgs gSa]
rks Hkkxs&Hkkxs muosQ ikl x,] ysfdu muosQ
igq¡pus rd ij'kqjke viuh lkjh laifÙk forfjr
dj pqosQ Fks vkSj ou&xeu dh rS;kjh dj jgs FksA
nzks.k dks ns[kdj og cksysµ¶czkã.k&Js"B! vkidk
Lokxr gSA ij esjs ikl tks oqQN Fkk] og eSa ck¡V
pqdk gw¡A vc ;g esjk 'kjhj vkSj èkuq£o|k gh gSA
crkb,] eSa vkiosQ fy, D;k d:¡\¸
rc nzks.k us muls lkjs vL=kksa osQ iz;ksx rFkk
jgL; fl[kkus dh izkFkZuk dhA ij'kqjke us ;g
izkFkZuk Lohdkj dj yh vkSj nzks.k dks èkuq£o|k
dh iwjh f'k{kk ns nhA
oqQN le; ckn jktoqQekj nzqin osQ firk
dk nsgkolku gks x;k vkSj nzqin jktxíh ij
cSBkA nzks.kkpk;Z dks tc nqzin osQ ikapky ns'k
dh jktxíh ij cSBus dh [kcj yxh] rks ;g
lqudj og cM+s izlUu gq, vkSj jktk nzqin ls
feyus ikapky ns'k dks py iM+sA mUgsa xq# osQ
vkJe esa nzqin dh yM+diu esa dh xbZ ckrphr
;kn FkhA lkspk] ;fn vkèkk jkT; u Hkh nsxk rks
de&ls&de oqQN èku rks ”k:j gh nsxkA ;g
vk'kk ysdj nzks.kkpk;Z jktk nzqin osQ ikl igq¡ps
vkSj cksysµ¶fe=k nzqin] eq>s igpkurs gks u\ eSa
rqEgkjk ckyiu dk fe=k nzks.k gw¡A¸
,s'o;Z osQ en esa eÙk gq, jktk nzqin dks
nzks.kkpk;Z dk vkuk cqjk yxk vkSj nzks.k dk vius
lkFk fe=k dk&lk O;ogkj djuk rks vkSj Hkh
v[kjkA og nzks.k ij xqLlk gks x;k vkSj
cksykµ¶czkã.k] rqEgkjk ;g O;ogkj lTtuksfpr
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 2


16 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
n
z
ks.kkpk;Z
9
vkpk;Z nzks.k eg£"k Hkj}kt osQ iq=k FksA ikapky&ujs'k
dk iq=k nzqin Hkh nzks.k osQ lkFk gh Hkj}kt&vkJe
esa f'k{kk ik jgk FkkA nksuksa esa xgjh fe=krk FkhA
dHkh&dHkh jktoqQekj nzqin mRlkg esa vkdj
nzks.k ls ;gk¡ rd dg nsrk Fkk fd ikapky ns'k
dk jktk cu tkus ij eSa vkèkk jkT; rqEgsa ns nw¡xkA
f'k{kk lekIr gksus ij nzks.kkpk;Z us o`Qikpk;Z dh
cgu ls C;kg dj fy;kA mlls muosQ ,d iq=k
gqvk] ftldk uke mUgksaus v'oRFkkek j[kkA nzks.k
viuh iRuh vkSj iq=k dks cM+k izse djrs FksA
nzks.k cM+s xjhc FksA og pkgrs Fks fd èku
izkIr fd;k tk, vkSj viuh iRuh o iq=k osQ lkFk
lq[k ls jgk tk,A mUgsa [kcj yxh fd ij'kqjke
viuh lkjh laifÙk xjhc czkã.kksa dks ck¡V jgs gSa]
rks Hkkxs&Hkkxs muosQ ikl x,] ysfdu muosQ
igq¡pus rd ij'kqjke viuh lkjh laifÙk forfjr
dj pqosQ Fks vkSj ou&xeu dh rS;kjh dj jgs FksA
nzks.k dks ns[kdj og cksysµ¶czkã.k&Js"B! vkidk
Lokxr gSA ij esjs ikl tks oqQN Fkk] og eSa ck¡V
pqdk gw¡A vc ;g esjk 'kjhj vkSj èkuq£o|k gh gSA
crkb,] eSa vkiosQ fy, D;k d:¡\¸
rc nzks.k us muls lkjs vL=kksa osQ iz;ksx rFkk
jgL; fl[kkus dh izkFkZuk dhA ij'kqjke us ;g
izkFkZuk Lohdkj dj yh vkSj nzks.k dks èkuq£o|k
dh iwjh f'k{kk ns nhA
oqQN le; ckn jktoqQekj nzqin osQ firk
dk nsgkolku gks x;k vkSj nzqin jktxíh ij
cSBkA nzks.kkpk;Z dks tc nqzin osQ ikapky ns'k
dh jktxíh ij cSBus dh [kcj yxh] rks ;g
lqudj og cM+s izlUu gq, vkSj jktk nzqin ls
feyus ikapky ns'k dks py iM+sA mUgsa xq# osQ
vkJe esa nzqin dh yM+diu esa dh xbZ ckrphr
;kn FkhA lkspk] ;fn vkèkk jkT; u Hkh nsxk rks
de&ls&de oqQN èku rks ”k:j gh nsxkA ;g
vk'kk ysdj nzks.kkpk;Z jktk nzqin osQ ikl igq¡ps
vkSj cksysµ¶fe=k nzqin] eq>s igpkurs gks u\ eSa
rqEgkjk ckyiu dk fe=k nzks.k gw¡A¸
,s'o;Z osQ en esa eÙk gq, jktk nzqin dks
nzks.kkpk;Z dk vkuk cqjk yxk vkSj nzks.k dk vius
lkFk fe=k dk&lk O;ogkj djuk rks vkSj Hkh
v[kjkA og nzks.k ij xqLlk gks x;k vkSj
cksykµ¶czkã.k] rqEgkjk ;g O;ogkj lTtuksfpr
Rationalised 2023-24
cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 17
ugha gSA eq>s fe=k dgdj iqdkjus dk rqEgsa lkgl
oSQls gqvk\ ¯lgklu ij cSBs gq, ,d jktk osQ
lkFk ,d nfjnz iztktu dh fe=krk dHkh gqbZ gS\
rqEgkjh cqf¼ fdruh dPph gS! yM+diu esa
ykpkjh osQ dkj.k ge nksuksa dks tks lkFk jguk
iM+k] mlosQ vkèkkj ij rqe nzqin ls fe=krk dk
nkok djus yxs! nfjnz dh èkuh osQ lkFk] ew[kZ dh
fo}ku osQ lkFk vkSj dk;j dh ohj osQ lkFk
fe=krk dgha gks ldrh gS\ fe=krk cjkcjh dh
gSfl;rokyksa esa gh gksrh gSA tks fdlh jkT; dk
Lokeh u gks] og jktk dk fe=k dHkh ugha gks
ldrkA¸ nzqin dh bu dBksj xoksZfDr;ksa dks
lqudj nzks.kkpk;Z cM+s yfTtr gq, vkSj mUgsa ozQksèk
Hkh cgqr vk;kA mUgksaus fu'p; fd;k fd eSa bl
vfHkekuh jktk dks lcd fl[kkm¡Qxk vkSj cpiu
esa tks fe=krk dh ckr gqbZ Fkh] mls iwjk djosQ pSu
yw¡xkA og gfLrukiqj igq¡ps vkSj ogk¡ viuh iRuh
osQ HkkbZ o`Qikpk;Z osQ ;gk¡ xqIr :i ls jgus yxsA
,d jks”k gfLrukiqj osQ jktoqQekj uxj ls
ckgj dgha xsan [ksy jgs Fks fd brus esa mudh
xsan ,d oqQ,¡ esa tk fxjhA ;qfèkf"Bj mldks
fudkyus dk iz;Ru djus yxs] rks mudh v¡xwBh
Hkh oqQ,¡ esa fxj iM+hA lHkh jktoqQekj oqQ,¡ osQ
pkjksa vksj >k¡d&>k¡ddj ns[kus yxs] ij mls
fudkyus dk mik; mudks ugha lw>rk FkkA ,d
o`Q".k o.kZ dk czkã.k eqloQjkrk gqvk ;g lc
pqipki ns[k jgk FkkA jktoqQekjksa dks mldk irk
ugha FkkA jktoqQekjks dks vpjt esa Mkyrk gqvk
og cksykµ¶jktoqQekjks! cksyks] eSa xsan fudky
nw¡] rks rqe eq>s D;k nksxs\¸
¶czkã.kJs"B! vki xsan fudky nsaxs] rks
o`Qikpk;Z osQ ?kj vkidh cf<+;k nkor djsaxsA¸
;qfèkf"Bj us g¡lrs gq, dgkA rc nzks.kkpk;Z us
ikl esa iM+h gqbZ lhad mBk yh vkSj mls ikuh
esa isaQdkA lhad xsan dks ,sls tkdj yxh] tSls
rhj vkSj fiQj bl rjg yxkrkj dbZ lhaoasQ os
oqQ,¡ esa Mkyrs x,A lhaosaQ ,d&nwljs osQ fljs ls
fpidrh xb±A tc vkf[kjh lhad dk fljk oqQ,¡
osQ ckgj rd igq¡p x;k] rks nzks.kkpk;Z us mls
idM+dj [khap fy;k vkSj xsan fudy vkbZA
lc jktoqQekj vk'p;Z ls ;g djrc ns[k jgs
FksA mUgksaus czkã.k ls fourh dh fd ;qfèkf"Bj
dh v¡xwBh Hkh fudky nhft,A
nzks.k us rqjar èkuq"k p<+k;k vkSj oqQ,¡ esa rhj
ekjkA iyHkj esa ck.k v¡xwBh dks viuh uksad esa
fy, gq, mQij vk x;kA nzks.kkpk;Z us v¡xwBh
;qfèkf"Bj dks ns nhA ;g peRdkj ns[kdj
jktoqQekjksa dks vkSj Hkh ”;knk vpjt gqvkA
mUgksaus nzks.k osQ vkxs vknjiwoZd flj uok;k
vkSj gkFk tksM+dj iwNkµ¶egkjkt! gekjk iz.kke
Lohdkj dhft, vkSj gesa viuk ifjp; nhft,
fd vki dkSu gSa\ ge vkidh D;k lsok dj
ldrs gSa\ gesa vkKk nhft,A¸
nzks.k us dgkµ¶jktoqQekjks! ;g lkjh ?kVuk
lqukdj firkeg Hkh"e ls gh esjk ifjp; izkIr
dj ysukA¸
jktoqQekjksa us tkdj firkeg Hkh"e dks lkjh
ckr lqukbZ] rks Hkh"e rkM+ x, fd gks&u&gks os
lqizfl¼ vkpk;Z nzks.k gh gksaxsA ;g lkspdj
mUgksaus fu'p; dj fy;k fd vc ls jktoqQekjksa
dh vL=k&f'k{kk nzks.kkpk;Z osQ gh gkFkksa iwjh djkbZ
tk,A cM+s lEeku ls mUgksaus nzks.k dk Lokxr
fd;k vkSj jktoqQekjksa dks vkns'k fn;k fd os
xq# nzks.k ls gh èkuq£o|k lh[kk djsaA oqQN le;
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 3


16 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
n
z
ks.kkpk;Z
9
vkpk;Z nzks.k eg£"k Hkj}kt osQ iq=k FksA ikapky&ujs'k
dk iq=k nzqin Hkh nzks.k osQ lkFk gh Hkj}kt&vkJe
esa f'k{kk ik jgk FkkA nksuksa esa xgjh fe=krk FkhA
dHkh&dHkh jktoqQekj nzqin mRlkg esa vkdj
nzks.k ls ;gk¡ rd dg nsrk Fkk fd ikapky ns'k
dk jktk cu tkus ij eSa vkèkk jkT; rqEgsa ns nw¡xkA
f'k{kk lekIr gksus ij nzks.kkpk;Z us o`Qikpk;Z dh
cgu ls C;kg dj fy;kA mlls muosQ ,d iq=k
gqvk] ftldk uke mUgksaus v'oRFkkek j[kkA nzks.k
viuh iRuh vkSj iq=k dks cM+k izse djrs FksA
nzks.k cM+s xjhc FksA og pkgrs Fks fd èku
izkIr fd;k tk, vkSj viuh iRuh o iq=k osQ lkFk
lq[k ls jgk tk,A mUgsa [kcj yxh fd ij'kqjke
viuh lkjh laifÙk xjhc czkã.kksa dks ck¡V jgs gSa]
rks Hkkxs&Hkkxs muosQ ikl x,] ysfdu muosQ
igq¡pus rd ij'kqjke viuh lkjh laifÙk forfjr
dj pqosQ Fks vkSj ou&xeu dh rS;kjh dj jgs FksA
nzks.k dks ns[kdj og cksysµ¶czkã.k&Js"B! vkidk
Lokxr gSA ij esjs ikl tks oqQN Fkk] og eSa ck¡V
pqdk gw¡A vc ;g esjk 'kjhj vkSj èkuq£o|k gh gSA
crkb,] eSa vkiosQ fy, D;k d:¡\¸
rc nzks.k us muls lkjs vL=kksa osQ iz;ksx rFkk
jgL; fl[kkus dh izkFkZuk dhA ij'kqjke us ;g
izkFkZuk Lohdkj dj yh vkSj nzks.k dks èkuq£o|k
dh iwjh f'k{kk ns nhA
oqQN le; ckn jktoqQekj nzqin osQ firk
dk nsgkolku gks x;k vkSj nzqin jktxíh ij
cSBkA nzks.kkpk;Z dks tc nqzin osQ ikapky ns'k
dh jktxíh ij cSBus dh [kcj yxh] rks ;g
lqudj og cM+s izlUu gq, vkSj jktk nzqin ls
feyus ikapky ns'k dks py iM+sA mUgsa xq# osQ
vkJe esa nzqin dh yM+diu esa dh xbZ ckrphr
;kn FkhA lkspk] ;fn vkèkk jkT; u Hkh nsxk rks
de&ls&de oqQN èku rks ”k:j gh nsxkA ;g
vk'kk ysdj nzks.kkpk;Z jktk nzqin osQ ikl igq¡ps
vkSj cksysµ¶fe=k nzqin] eq>s igpkurs gks u\ eSa
rqEgkjk ckyiu dk fe=k nzks.k gw¡A¸
,s'o;Z osQ en esa eÙk gq, jktk nzqin dks
nzks.kkpk;Z dk vkuk cqjk yxk vkSj nzks.k dk vius
lkFk fe=k dk&lk O;ogkj djuk rks vkSj Hkh
v[kjkA og nzks.k ij xqLlk gks x;k vkSj
cksykµ¶czkã.k] rqEgkjk ;g O;ogkj lTtuksfpr
Rationalised 2023-24
cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 17
ugha gSA eq>s fe=k dgdj iqdkjus dk rqEgsa lkgl
oSQls gqvk\ ¯lgklu ij cSBs gq, ,d jktk osQ
lkFk ,d nfjnz iztktu dh fe=krk dHkh gqbZ gS\
rqEgkjh cqf¼ fdruh dPph gS! yM+diu esa
ykpkjh osQ dkj.k ge nksuksa dks tks lkFk jguk
iM+k] mlosQ vkèkkj ij rqe nzqin ls fe=krk dk
nkok djus yxs! nfjnz dh èkuh osQ lkFk] ew[kZ dh
fo}ku osQ lkFk vkSj dk;j dh ohj osQ lkFk
fe=krk dgha gks ldrh gS\ fe=krk cjkcjh dh
gSfl;rokyksa esa gh gksrh gSA tks fdlh jkT; dk
Lokeh u gks] og jktk dk fe=k dHkh ugha gks
ldrkA¸ nzqin dh bu dBksj xoksZfDr;ksa dks
lqudj nzks.kkpk;Z cM+s yfTtr gq, vkSj mUgsa ozQksèk
Hkh cgqr vk;kA mUgksaus fu'p; fd;k fd eSa bl
vfHkekuh jktk dks lcd fl[kkm¡Qxk vkSj cpiu
esa tks fe=krk dh ckr gqbZ Fkh] mls iwjk djosQ pSu
yw¡xkA og gfLrukiqj igq¡ps vkSj ogk¡ viuh iRuh
osQ HkkbZ o`Qikpk;Z osQ ;gk¡ xqIr :i ls jgus yxsA
,d jks”k gfLrukiqj osQ jktoqQekj uxj ls
ckgj dgha xsan [ksy jgs Fks fd brus esa mudh
xsan ,d oqQ,¡ esa tk fxjhA ;qfèkf"Bj mldks
fudkyus dk iz;Ru djus yxs] rks mudh v¡xwBh
Hkh oqQ,¡ esa fxj iM+hA lHkh jktoqQekj oqQ,¡ osQ
pkjksa vksj >k¡d&>k¡ddj ns[kus yxs] ij mls
fudkyus dk mik; mudks ugha lw>rk FkkA ,d
o`Q".k o.kZ dk czkã.k eqloQjkrk gqvk ;g lc
pqipki ns[k jgk FkkA jktoqQekjksa dks mldk irk
ugha FkkA jktoqQekjks dks vpjt esa Mkyrk gqvk
og cksykµ¶jktoqQekjks! cksyks] eSa xsan fudky
nw¡] rks rqe eq>s D;k nksxs\¸
¶czkã.kJs"B! vki xsan fudky nsaxs] rks
o`Qikpk;Z osQ ?kj vkidh cf<+;k nkor djsaxsA¸
;qfèkf"Bj us g¡lrs gq, dgkA rc nzks.kkpk;Z us
ikl esa iM+h gqbZ lhad mBk yh vkSj mls ikuh
esa isaQdkA lhad xsan dks ,sls tkdj yxh] tSls
rhj vkSj fiQj bl rjg yxkrkj dbZ lhaoasQ os
oqQ,¡ esa Mkyrs x,A lhaosaQ ,d&nwljs osQ fljs ls
fpidrh xb±A tc vkf[kjh lhad dk fljk oqQ,¡
osQ ckgj rd igq¡p x;k] rks nzks.kkpk;Z us mls
idM+dj [khap fy;k vkSj xsan fudy vkbZA
lc jktoqQekj vk'p;Z ls ;g djrc ns[k jgs
FksA mUgksaus czkã.k ls fourh dh fd ;qfèkf"Bj
dh v¡xwBh Hkh fudky nhft,A
nzks.k us rqjar èkuq"k p<+k;k vkSj oqQ,¡ esa rhj
ekjkA iyHkj esa ck.k v¡xwBh dks viuh uksad esa
fy, gq, mQij vk x;kA nzks.kkpk;Z us v¡xwBh
;qfèkf"Bj dks ns nhA ;g peRdkj ns[kdj
jktoqQekjksa dks vkSj Hkh ”;knk vpjt gqvkA
mUgksaus nzks.k osQ vkxs vknjiwoZd flj uok;k
vkSj gkFk tksM+dj iwNkµ¶egkjkt! gekjk iz.kke
Lohdkj dhft, vkSj gesa viuk ifjp; nhft,
fd vki dkSu gSa\ ge vkidh D;k lsok dj
ldrs gSa\ gesa vkKk nhft,A¸
nzks.k us dgkµ¶jktoqQekjks! ;g lkjh ?kVuk
lqukdj firkeg Hkh"e ls gh esjk ifjp; izkIr
dj ysukA¸
jktoqQekjksa us tkdj firkeg Hkh"e dks lkjh
ckr lqukbZ] rks Hkh"e rkM+ x, fd gks&u&gks os
lqizfl¼ vkpk;Z nzks.k gh gksaxsA ;g lkspdj
mUgksaus fu'p; dj fy;k fd vc ls jktoqQekjksa
dh vL=k&f'k{kk nzks.kkpk;Z osQ gh gkFkksa iwjh djkbZ
tk,A cM+s lEeku ls mUgksaus nzks.k dk Lokxr
fd;k vkSj jktoqQekjksa dks vkns'k fn;k fd os
xq# nzks.k ls gh èkuq£o|k lh[kk djsaA oqQN le;
Rationalised 2023-24
18 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
ckn tc jktoqQekjksa dh f'k{kk iwjh gks xbZ] rks
nzks.kkpk;Z us muls xq#&nf{k.kk osQ :i esa ikapkyjkt
nzqin dks oSQn dj ykus osQ fy, dgkA mudh
vkKkuqlkj igys nq;ksZèku vkSj d.kZ us nzqin osQ
jkT; ij èkkok cksy fn;k] ij ijkozQeh nzqin osQ
vkxs os u Bgj losQA gkjdj okil vk x,A
rc nzks.k us vtqZu dks HkstkA vtZqu us ikapkyjkt
dh lsuk dks rgl&ugl dj fn;k vkSj jktk
nzqin dks muosQ ea=kh lfgr oSQn djosQ vkpk;Z
osQ lkeus yk [kM+k fd;kA
nzks.kkpk;Z us eqloQjkrs gq, nzqin ls dgkµ¶gs
ohj! Mjks ughaA fdlh izdkj dh foifÙk dh
vk'kadk u djksA yM+diu esa rqEgkjh&gekjh
fe=krk FkhA lkFk&lkFk [ksys&owQns] mBs&cSBsA
ckn esa tc rqe jktk cu x,] rks ,s'o;Z osQ
en esa vkdj rqe eq>s Hkwy x, vkSj esjk
vieku fd;kA rqeus dgk Fkk fd jktk gh
jktk osQ lkFk fe=krk dj ldrk gSA blh
dkj.k eq>s ;q¼ djosQ rqEgkjk jkT; Nhuuk
iM+kA ijarq eSa rks rqEgkjs lkFk fe=krk gh djuk
pkgrk gw¡A blfy, vkèkk jkT; rqEgsa okil
ykSVk nsrk gw¡] D;ksafd esjk fe=k cuus osQ fy,
Hkh rks rqEgsa jkT; pkfg, u! fe=krk rks cjkcjh
dh gSfl;rokyksa esa gh gks ldrh gSA¸
nzks.kkpk;Z us bls vius vieku dk dkI
+
kQh
cnyk le>k vkSj mUgksaus nzqin dks cM+s lEeku
osQ lkFk fonk fd;kA bl izdkj jktk nzqin dk
xoZ pwj gks x;k] ysfdu cnys ls ?k`.kk nwj
ugha gksrhA fdlh osQ vfHkeku dks Bsl yxus
ij tks ihM+k gksrh gS] mls lgu djuk cM+k
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 4


16 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
n
z
ks.kkpk;Z
9
vkpk;Z nzks.k eg£"k Hkj}kt osQ iq=k FksA ikapky&ujs'k
dk iq=k nzqin Hkh nzks.k osQ lkFk gh Hkj}kt&vkJe
esa f'k{kk ik jgk FkkA nksuksa esa xgjh fe=krk FkhA
dHkh&dHkh jktoqQekj nzqin mRlkg esa vkdj
nzks.k ls ;gk¡ rd dg nsrk Fkk fd ikapky ns'k
dk jktk cu tkus ij eSa vkèkk jkT; rqEgsa ns nw¡xkA
f'k{kk lekIr gksus ij nzks.kkpk;Z us o`Qikpk;Z dh
cgu ls C;kg dj fy;kA mlls muosQ ,d iq=k
gqvk] ftldk uke mUgksaus v'oRFkkek j[kkA nzks.k
viuh iRuh vkSj iq=k dks cM+k izse djrs FksA
nzks.k cM+s xjhc FksA og pkgrs Fks fd èku
izkIr fd;k tk, vkSj viuh iRuh o iq=k osQ lkFk
lq[k ls jgk tk,A mUgsa [kcj yxh fd ij'kqjke
viuh lkjh laifÙk xjhc czkã.kksa dks ck¡V jgs gSa]
rks Hkkxs&Hkkxs muosQ ikl x,] ysfdu muosQ
igq¡pus rd ij'kqjke viuh lkjh laifÙk forfjr
dj pqosQ Fks vkSj ou&xeu dh rS;kjh dj jgs FksA
nzks.k dks ns[kdj og cksysµ¶czkã.k&Js"B! vkidk
Lokxr gSA ij esjs ikl tks oqQN Fkk] og eSa ck¡V
pqdk gw¡A vc ;g esjk 'kjhj vkSj èkuq£o|k gh gSA
crkb,] eSa vkiosQ fy, D;k d:¡\¸
rc nzks.k us muls lkjs vL=kksa osQ iz;ksx rFkk
jgL; fl[kkus dh izkFkZuk dhA ij'kqjke us ;g
izkFkZuk Lohdkj dj yh vkSj nzks.k dks èkuq£o|k
dh iwjh f'k{kk ns nhA
oqQN le; ckn jktoqQekj nzqin osQ firk
dk nsgkolku gks x;k vkSj nzqin jktxíh ij
cSBkA nzks.kkpk;Z dks tc nqzin osQ ikapky ns'k
dh jktxíh ij cSBus dh [kcj yxh] rks ;g
lqudj og cM+s izlUu gq, vkSj jktk nzqin ls
feyus ikapky ns'k dks py iM+sA mUgsa xq# osQ
vkJe esa nzqin dh yM+diu esa dh xbZ ckrphr
;kn FkhA lkspk] ;fn vkèkk jkT; u Hkh nsxk rks
de&ls&de oqQN èku rks ”k:j gh nsxkA ;g
vk'kk ysdj nzks.kkpk;Z jktk nzqin osQ ikl igq¡ps
vkSj cksysµ¶fe=k nzqin] eq>s igpkurs gks u\ eSa
rqEgkjk ckyiu dk fe=k nzks.k gw¡A¸
,s'o;Z osQ en esa eÙk gq, jktk nzqin dks
nzks.kkpk;Z dk vkuk cqjk yxk vkSj nzks.k dk vius
lkFk fe=k dk&lk O;ogkj djuk rks vkSj Hkh
v[kjkA og nzks.k ij xqLlk gks x;k vkSj
cksykµ¶czkã.k] rqEgkjk ;g O;ogkj lTtuksfpr
Rationalised 2023-24
cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 17
ugha gSA eq>s fe=k dgdj iqdkjus dk rqEgsa lkgl
oSQls gqvk\ ¯lgklu ij cSBs gq, ,d jktk osQ
lkFk ,d nfjnz iztktu dh fe=krk dHkh gqbZ gS\
rqEgkjh cqf¼ fdruh dPph gS! yM+diu esa
ykpkjh osQ dkj.k ge nksuksa dks tks lkFk jguk
iM+k] mlosQ vkèkkj ij rqe nzqin ls fe=krk dk
nkok djus yxs! nfjnz dh èkuh osQ lkFk] ew[kZ dh
fo}ku osQ lkFk vkSj dk;j dh ohj osQ lkFk
fe=krk dgha gks ldrh gS\ fe=krk cjkcjh dh
gSfl;rokyksa esa gh gksrh gSA tks fdlh jkT; dk
Lokeh u gks] og jktk dk fe=k dHkh ugha gks
ldrkA¸ nzqin dh bu dBksj xoksZfDr;ksa dks
lqudj nzks.kkpk;Z cM+s yfTtr gq, vkSj mUgsa ozQksèk
Hkh cgqr vk;kA mUgksaus fu'p; fd;k fd eSa bl
vfHkekuh jktk dks lcd fl[kkm¡Qxk vkSj cpiu
esa tks fe=krk dh ckr gqbZ Fkh] mls iwjk djosQ pSu
yw¡xkA og gfLrukiqj igq¡ps vkSj ogk¡ viuh iRuh
osQ HkkbZ o`Qikpk;Z osQ ;gk¡ xqIr :i ls jgus yxsA
,d jks”k gfLrukiqj osQ jktoqQekj uxj ls
ckgj dgha xsan [ksy jgs Fks fd brus esa mudh
xsan ,d oqQ,¡ esa tk fxjhA ;qfèkf"Bj mldks
fudkyus dk iz;Ru djus yxs] rks mudh v¡xwBh
Hkh oqQ,¡ esa fxj iM+hA lHkh jktoqQekj oqQ,¡ osQ
pkjksa vksj >k¡d&>k¡ddj ns[kus yxs] ij mls
fudkyus dk mik; mudks ugha lw>rk FkkA ,d
o`Q".k o.kZ dk czkã.k eqloQjkrk gqvk ;g lc
pqipki ns[k jgk FkkA jktoqQekjksa dks mldk irk
ugha FkkA jktoqQekjks dks vpjt esa Mkyrk gqvk
og cksykµ¶jktoqQekjks! cksyks] eSa xsan fudky
nw¡] rks rqe eq>s D;k nksxs\¸
¶czkã.kJs"B! vki xsan fudky nsaxs] rks
o`Qikpk;Z osQ ?kj vkidh cf<+;k nkor djsaxsA¸
;qfèkf"Bj us g¡lrs gq, dgkA rc nzks.kkpk;Z us
ikl esa iM+h gqbZ lhad mBk yh vkSj mls ikuh
esa isaQdkA lhad xsan dks ,sls tkdj yxh] tSls
rhj vkSj fiQj bl rjg yxkrkj dbZ lhaoasQ os
oqQ,¡ esa Mkyrs x,A lhaosaQ ,d&nwljs osQ fljs ls
fpidrh xb±A tc vkf[kjh lhad dk fljk oqQ,¡
osQ ckgj rd igq¡p x;k] rks nzks.kkpk;Z us mls
idM+dj [khap fy;k vkSj xsan fudy vkbZA
lc jktoqQekj vk'p;Z ls ;g djrc ns[k jgs
FksA mUgksaus czkã.k ls fourh dh fd ;qfèkf"Bj
dh v¡xwBh Hkh fudky nhft,A
nzks.k us rqjar èkuq"k p<+k;k vkSj oqQ,¡ esa rhj
ekjkA iyHkj esa ck.k v¡xwBh dks viuh uksad esa
fy, gq, mQij vk x;kA nzks.kkpk;Z us v¡xwBh
;qfèkf"Bj dks ns nhA ;g peRdkj ns[kdj
jktoqQekjksa dks vkSj Hkh ”;knk vpjt gqvkA
mUgksaus nzks.k osQ vkxs vknjiwoZd flj uok;k
vkSj gkFk tksM+dj iwNkµ¶egkjkt! gekjk iz.kke
Lohdkj dhft, vkSj gesa viuk ifjp; nhft,
fd vki dkSu gSa\ ge vkidh D;k lsok dj
ldrs gSa\ gesa vkKk nhft,A¸
nzks.k us dgkµ¶jktoqQekjks! ;g lkjh ?kVuk
lqukdj firkeg Hkh"e ls gh esjk ifjp; izkIr
dj ysukA¸
jktoqQekjksa us tkdj firkeg Hkh"e dks lkjh
ckr lqukbZ] rks Hkh"e rkM+ x, fd gks&u&gks os
lqizfl¼ vkpk;Z nzks.k gh gksaxsA ;g lkspdj
mUgksaus fu'p; dj fy;k fd vc ls jktoqQekjksa
dh vL=k&f'k{kk nzks.kkpk;Z osQ gh gkFkksa iwjh djkbZ
tk,A cM+s lEeku ls mUgksaus nzks.k dk Lokxr
fd;k vkSj jktoqQekjksa dks vkns'k fn;k fd os
xq# nzks.k ls gh èkuq£o|k lh[kk djsaA oqQN le;
Rationalised 2023-24
18 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
ckn tc jktoqQekjksa dh f'k{kk iwjh gks xbZ] rks
nzks.kkpk;Z us muls xq#&nf{k.kk osQ :i esa ikapkyjkt
nzqin dks oSQn dj ykus osQ fy, dgkA mudh
vkKkuqlkj igys nq;ksZèku vkSj d.kZ us nzqin osQ
jkT; ij èkkok cksy fn;k] ij ijkozQeh nzqin osQ
vkxs os u Bgj losQA gkjdj okil vk x,A
rc nzks.k us vtqZu dks HkstkA vtZqu us ikapkyjkt
dh lsuk dks rgl&ugl dj fn;k vkSj jktk
nzqin dks muosQ ea=kh lfgr oSQn djosQ vkpk;Z
osQ lkeus yk [kM+k fd;kA
nzks.kkpk;Z us eqloQjkrs gq, nzqin ls dgkµ¶gs
ohj! Mjks ughaA fdlh izdkj dh foifÙk dh
vk'kadk u djksA yM+diu esa rqEgkjh&gekjh
fe=krk FkhA lkFk&lkFk [ksys&owQns] mBs&cSBsA
ckn esa tc rqe jktk cu x,] rks ,s'o;Z osQ
en esa vkdj rqe eq>s Hkwy x, vkSj esjk
vieku fd;kA rqeus dgk Fkk fd jktk gh
jktk osQ lkFk fe=krk dj ldrk gSA blh
dkj.k eq>s ;q¼ djosQ rqEgkjk jkT; Nhuuk
iM+kA ijarq eSa rks rqEgkjs lkFk fe=krk gh djuk
pkgrk gw¡A blfy, vkèkk jkT; rqEgsa okil
ykSVk nsrk gw¡] D;ksafd esjk fe=k cuus osQ fy,
Hkh rks rqEgsa jkT; pkfg, u! fe=krk rks cjkcjh
dh gSfl;rokyksa esa gh gks ldrh gSA¸
nzks.kkpk;Z us bls vius vieku dk dkI
+
kQh
cnyk le>k vkSj mUgksaus nzqin dks cM+s lEeku
osQ lkFk fonk fd;kA bl izdkj jktk nzqin dk
xoZ pwj gks x;k] ysfdu cnys ls ?k`.kk nwj
ugha gksrhA fdlh osQ vfHkeku dks Bsl yxus
ij tks ihM+k gksrh gS] mls lgu djuk cM+k
Rationalised 2023-24
cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 19
dfBu gksrk gSA nzks.k ls cnyk ysus dh Hkkouk
nzqin osQ thou dk y{; cu xbZA mlus dbZ
dBksj ozr vkSj ri bl dkeuk ls fd, fd
mls ,d ,slk iq=k gks] tks nzks.k dks ekj losQA
lkFk gh ,d ,slh dU;k gks] tks vtqZu dks
C;kgh tk losQA vkf[kj mldh dkeuk iwjh
gqbZA mlosQ èk`"V|qEu uked ,d iq=k gqvk
vkSj nzkSinh uke dh ,d dU;kA vkxs pydj
oqQ#{ks=k dh j.kHkwfe esa vts; nzks.kkpk;Z blh
èk`"V|qEu osQ gkFkksa ekjs x, FksA
Rationalised 2023-24