NCERT Textbook: भीष्म-शरशैय्या पर | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7 PDF Download

 Page 1


cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 75
Hkh"e 'kj&'k¸;k ij
32
nlosa fnu dk ;q¼ 'kq: gqvkA vkt ikaMoksa us
f'k[kaMh dks vkxs fd;k FkkA vkxs&vkxs f'k[kaMh
vkSj mlosQ ihNs vtqZuA f'k[kaMh dh vkM+ ls
vtqZu us firkeg ij ck.k cjlk,A f'k[kaMh osQ
ck.kksa us o`¼ firkeg dk o{k&LFky chaèk MkykA
Hkh"e us vius psgjs ij ”kjk Hkh f'kdu u vkus
nh vkSj f'k[kaMh osQ ck.kksa dk izR;qÙkj ugha
fn;kA vtqZu us tc ;g ns[kk fd firkeg
izfrjksèk ugha dj jgs gSa] rks ”kjk th dM+k djosQ
mlus Hkh"e osQ eeZ&LFkkuksa dks y{; djosQ
rh[ks ck.kksa ls chaèkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA Hkh"e dk
lkjk 'kjhj ¯cèk x;k] ij brus ij Hkh mudk
eq[k efyu u gqvkA Hkh"e us vtqZu ij 'kfDr&vL=k
pyk;kA vtqZu us mls rhu ck.kksa ls dkV
fxjk;kA vc Hkh"e dks ;g fu'p; gks x;k Fkk
fd vkt dk ;q¼ mudk vkf[kjh ;q¼ gksxkA
bl dkj.k og gkFk esa <ky&ryokj ysdj jFk
ls mrjus yxsA vtZqu dk ck.k cjlkuk tkjh
FkkA mlosQ ck.kksa us firkeg osQ 'kjhj esa m¡xyh
j[kus dh Hkh txg u NksM+h FkhA firkeg osQ
lkjs 'kjhj esa ck.k&gh&ck.k ?kql x, FksA ,slh
voLFkk esa gh Hkh"e jFk ls flj osQ cy ”kehu
ij fxj iM+sA Hkh"e fxj rks x,] ysfdu mudk
'kjhj Hkwfe ls ugha yxkA lkjs 'kjhj esa tks ck.k
yxs gq, Fks os ,d rjI
+
kQ ls ?kqldj nwljh rjI
+
kQ
fudy vk, FksA Hkh"e dk 'kjhj ”kehu ij u
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 2


cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 75
Hkh"e 'kj&'k¸;k ij
32
nlosa fnu dk ;q¼ 'kq: gqvkA vkt ikaMoksa us
f'k[kaMh dks vkxs fd;k FkkA vkxs&vkxs f'k[kaMh
vkSj mlosQ ihNs vtqZuA f'k[kaMh dh vkM+ ls
vtqZu us firkeg ij ck.k cjlk,A f'k[kaMh osQ
ck.kksa us o`¼ firkeg dk o{k&LFky chaèk MkykA
Hkh"e us vius psgjs ij ”kjk Hkh f'kdu u vkus
nh vkSj f'k[kaMh osQ ck.kksa dk izR;qÙkj ugha
fn;kA vtqZu us tc ;g ns[kk fd firkeg
izfrjksèk ugha dj jgs gSa] rks ”kjk th dM+k djosQ
mlus Hkh"e osQ eeZ&LFkkuksa dks y{; djosQ
rh[ks ck.kksa ls chaèkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA Hkh"e dk
lkjk 'kjhj ¯cèk x;k] ij brus ij Hkh mudk
eq[k efyu u gqvkA Hkh"e us vtqZu ij 'kfDr&vL=k
pyk;kA vtqZu us mls rhu ck.kksa ls dkV
fxjk;kA vc Hkh"e dks ;g fu'p; gks x;k Fkk
fd vkt dk ;q¼ mudk vkf[kjh ;q¼ gksxkA
bl dkj.k og gkFk esa <ky&ryokj ysdj jFk
ls mrjus yxsA vtZqu dk ck.k cjlkuk tkjh
FkkA mlosQ ck.kksa us firkeg osQ 'kjhj esa m¡xyh
j[kus dh Hkh txg u NksM+h FkhA firkeg osQ
lkjs 'kjhj esa ck.k&gh&ck.k ?kql x, FksA ,slh
voLFkk esa gh Hkh"e jFk ls flj osQ cy ”kehu
ij fxj iM+sA Hkh"e fxj rks x,] ysfdu mudk
'kjhj Hkwfe ls ugha yxkA lkjs 'kjhj esa tks ck.k
yxs gq, Fks os ,d rjI
+
kQ ls ?kqldj nwljh rjI
+
kQ
fudy vk, FksA Hkh"e dk 'kjhj ”kehu ij u
Rationalised 2023-24
76 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
fxjdj mu rhjksa osQ lgkjs gh mQij mBk jgkA
firkeg vtqZu ls cksysµ¶csVk vtqZu] esjs flj
osQ uhps dksbZ lgkjk ugha gSA og yVd jgk gSA
dksbZ Bhd&lk lgkjk rks yxk nksA¸
Hkh"e us ;s opu mlh vtqZu ls dgs]
ftlus vHkh&vHkh izk.kgkjh ck.kksa ls mudks chaèk
Mkyk FkkA Hkh"e dk vkns'k lqurs gh vtqZu us
vius rjdl ls rhu rs”k ck.k fudkys vkSj
firkeg dk flj mudh uksad ij j[kdj muosQ
fy, mi;qDr rfd;k cuk fn;kA
Hkh"e cksysµ¶gs jktkx.k! vtqZu us esjs
fy, tks fljgkuk cuk;k gS] mlh ls eSa izlUu
gqvk gw¡A vHkh esjk 'kjhj&R;kx djus dk mfpr
le; ugha gqvk gSA vr% lw;Zukjk;.k osQ mÙkjk;.k
gksus rd eSa ;gha vkSj ,slk gh iM+k jgw¡xkA vki
yksxksa esa ls tks Hkh ml le; rd thfor cpsa]
os vkdj eq>s ns[k tk,¡A¸
blosQ ckn firkeg us vtqZu ls dgkµ¶csVk!
esjk lkjk 'kjhj ty jgk gS vkSj I;kl yx jgh
gSA FkksM+k ikuh rks fiykvksA¸
vtqZu us rqjar èkuq"k rkudj Hkh"e dh
nkfguh cxy esa i`Foh ij cM+s ”kksj ls ,d rhj
ekjkA ck.k i`Foh esa ?kqldj lhèkk ikrky esa tk
yxkA mlh {k.k ml LFky ls ty dk ,d
lksrk iwQV fudykA vkSj firkeg Hkh"e us ve`r
osQ leku eèkqj vkSj 'khry ty ihdj viuh
I;kl cq>kbZA og cgqr gh [kq'k vkSj izlUu
fn[kkbZ fn,A
tc d.kZ dks ;g irk pyk fd firkeg Hkh"e
?kk;y gksdj j.k{ks=k esa iM+s gSa] rks og muosQ
ikl x;kA iz.kke djosQ tc d.kZ mBk] rks
firkeg dks mlosQ eq[k ij Hk; dh Nk;k&lh
fn[kkbZ nhA ;g ns[kdj Hkh"e dk fny Hkj
vk;kA 'kjhj ij yxs gq, ck.kksa ls gksusokys d"V
dks nckdj cksysµ¶csVk] rqe jkèkk osQ iq=k ugha]
oaqQrh osQ iq=k gksA lw;Ziq=k! eSaus rqels dHkh }s"k
ugha fd;kA vdkj.k gh rqeus ikaMoksa ls oSj
j[kkA blh dkj.k rqEgkjs izfr esjk eu efyu
gqvkA rqEgkjh nku&ohjrk vkSj 'kwjrk ls eSa
Hkyh&Hkk¡fr ifjfpr gw¡A blesa dksbZ lansg ugha
fd 'kwjrk esa rqe o`Q".k vkSj vtqZu dh cjkcjh
dj ldrs gksA rqe ikaMoksa esa T;s"B gksA bl
dkj.k rqEgkjk drZO; gS fd rqe muls fe=krk
dj yksA esjh ;gh bPNk gS fd ;q¼ esa esjs
lsukifrRo osQ lkFk gh ikaMoksa osQ izfr rqEgkjs
oSjHkko dk Hkh vkt gh var gks tk,A¸
;g lqudj d.kZ cM+h uezrk osQ lkFk
cksykµ¶firkeg! eSa tkurk gw¡ fd eSa oaqQrh dk
iq=k gw¡] ysfdu ;g Hkh eq>s ekywe gS fd eSa
lwr&iq=k ugha gw¡] ysfdu ;g ckr eq>ls ugha gks
ldrh fd vc eSa nq;ksZèku dk lkFk NksM+ nw¡ vkSj
muosQ 'k=kqvksa ls tk feyw¡A esjk drZO; ;gh gS
fd eSa nq;ksZèku osQ gh i{k esa jgdj ;q¼ d:¡A
vki o`Qi;k eq>s bl ckr dh vuqefr nsa fd eSa
nq;ksZèku dh rjI
+
kQ ls yM
+
w
¡A eSaus tks oqQN fd;k ;k
dgk gS] mlesa ftrus nks"k gksa] mlosQ fy, eq>s
{kek dj nsaA¸
d.kZ dk dFku Hkh"e cM+s è;ku ls lqurs
jgsA mlosQ ckn cksysµ¶tks rqEgkjh bPNk gks]
ogh djksA¸
Hkh"e firkeg ls vk'kh"k ikdj d.kZ cgqr
izlUu gqvk vkSj jFk ij p<+dj ;q¼{ks=k esa tk
igq¡pkA d.kZ dks ns[krs gh nq;ksZèku vkuan osQ ekjs
iwQy mBkA Hkh"e osQ fcNksg dk tks nq[k mlosQ
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 3


cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 75
Hkh"e 'kj&'k¸;k ij
32
nlosa fnu dk ;q¼ 'kq: gqvkA vkt ikaMoksa us
f'k[kaMh dks vkxs fd;k FkkA vkxs&vkxs f'k[kaMh
vkSj mlosQ ihNs vtqZuA f'k[kaMh dh vkM+ ls
vtqZu us firkeg ij ck.k cjlk,A f'k[kaMh osQ
ck.kksa us o`¼ firkeg dk o{k&LFky chaèk MkykA
Hkh"e us vius psgjs ij ”kjk Hkh f'kdu u vkus
nh vkSj f'k[kaMh osQ ck.kksa dk izR;qÙkj ugha
fn;kA vtqZu us tc ;g ns[kk fd firkeg
izfrjksèk ugha dj jgs gSa] rks ”kjk th dM+k djosQ
mlus Hkh"e osQ eeZ&LFkkuksa dks y{; djosQ
rh[ks ck.kksa ls chaèkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA Hkh"e dk
lkjk 'kjhj ¯cèk x;k] ij brus ij Hkh mudk
eq[k efyu u gqvkA Hkh"e us vtqZu ij 'kfDr&vL=k
pyk;kA vtqZu us mls rhu ck.kksa ls dkV
fxjk;kA vc Hkh"e dks ;g fu'p; gks x;k Fkk
fd vkt dk ;q¼ mudk vkf[kjh ;q¼ gksxkA
bl dkj.k og gkFk esa <ky&ryokj ysdj jFk
ls mrjus yxsA vtZqu dk ck.k cjlkuk tkjh
FkkA mlosQ ck.kksa us firkeg osQ 'kjhj esa m¡xyh
j[kus dh Hkh txg u NksM+h FkhA firkeg osQ
lkjs 'kjhj esa ck.k&gh&ck.k ?kql x, FksA ,slh
voLFkk esa gh Hkh"e jFk ls flj osQ cy ”kehu
ij fxj iM+sA Hkh"e fxj rks x,] ysfdu mudk
'kjhj Hkwfe ls ugha yxkA lkjs 'kjhj esa tks ck.k
yxs gq, Fks os ,d rjI
+
kQ ls ?kqldj nwljh rjI
+
kQ
fudy vk, FksA Hkh"e dk 'kjhj ”kehu ij u
Rationalised 2023-24
76 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
fxjdj mu rhjksa osQ lgkjs gh mQij mBk jgkA
firkeg vtqZu ls cksysµ¶csVk vtqZu] esjs flj
osQ uhps dksbZ lgkjk ugha gSA og yVd jgk gSA
dksbZ Bhd&lk lgkjk rks yxk nksA¸
Hkh"e us ;s opu mlh vtqZu ls dgs]
ftlus vHkh&vHkh izk.kgkjh ck.kksa ls mudks chaèk
Mkyk FkkA Hkh"e dk vkns'k lqurs gh vtqZu us
vius rjdl ls rhu rs”k ck.k fudkys vkSj
firkeg dk flj mudh uksad ij j[kdj muosQ
fy, mi;qDr rfd;k cuk fn;kA
Hkh"e cksysµ¶gs jktkx.k! vtqZu us esjs
fy, tks fljgkuk cuk;k gS] mlh ls eSa izlUu
gqvk gw¡A vHkh esjk 'kjhj&R;kx djus dk mfpr
le; ugha gqvk gSA vr% lw;Zukjk;.k osQ mÙkjk;.k
gksus rd eSa ;gha vkSj ,slk gh iM+k jgw¡xkA vki
yksxksa esa ls tks Hkh ml le; rd thfor cpsa]
os vkdj eq>s ns[k tk,¡A¸
blosQ ckn firkeg us vtqZu ls dgkµ¶csVk!
esjk lkjk 'kjhj ty jgk gS vkSj I;kl yx jgh
gSA FkksM+k ikuh rks fiykvksA¸
vtqZu us rqjar èkuq"k rkudj Hkh"e dh
nkfguh cxy esa i`Foh ij cM+s ”kksj ls ,d rhj
ekjkA ck.k i`Foh esa ?kqldj lhèkk ikrky esa tk
yxkA mlh {k.k ml LFky ls ty dk ,d
lksrk iwQV fudykA vkSj firkeg Hkh"e us ve`r
osQ leku eèkqj vkSj 'khry ty ihdj viuh
I;kl cq>kbZA og cgqr gh [kq'k vkSj izlUu
fn[kkbZ fn,A
tc d.kZ dks ;g irk pyk fd firkeg Hkh"e
?kk;y gksdj j.k{ks=k esa iM+s gSa] rks og muosQ
ikl x;kA iz.kke djosQ tc d.kZ mBk] rks
firkeg dks mlosQ eq[k ij Hk; dh Nk;k&lh
fn[kkbZ nhA ;g ns[kdj Hkh"e dk fny Hkj
vk;kA 'kjhj ij yxs gq, ck.kksa ls gksusokys d"V
dks nckdj cksysµ¶csVk] rqe jkèkk osQ iq=k ugha]
oaqQrh osQ iq=k gksA lw;Ziq=k! eSaus rqels dHkh }s"k
ugha fd;kA vdkj.k gh rqeus ikaMoksa ls oSj
j[kkA blh dkj.k rqEgkjs izfr esjk eu efyu
gqvkA rqEgkjh nku&ohjrk vkSj 'kwjrk ls eSa
Hkyh&Hkk¡fr ifjfpr gw¡A blesa dksbZ lansg ugha
fd 'kwjrk esa rqe o`Q".k vkSj vtqZu dh cjkcjh
dj ldrs gksA rqe ikaMoksa esa T;s"B gksA bl
dkj.k rqEgkjk drZO; gS fd rqe muls fe=krk
dj yksA esjh ;gh bPNk gS fd ;q¼ esa esjs
lsukifrRo osQ lkFk gh ikaMoksa osQ izfr rqEgkjs
oSjHkko dk Hkh vkt gh var gks tk,A¸
;g lqudj d.kZ cM+h uezrk osQ lkFk
cksykµ¶firkeg! eSa tkurk gw¡ fd eSa oaqQrh dk
iq=k gw¡] ysfdu ;g Hkh eq>s ekywe gS fd eSa
lwr&iq=k ugha gw¡] ysfdu ;g ckr eq>ls ugha gks
ldrh fd vc eSa nq;ksZèku dk lkFk NksM+ nw¡ vkSj
muosQ 'k=kqvksa ls tk feyw¡A esjk drZO; ;gh gS
fd eSa nq;ksZèku osQ gh i{k esa jgdj ;q¼ d:¡A
vki o`Qi;k eq>s bl ckr dh vuqefr nsa fd eSa
nq;ksZèku dh rjI
+
kQ ls yM
+
w
¡A eSaus tks oqQN fd;k ;k
dgk gS] mlesa ftrus nks"k gksa] mlosQ fy, eq>s
{kek dj nsaA¸
d.kZ dk dFku Hkh"e cM+s è;ku ls lqurs
jgsA mlosQ ckn cksysµ¶tks rqEgkjh bPNk gks]
ogh djksA¸
Hkh"e firkeg ls vk'kh"k ikdj d.kZ cgqr
izlUu gqvk vkSj jFk ij p<+dj ;q¼{ks=k esa tk
igq¡pkA d.kZ dks ns[krs gh nq;ksZèku vkuan osQ ekjs
iwQy mBkA Hkh"e osQ fcNksg dk tks nq[k mlosQ
Rationalised 2023-24
cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 77
fy, nq%lg&lk izrhr gks jgk Fkk] vc d.kZ osQ
vk tkus ij fdlh rjg mls Hkwy tkuk mlosQ
fy, laHko ekywe gksus yxkA
nq;ksZèku vkSj d.kZ bl ckjs esa lksp&fopkj
djus yxs fd vc lsukifr fdls cuk;k tk,A
jhfr ls nzks.kkpk;Z dk lsukifr&in ij vfHk"ksd
gqvkA nzks.kkpk;Z us ik¡p fnu rd dkSjoksa dh
lsuk dk lapkyu djrs gq, ?kksj ;q¼ fd;kA
;|fi voLFkk esa og cw<+s Fks] fiQj Hkh lkR;fd]
Hkhe] vtqZu] èk`"V|qEu] vfHkeU;q] nzqin] dkf'kjkt
vkfn lqfo[;kr ohjksa osQ fojQ¼ nzks.kkpk;Z vosQys
gh fHkM+ tkrs Fks vkSj ,d&,d dks [knsM+ nsrs
FksA ik¡pksa fnu rd muosQ gkFkksa ikaMoksa dh lsuk
cgqr gh lrkbZ xbZA vkpk;Z nzks.k us ikaMo&lsuk
dh ukd esa ne dj fn;kA nzks.kkpk;Z osQ lsukifrRo
xzg.k djus osQ ckn nq;ksZèku] d.kZ vkSj nq%'kkluµ
rhuksa us vkil esa lykg djosQ ,d ;kstuk
cukbZA mlosQ vuqlkj nq;ksZèku vkpk;Z osQ ikl
tkdj cksyk&¶vkpk;Z! fdlh Hkh mik; ls vki
;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor gh idM+ dj gekjs gokys
dj losaQ rks cM+k gh mÙke gks!¸
nq;ksZèku dk mís'; rks oqQN vkSj gh FkkA
nq;ksZèku dks ;g Hkh irk py x;k Fkk fd
;qfèkf"Bj dk oèk djus ls dksbZ ykHk ugha gks
ldrkA blosQ foijhr ;fn ;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor
idM+ fy;k tk,] rks ;q¼ Hkh 'kh?kz gh can gks
tk,xk vkSj thr Hkh dkSjoksa dh gksxhA FkksM+k
jkT; ;qfèkf"Bj dks nsus dk cgkuk djuk gksxk]
lks og dj nsaxs vkSj ckn esa fiQj tqvk [ksydj
lgt gh esa mls okil Nhu Hkh ysaxsA bUgha lc
fopkjksa ls izsfjr gksdj nq;ksZèku us nzks.kkpk;Z ls
;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor idM+ ykus dk vuqjksèk
fd;k FkkA ysfdu nzks.k dks tc nq;ksZèku osQ
vlyh mís'; dk irk yxk] rks og cgqr
mnkl gks x,A blls muosQ eu esa nq;ksZèku osQ
izfr rhoz ?k`.kk mRiUu gks xbZA eu&gh&eu ;g
lkspdj mUgksaus larks"k dj fy;k fd ;qfèkf"Bj
osQ izk.k u ysus dk dksbZ&u&dksbZ cgkuk rks fey
gh x;kA
ikaMo rks nzks.kkpk;Z dh vf}rh; 'kwjrk ,oa
'kL=k fo|k osQ vuqie Kku ls Hkyh&Hkk¡fr
ifjfpr gh FksA vr% tc lquk fd nzks.kkpk;Z us
;qfèkf"Bj dks idM+us dk fu'p; gh ugha fd;k
gS] cfYd izfrKk Hkh dh gS] rks os Hkh Hk;Hkhr
gks x,A lcdks ;gh ¯prk jgus yxh fd fdlh
Hkh rjg ;qfèkf"Bj dh j{kk dk iwjk&iwjk izcaèk
fd;k tk,A nzks.k us vius lkjFkh dks vkKk nh
fd jFk dks ml vksj ys pyks] ftèkj ;qfèkf"Bj
;q¼ dj jgs gksaA ;qfèkf"Bj l¡Hkys] blls igys
gh nzks.kkpk;Z osx ls muosQ fudV tk igq¡psA
èk`"V|qEu us g”kkj ps"Vk dh] ijarq og nzks.k dks
ugha jksd ldkA
^;qfèkf"Bj idM+s x,!* ^;qfèkf"Bj idM+s
x,!* dh fpYykgV ls lkjk oqQjQ{ks=k xw¡t mBkA
brus gh esa ,dk,d u tkus dgk¡ ls vtqZu mèkj
vk ig¡qpk vkSj vtqZu osQ xkaMho ls ck.kksa dh
,slh vfojy ckSNkj NwV jgh Fkh fd dksbZ ns[k
gh ugha ikrk Fkk fd dc ck.k èkuq"k ij p<+rs
vkSj dc NwVrs FksA oqQjQ{ks=k dk vkdk'k ck.kksa
ls Hkj x;kA bl dkj.k lkjs eSnku esa vaèkdkj&lk
Nk x;kA
vtqZu osQ geys osQ dkj.k nzks.kkpk;Z dks
ihNs gVuk iM+kA ;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor idM+us
dk mudk iz;Ru foiQy gks x;k vkSj laè;k
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 4


cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 75
Hkh"e 'kj&'k¸;k ij
32
nlosa fnu dk ;q¼ 'kq: gqvkA vkt ikaMoksa us
f'k[kaMh dks vkxs fd;k FkkA vkxs&vkxs f'k[kaMh
vkSj mlosQ ihNs vtqZuA f'k[kaMh dh vkM+ ls
vtqZu us firkeg ij ck.k cjlk,A f'k[kaMh osQ
ck.kksa us o`¼ firkeg dk o{k&LFky chaèk MkykA
Hkh"e us vius psgjs ij ”kjk Hkh f'kdu u vkus
nh vkSj f'k[kaMh osQ ck.kksa dk izR;qÙkj ugha
fn;kA vtqZu us tc ;g ns[kk fd firkeg
izfrjksèk ugha dj jgs gSa] rks ”kjk th dM+k djosQ
mlus Hkh"e osQ eeZ&LFkkuksa dks y{; djosQ
rh[ks ck.kksa ls chaèkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA Hkh"e dk
lkjk 'kjhj ¯cèk x;k] ij brus ij Hkh mudk
eq[k efyu u gqvkA Hkh"e us vtqZu ij 'kfDr&vL=k
pyk;kA vtqZu us mls rhu ck.kksa ls dkV
fxjk;kA vc Hkh"e dks ;g fu'p; gks x;k Fkk
fd vkt dk ;q¼ mudk vkf[kjh ;q¼ gksxkA
bl dkj.k og gkFk esa <ky&ryokj ysdj jFk
ls mrjus yxsA vtZqu dk ck.k cjlkuk tkjh
FkkA mlosQ ck.kksa us firkeg osQ 'kjhj esa m¡xyh
j[kus dh Hkh txg u NksM+h FkhA firkeg osQ
lkjs 'kjhj esa ck.k&gh&ck.k ?kql x, FksA ,slh
voLFkk esa gh Hkh"e jFk ls flj osQ cy ”kehu
ij fxj iM+sA Hkh"e fxj rks x,] ysfdu mudk
'kjhj Hkwfe ls ugha yxkA lkjs 'kjhj esa tks ck.k
yxs gq, Fks os ,d rjI
+
kQ ls ?kqldj nwljh rjI
+
kQ
fudy vk, FksA Hkh"e dk 'kjhj ”kehu ij u
Rationalised 2023-24
76 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
fxjdj mu rhjksa osQ lgkjs gh mQij mBk jgkA
firkeg vtqZu ls cksysµ¶csVk vtqZu] esjs flj
osQ uhps dksbZ lgkjk ugha gSA og yVd jgk gSA
dksbZ Bhd&lk lgkjk rks yxk nksA¸
Hkh"e us ;s opu mlh vtqZu ls dgs]
ftlus vHkh&vHkh izk.kgkjh ck.kksa ls mudks chaèk
Mkyk FkkA Hkh"e dk vkns'k lqurs gh vtqZu us
vius rjdl ls rhu rs”k ck.k fudkys vkSj
firkeg dk flj mudh uksad ij j[kdj muosQ
fy, mi;qDr rfd;k cuk fn;kA
Hkh"e cksysµ¶gs jktkx.k! vtqZu us esjs
fy, tks fljgkuk cuk;k gS] mlh ls eSa izlUu
gqvk gw¡A vHkh esjk 'kjhj&R;kx djus dk mfpr
le; ugha gqvk gSA vr% lw;Zukjk;.k osQ mÙkjk;.k
gksus rd eSa ;gha vkSj ,slk gh iM+k jgw¡xkA vki
yksxksa esa ls tks Hkh ml le; rd thfor cpsa]
os vkdj eq>s ns[k tk,¡A¸
blosQ ckn firkeg us vtqZu ls dgkµ¶csVk!
esjk lkjk 'kjhj ty jgk gS vkSj I;kl yx jgh
gSA FkksM+k ikuh rks fiykvksA¸
vtqZu us rqjar èkuq"k rkudj Hkh"e dh
nkfguh cxy esa i`Foh ij cM+s ”kksj ls ,d rhj
ekjkA ck.k i`Foh esa ?kqldj lhèkk ikrky esa tk
yxkA mlh {k.k ml LFky ls ty dk ,d
lksrk iwQV fudykA vkSj firkeg Hkh"e us ve`r
osQ leku eèkqj vkSj 'khry ty ihdj viuh
I;kl cq>kbZA og cgqr gh [kq'k vkSj izlUu
fn[kkbZ fn,A
tc d.kZ dks ;g irk pyk fd firkeg Hkh"e
?kk;y gksdj j.k{ks=k esa iM+s gSa] rks og muosQ
ikl x;kA iz.kke djosQ tc d.kZ mBk] rks
firkeg dks mlosQ eq[k ij Hk; dh Nk;k&lh
fn[kkbZ nhA ;g ns[kdj Hkh"e dk fny Hkj
vk;kA 'kjhj ij yxs gq, ck.kksa ls gksusokys d"V
dks nckdj cksysµ¶csVk] rqe jkèkk osQ iq=k ugha]
oaqQrh osQ iq=k gksA lw;Ziq=k! eSaus rqels dHkh }s"k
ugha fd;kA vdkj.k gh rqeus ikaMoksa ls oSj
j[kkA blh dkj.k rqEgkjs izfr esjk eu efyu
gqvkA rqEgkjh nku&ohjrk vkSj 'kwjrk ls eSa
Hkyh&Hkk¡fr ifjfpr gw¡A blesa dksbZ lansg ugha
fd 'kwjrk esa rqe o`Q".k vkSj vtqZu dh cjkcjh
dj ldrs gksA rqe ikaMoksa esa T;s"B gksA bl
dkj.k rqEgkjk drZO; gS fd rqe muls fe=krk
dj yksA esjh ;gh bPNk gS fd ;q¼ esa esjs
lsukifrRo osQ lkFk gh ikaMoksa osQ izfr rqEgkjs
oSjHkko dk Hkh vkt gh var gks tk,A¸
;g lqudj d.kZ cM+h uezrk osQ lkFk
cksykµ¶firkeg! eSa tkurk gw¡ fd eSa oaqQrh dk
iq=k gw¡] ysfdu ;g Hkh eq>s ekywe gS fd eSa
lwr&iq=k ugha gw¡] ysfdu ;g ckr eq>ls ugha gks
ldrh fd vc eSa nq;ksZèku dk lkFk NksM+ nw¡ vkSj
muosQ 'k=kqvksa ls tk feyw¡A esjk drZO; ;gh gS
fd eSa nq;ksZèku osQ gh i{k esa jgdj ;q¼ d:¡A
vki o`Qi;k eq>s bl ckr dh vuqefr nsa fd eSa
nq;ksZèku dh rjI
+
kQ ls yM
+
w
¡A eSaus tks oqQN fd;k ;k
dgk gS] mlesa ftrus nks"k gksa] mlosQ fy, eq>s
{kek dj nsaA¸
d.kZ dk dFku Hkh"e cM+s è;ku ls lqurs
jgsA mlosQ ckn cksysµ¶tks rqEgkjh bPNk gks]
ogh djksA¸
Hkh"e firkeg ls vk'kh"k ikdj d.kZ cgqr
izlUu gqvk vkSj jFk ij p<+dj ;q¼{ks=k esa tk
igq¡pkA d.kZ dks ns[krs gh nq;ksZèku vkuan osQ ekjs
iwQy mBkA Hkh"e osQ fcNksg dk tks nq[k mlosQ
Rationalised 2023-24
cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 77
fy, nq%lg&lk izrhr gks jgk Fkk] vc d.kZ osQ
vk tkus ij fdlh rjg mls Hkwy tkuk mlosQ
fy, laHko ekywe gksus yxkA
nq;ksZèku vkSj d.kZ bl ckjs esa lksp&fopkj
djus yxs fd vc lsukifr fdls cuk;k tk,A
jhfr ls nzks.kkpk;Z dk lsukifr&in ij vfHk"ksd
gqvkA nzks.kkpk;Z us ik¡p fnu rd dkSjoksa dh
lsuk dk lapkyu djrs gq, ?kksj ;q¼ fd;kA
;|fi voLFkk esa og cw<+s Fks] fiQj Hkh lkR;fd]
Hkhe] vtqZu] èk`"V|qEu] vfHkeU;q] nzqin] dkf'kjkt
vkfn lqfo[;kr ohjksa osQ fojQ¼ nzks.kkpk;Z vosQys
gh fHkM+ tkrs Fks vkSj ,d&,d dks [knsM+ nsrs
FksA ik¡pksa fnu rd muosQ gkFkksa ikaMoksa dh lsuk
cgqr gh lrkbZ xbZA vkpk;Z nzks.k us ikaMo&lsuk
dh ukd esa ne dj fn;kA nzks.kkpk;Z osQ lsukifrRo
xzg.k djus osQ ckn nq;ksZèku] d.kZ vkSj nq%'kkluµ
rhuksa us vkil esa lykg djosQ ,d ;kstuk
cukbZA mlosQ vuqlkj nq;ksZèku vkpk;Z osQ ikl
tkdj cksyk&¶vkpk;Z! fdlh Hkh mik; ls vki
;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor gh idM+ dj gekjs gokys
dj losaQ rks cM+k gh mÙke gks!¸
nq;ksZèku dk mís'; rks oqQN vkSj gh FkkA
nq;ksZèku dks ;g Hkh irk py x;k Fkk fd
;qfèkf"Bj dk oèk djus ls dksbZ ykHk ugha gks
ldrkA blosQ foijhr ;fn ;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor
idM+ fy;k tk,] rks ;q¼ Hkh 'kh?kz gh can gks
tk,xk vkSj thr Hkh dkSjoksa dh gksxhA FkksM+k
jkT; ;qfèkf"Bj dks nsus dk cgkuk djuk gksxk]
lks og dj nsaxs vkSj ckn esa fiQj tqvk [ksydj
lgt gh esa mls okil Nhu Hkh ysaxsA bUgha lc
fopkjksa ls izsfjr gksdj nq;ksZèku us nzks.kkpk;Z ls
;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor idM+ ykus dk vuqjksèk
fd;k FkkA ysfdu nzks.k dks tc nq;ksZèku osQ
vlyh mís'; dk irk yxk] rks og cgqr
mnkl gks x,A blls muosQ eu esa nq;ksZèku osQ
izfr rhoz ?k`.kk mRiUu gks xbZA eu&gh&eu ;g
lkspdj mUgksaus larks"k dj fy;k fd ;qfèkf"Bj
osQ izk.k u ysus dk dksbZ&u&dksbZ cgkuk rks fey
gh x;kA
ikaMo rks nzks.kkpk;Z dh vf}rh; 'kwjrk ,oa
'kL=k fo|k osQ vuqie Kku ls Hkyh&Hkk¡fr
ifjfpr gh FksA vr% tc lquk fd nzks.kkpk;Z us
;qfèkf"Bj dks idM+us dk fu'p; gh ugha fd;k
gS] cfYd izfrKk Hkh dh gS] rks os Hkh Hk;Hkhr
gks x,A lcdks ;gh ¯prk jgus yxh fd fdlh
Hkh rjg ;qfèkf"Bj dh j{kk dk iwjk&iwjk izcaèk
fd;k tk,A nzks.k us vius lkjFkh dks vkKk nh
fd jFk dks ml vksj ys pyks] ftèkj ;qfèkf"Bj
;q¼ dj jgs gksaA ;qfèkf"Bj l¡Hkys] blls igys
gh nzks.kkpk;Z osx ls muosQ fudV tk igq¡psA
èk`"V|qEu us g”kkj ps"Vk dh] ijarq og nzks.k dks
ugha jksd ldkA
^;qfèkf"Bj idM+s x,!* ^;qfèkf"Bj idM+s
x,!* dh fpYykgV ls lkjk oqQjQ{ks=k xw¡t mBkA
brus gh esa ,dk,d u tkus dgk¡ ls vtqZu mèkj
vk ig¡qpk vkSj vtqZu osQ xkaMho ls ck.kksa dh
,slh vfojy ckSNkj NwV jgh Fkh fd dksbZ ns[k
gh ugha ikrk Fkk fd dc ck.k èkuq"k ij p<+rs
vkSj dc NwVrs FksA oqQjQ{ks=k dk vkdk'k ck.kksa
ls Hkj x;kA bl dkj.k lkjs eSnku esa vaèkdkj&lk
Nk x;kA
vtqZu osQ geys osQ dkj.k nzks.kkpk;Z dks
ihNs gVuk iM+kA ;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor idM+us
dk mudk iz;Ru foiQy gks x;k vkSj laè;k
Rationalised 2023-24
78 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
gksrs&gksrs ml fnu dk ;q¼ Hkh can gks x;kA
dkSjo&lsuk esa Hk; Nk x;kA ikaMo&lsuk osQ ohj
'kku ls vius&vius f'kfoj dks ykSV pysA
lSU;&lewg osQ ihNs&ihNs pyrs gq, o`Q".k vkSj
vtqZu vius f'kfoj esa tk igq¡psA bl izdkj
X;kjgosa fnu dk ;q¼ lekIr gqvkA
Rationalised 2023-24