NCERT Textbook: विराट का भ्रम | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7 PDF Download

 Page 1


56 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
f=kxrZ&jktk lq'kekZ ij fot; izkIr djosQ jktk
fojkV uxj esa okil vk,] rks iqjokfl;ksa us
mudk èkweèkke ls Lokxr fd;kA var%iqj esa
jktoqQekj mÙkj dks u ikdj jktk us iwNrkN
dh rks fL=k;ksa us cM+s mRlkg osQ lkFk crk;k fd
oqQekj dkSjoksa ls yM+us x, gSaA
fojkV dk Hk
z
e
24
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 2


56 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
f=kxrZ&jktk lq'kekZ ij fot; izkIr djosQ jktk
fojkV uxj esa okil vk,] rks iqjokfl;ksa us
mudk èkweèkke ls Lokxr fd;kA var%iqj esa
jktoqQekj mÙkj dks u ikdj jktk us iwNrkN
dh rks fL=k;ksa us cM+s mRlkg osQ lkFk crk;k fd
oqQekj dkSjoksa ls yM+us x, gSaA
fojkV dk Hk
z
e
24
Rationalised 2023-24
cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 57
jktk ;g lqudj ,dne pkSad mBsA muosQ
fo'ks"k iwNus ij fL=k;ksa us dkSjoksa osQ vkØe.k
vkfn dk lkjk gky lquk;kA ;g lc lqudj
jktk dk eu ¯pfrr gks mBkA
jktk dks bl izdkj 'kksdkrqj gksrs ns[kdj
oaQd us mUgsa fnyklk nsrs gq, dgkµ¶vki
jktoqQekj dh ¯prk u djsaA c`gUuyk lkjFkh
cudj muosQ lkFk xbZ gqbZ gSA¸
oaQd bl izdkj ckrsa dj gh jgs Fks fd
brus esa mÙkj osQ Hksts gq, nwrksa us vkdj dgkµ
¶jktu~! vkidk dY;k.k gks! jktoqQekj thr
x,A dkSjo&lsuk frrj&fcrj dj nh xbZ gSA
xk;sa NqM+k yh xbZ gSaA¸
;g lqudj fojkV vk¡[ksa iQkM+dj ns[krs jg
x,A mUgsa fo'okl gh u gksrk Fkk fd vosQyk
mÙkj dkSjoksa dks thr losQxk! iq=k dh fot;
gqbZ] ;g tkudj fojkV] vkuan vkSj vfHkeku
osQ ekjs iwQys u lek,A mUgksaus nwrksa dks vla[;
jRu ,oa èku iqjLdkj osQ :i esa nsdj [kwc
vkuan euk;kA blosQ ckn jktk us izlUurk ls
var%iqj esa tkdj dgkµ¶lSjaèkzh pkSiM+ dh xksVsa
rks ”kjk ys vkvksA pyks oaQd ls nks&nks gkFk
pkSiM+ [ksy ysaA vkt [kq'kh osQ ekjs eSa ikxy&lk
gqvk tk jgk gw¡A esjh le> esa ugha vk jgk gS
fd eSa viuk vkuan oSQls O;Dr d:¡ !¸
nksuksa [ksyus cSBsA [ksyrs le; Hkh ckrsa gksus
yxhaA ¶ns[kk jktoqQekj dk 'kkS;Z\ fo[;kr
dkSjo&ohjksa dks esjs csVs us vosQys gh yM+dj
thr fy;k!¸ fojkV us dgkA
¶fu%lansg vkiosQ iq=k HkkX;oku gSa] ugha rks
c`gUUkyk mudh lkjFkh curh gh oSQls\¸ dad
us dgkA fojkV >q¡>ykdj cksysµ¶vkius Hkh
D;k ;g c`gUUkyk&c`gUuyk dh jV yxk j[kh
gS\ eSa vius oqQekj dh fot; dh ckr dj jgk
gw¡ vkSj vki mlosQ lkjFkh dh cM+kbZ djus yxsA¸
;qf/f"Bj us vc c`gUuyk dk uke ysdj
tSls gh oqQN dguk pkgk] jktk ls u jgk x;kA
vius gkFk dk iklk ;qfèkf"Bj (oaQd) osQ e¡qg
ij ns ekjkA ikls dh ekj ls ;qfèkf"Bj osQ eq[k
ij pksV yx xbZ vkSj [kwu cgus yxkA
brus esa }kjiky us vkdj [kcj nh fd
jktoqQekj mÙkj c`gUuyk osQ lkFk }kj ij [kM+s
gSaA jktk ls HksaV djuk pkgrs gSaA lqurs gh fojkV
tYnh ls mBdj cksysµ¶vkus nks! vkus nks!!¸
oaQd us b'kkjs ls }kjiky dks dgk fd flI
+
kZQ
jktoqQekj dks ykvks] c`gUuyk dks ughaA ;qfèkf"Bj
dks Hk; Fkk fd dgha jktk osQ gkFkksa mudks tks
pksV yxh gS] mls ns[kdj vtqZu xqLls esa dksbZ
xM+cM+h u dj nsA ;gh lksp mUgksaus }kjiky dks
,slk vkns'k fn;kA jktoqQekj mÙkj us izos'k
djosQ igys vius firk dks ueLdkj fd;kA
fiQj og oaQd dks iz.kke djuk gh pkgrk Fkk
fd muosQ eq[k ls [kwu cgrk ns[kdj pfdr
jg x;kA mls vtqZu ls ekywe gks pqdk Fkk fd
oaQd rks vly esa ;qfèkf"Bj gh gSaA
mlus iwNkµ¶firk th] budks fdlus ;g
ihM+k igq¡pkbZ gS\¸
fojkV us dgkµ¶csVk! Øksèk esa eSaus pkSiM+
osQ ikls isaQd ekjsA D;ksa] rqe mnkl D;ksa gks
x,\¸
firk dh ckr lqudj mÙkj dk¡i x;kA
fojkV oqQN le> gh u losQ fd ckr D;k gSA
mÙkj us vkxzg fd;k] rks mUgksaus oaQd osQ ik¡o
idM+dj {kek&;kpuk dhA blosQ ckn mÙkj dks
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 3


56 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
f=kxrZ&jktk lq'kekZ ij fot; izkIr djosQ jktk
fojkV uxj esa okil vk,] rks iqjokfl;ksa us
mudk èkweèkke ls Lokxr fd;kA var%iqj esa
jktoqQekj mÙkj dks u ikdj jktk us iwNrkN
dh rks fL=k;ksa us cM+s mRlkg osQ lkFk crk;k fd
oqQekj dkSjoksa ls yM+us x, gSaA
fojkV dk Hk
z
e
24
Rationalised 2023-24
cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 57
jktk ;g lqudj ,dne pkSad mBsA muosQ
fo'ks"k iwNus ij fL=k;ksa us dkSjoksa osQ vkØe.k
vkfn dk lkjk gky lquk;kA ;g lc lqudj
jktk dk eu ¯pfrr gks mBkA
jktk dks bl izdkj 'kksdkrqj gksrs ns[kdj
oaQd us mUgsa fnyklk nsrs gq, dgkµ¶vki
jktoqQekj dh ¯prk u djsaA c`gUuyk lkjFkh
cudj muosQ lkFk xbZ gqbZ gSA¸
oaQd bl izdkj ckrsa dj gh jgs Fks fd
brus esa mÙkj osQ Hksts gq, nwrksa us vkdj dgkµ
¶jktu~! vkidk dY;k.k gks! jktoqQekj thr
x,A dkSjo&lsuk frrj&fcrj dj nh xbZ gSA
xk;sa NqM+k yh xbZ gSaA¸
;g lqudj fojkV vk¡[ksa iQkM+dj ns[krs jg
x,A mUgsa fo'okl gh u gksrk Fkk fd vosQyk
mÙkj dkSjoksa dks thr losQxk! iq=k dh fot;
gqbZ] ;g tkudj fojkV] vkuan vkSj vfHkeku
osQ ekjs iwQys u lek,A mUgksaus nwrksa dks vla[;
jRu ,oa èku iqjLdkj osQ :i esa nsdj [kwc
vkuan euk;kA blosQ ckn jktk us izlUurk ls
var%iqj esa tkdj dgkµ¶lSjaèkzh pkSiM+ dh xksVsa
rks ”kjk ys vkvksA pyks oaQd ls nks&nks gkFk
pkSiM+ [ksy ysaA vkt [kq'kh osQ ekjs eSa ikxy&lk
gqvk tk jgk gw¡A esjh le> esa ugha vk jgk gS
fd eSa viuk vkuan oSQls O;Dr d:¡ !¸
nksuksa [ksyus cSBsA [ksyrs le; Hkh ckrsa gksus
yxhaA ¶ns[kk jktoqQekj dk 'kkS;Z\ fo[;kr
dkSjo&ohjksa dks esjs csVs us vosQys gh yM+dj
thr fy;k!¸ fojkV us dgkA
¶fu%lansg vkiosQ iq=k HkkX;oku gSa] ugha rks
c`gUUkyk mudh lkjFkh curh gh oSQls\¸ dad
us dgkA fojkV >q¡>ykdj cksysµ¶vkius Hkh
D;k ;g c`gUUkyk&c`gUuyk dh jV yxk j[kh
gS\ eSa vius oqQekj dh fot; dh ckr dj jgk
gw¡ vkSj vki mlosQ lkjFkh dh cM+kbZ djus yxsA¸
;qf/f"Bj us vc c`gUuyk dk uke ysdj
tSls gh oqQN dguk pkgk] jktk ls u jgk x;kA
vius gkFk dk iklk ;qfèkf"Bj (oaQd) osQ e¡qg
ij ns ekjkA ikls dh ekj ls ;qfèkf"Bj osQ eq[k
ij pksV yx xbZ vkSj [kwu cgus yxkA
brus esa }kjiky us vkdj [kcj nh fd
jktoqQekj mÙkj c`gUuyk osQ lkFk }kj ij [kM+s
gSaA jktk ls HksaV djuk pkgrs gSaA lqurs gh fojkV
tYnh ls mBdj cksysµ¶vkus nks! vkus nks!!¸
oaQd us b'kkjs ls }kjiky dks dgk fd flI
+
kZQ
jktoqQekj dks ykvks] c`gUuyk dks ughaA ;qfèkf"Bj
dks Hk; Fkk fd dgha jktk osQ gkFkksa mudks tks
pksV yxh gS] mls ns[kdj vtqZu xqLls esa dksbZ
xM+cM+h u dj nsA ;gh lksp mUgksaus }kjiky dks
,slk vkns'k fn;kA jktoqQekj mÙkj us izos'k
djosQ igys vius firk dks ueLdkj fd;kA
fiQj og oaQd dks iz.kke djuk gh pkgrk Fkk
fd muosQ eq[k ls [kwu cgrk ns[kdj pfdr
jg x;kA mls vtqZu ls ekywe gks pqdk Fkk fd
oaQd rks vly esa ;qfèkf"Bj gh gSaA
mlus iwNkµ¶firk th] budks fdlus ;g
ihM+k igq¡pkbZ gS\¸
fojkV us dgkµ¶csVk! Øksèk esa eSaus pkSiM+
osQ ikls isaQd ekjsA D;ksa] rqe mnkl D;ksa gks
x,\¸
firk dh ckr lqudj mÙkj dk¡i x;kA
fojkV oqQN le> gh u losQ fd ckr D;k gSA
mÙkj us vkxzg fd;k] rks mUgksaus oaQd osQ ik¡o
idM+dj {kek&;kpuk dhA blosQ ckn mÙkj dks
Rationalised 2023-24
58 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
 
xys yxk fy;k vkSj cksysµ¶csVk] cM+s ohj
gks rqe!¸
mÙkj us dgkµ¶firk th] eSaus dksbZ lsuk
ugha gjkbZA eSa rks yM+k Hkh ughaA¸
cM+h mRoaQBk osQ lkFk jktk us iwNkµ¶dkSu
Fkk og ohj\ dgk¡ gS og\ cqyk ykvks mlsA¸
jktoqQekj us dgkµ¶firk th] esjk fo'okl
gS fd vkt ;k dy og vo'; izdV gksaxsA¸
FkksM+h nsj rd rks ikaMoksa us lkspk fd vc
”;knk fookn djuk vkSj vius dks fNik,
j[kuk Bhd ugha gSA ;g lkspdj vtqZu us igys
jktk fojkV dks vkSj ckn esa lkjh lHkk dks
viuk vlyh ifjp; ns fn;kA yksxksa osQ vk'p;Z
vkSj vkuan dk fBdkuk u jgkA lHkk esa dksykgy
ep x;kA jktk fojkV dk ân; ÑrKrk] vkuan
vkSj vk'p;Z ls rjafxr gks mBkA fojkV us oqQN
lkspus osQ ckn vtqZu ls vkxzg fd;k fd vki
jktdU;k mÙkjk ls C;kg dj ysaA vtqZu us
dgkµ¶jktu~! vkidh dU;k dks eSa ukp vkSj
xkuk fl[kkrk jgk gw¡A esjs fy, og csVh osQ
leku gSA bl dkj.k ;g mfpr ugha gS fd eSa
mlosQ lkFk C;kg d:¡ A gk¡] ;fn vkidh bPNk
gks] rks esjs iq=k vfHkeU;q osQ lkFk mldk C;kg
gks tk,A¸
jktk fojkV us ;g ckr eku yhA blosQ
oqQN le; ckn nq;ksZèku osQ nwrksa us vkdj
;qfèkf"Bj ls dgkµ¶oqaQrh&iq=k! egkjkt nq;ksZèku
us gesa vkiosQ ikl Hkstk gSA mudk dguk gS
fd mrkoyh osQ dkj.k izfrKk iwjh gksus ls igys
vtqZu igpkus x, gSaA blfy, 'krZ osQ vuqlkj
vkidks ckjg cjl osQ fy, vkSj ouokl djuk
gksxkA¸
bl ij ;qfèkf"Bj ga¡l iM+s vkSj cksysµ¶nwrx.k
'kh?kz gh okil tkdj nq;ksZèku dks dgks fd
og firkeg Hkh"e vkSj tkudkjksa ls iwNdj
bl ckr dk fu'p; djs fd vtqZu tc izdV
gqvk Fkk] rc izfrKk dh vofèk iwjh gks pqdh
Fkh ;k ughaA esjk ;g nkok gS fd rsjgok¡ cjl
iwjk gksus osQ ckn gh vtqZUk us èkuq"k dh Vadkj
dh FkhA¸
Rationalised 2023-24