NCERT Textbook: बारहवां दिन | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7 PDF Download

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78 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor idM+us dh ps"Vk osQ
foiQy gks tkus ij var esa ;gh fu'p; fd;k
x;k fd vtqZu dks ;q¼ osQ fy, yydkjk tk,
vkSj yM+rs&yM+rs mls ;qfèkf"Bj ls nwj gVkdj
ys tk;k tk,A ;q¼ dk ckjgok¡ fnu FkkA cgqr
gh Hk;kud yM+kbZ gks jgh FkhA vkpk;Z nzks.k us
;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor idM+us dh dbZ ckj ps"Vk
dh ij vliQy jgsA ^HkxnÙk osQ gkFkh us
Hkhelsu dks ekj fn;k!* ;g 'kksj lqudj ;qfèkf"Bj
us Hkh fo'okl dj fy;k fd Hkhelsu lpeqp
gh ekjk x;k gksxkA ;g lkspdj mUgksaus vius
ohjksa dks vkKk nh fd os HkxnÙk ij geyk djsaA
bèkj ;qfèkf"Bj }kjk Hksth xbZ oqQeqd vk igq¡ph
Fkh vkSj o`¼ HkxnÙk dks pkjksa rjI
+
kQ ls ikaMo&ohjksa
us ?ksj fy;k FkkA mèkj nwj vtqZu la'kIrdksa ls
yM+ jgk FkkA
vtqZu osQ igq¡prs gh ikaMoksa dh lsuk esa
u;k mRlkg vk x;kA gkFkh ij lokj HkxnÙk
us vtqZu vkSj Jho`Q".k nksuksa ij gh ck.k
cjlkus 'kq: fd,A HkxnÙk us ,d rksej vtqZu
ij pyk;kA rksej vtqZu osQ eqoqQV ij tk
yxkA blls vtqZu dks cM+k Øksèk vk;kA mlus
viuk eqoqQV l¡Hkkydj j[k fy;k vkSj
cksykµ¶HkxnÙk vc bl lalkj dks vafre ckj
vPNh rjg ls ns[k yksA¸ ;g dgrs&dgrs
vtqZu us viuk xkaMho rku fy;kA vtqZu }kjk
NksM+s x, ck.kksa ls HkxnÙk dk èkuq"k VwV x;kA
rjd'k dk Hkh ;gh gky gqvkA vtqZu us
HkxnÙk osQ eeZ&LFkkuksa ij Hkh ck.k pykdj
mUgsa Nsn MkykA blosQ ckn vtqZu osQ rs”k
ck.kksa ls HkxnÙk dh vk¡[kksa osQ mQij c¡èkh gqbZ
js'ke dh i^h dV xbZ] tks mldh vk¡[kksa osQ
mQij yVd vkusokyh peM+h dks mQij mBk,
j[krh FkhA blls HkxnÙk dh vk¡[ksa can gks xb±A
mls oqQN Hkh lw>uk can gks x;kA og v¡èksjs esa
ekuks foyhu&lk gks x;kA FkksM+h gh nsj ckn
,d vkSj iSus ck.k us mldh Nkrh Hksn MkyhA
HkxnÙk dks fxjrs gq, ns[kdj dkSjoksa dh lsuk
ekjs Hk; osQ frrj&fcrj gksus yxhA ¯drq
'koqQfu osQ nks HkkbZ o`"kd vkSj vpd rc Hkh
fopfyr u gq, vkSj tedj yM+rs jgsA mu
nksuksa ohjksa us vtqZu ij vkxs vkSj ihNs ls
ck.kksa dh o"kkZ djosQ [kwc ijs'kku fd;kA
vtqZu us FkksM+h nsj ckn mu nksuksa osQ jFkksa dks
rgl&ugl dj fn;k vkSj mudh lsukvksa ij
Hkh Hk;kud ck.k&o"kkZ dhA ¯lg&f'k'kqvksa osQ
leku os nksuksa HkkbZ vtqZu osQ ck.kksa ls ?kk;y
gksdj fxj iM+s vkSj e`R;q dks izkIr gq,A
ckjgok¡ fnu
33
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 2


78 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor idM+us dh ps"Vk osQ
foiQy gks tkus ij var esa ;gh fu'p; fd;k
x;k fd vtqZu dks ;q¼ osQ fy, yydkjk tk,
vkSj yM+rs&yM+rs mls ;qfèkf"Bj ls nwj gVkdj
ys tk;k tk,A ;q¼ dk ckjgok¡ fnu FkkA cgqr
gh Hk;kud yM+kbZ gks jgh FkhA vkpk;Z nzks.k us
;qfèkf"Bj dks thfor idM+us dh dbZ ckj ps"Vk
dh ij vliQy jgsA ^HkxnÙk osQ gkFkh us
Hkhelsu dks ekj fn;k!* ;g 'kksj lqudj ;qfèkf"Bj
us Hkh fo'okl dj fy;k fd Hkhelsu lpeqp
gh ekjk x;k gksxkA ;g lkspdj mUgksaus vius
ohjksa dks vkKk nh fd os HkxnÙk ij geyk djsaA
bèkj ;qfèkf"Bj }kjk Hksth xbZ oqQeqd vk igq¡ph
Fkh vkSj o`¼ HkxnÙk dks pkjksa rjI
+
kQ ls ikaMo&ohjksa
us ?ksj fy;k FkkA mèkj nwj vtqZu la'kIrdksa ls
yM+ jgk FkkA
vtqZu osQ igq¡prs gh ikaMoksa dh lsuk esa
u;k mRlkg vk x;kA gkFkh ij lokj HkxnÙk
us vtqZu vkSj Jho`Q".k nksuksa ij gh ck.k
cjlkus 'kq: fd,A HkxnÙk us ,d rksej vtqZu
ij pyk;kA rksej vtqZu osQ eqoqQV ij tk
yxkA blls vtqZu dks cM+k Øksèk vk;kA mlus
viuk eqoqQV l¡Hkkydj j[k fy;k vkSj
cksykµ¶HkxnÙk vc bl lalkj dks vafre ckj
vPNh rjg ls ns[k yksA¸ ;g dgrs&dgrs
vtqZu us viuk xkaMho rku fy;kA vtqZu }kjk
NksM+s x, ck.kksa ls HkxnÙk dk èkuq"k VwV x;kA
rjd'k dk Hkh ;gh gky gqvkA vtqZu us
HkxnÙk osQ eeZ&LFkkuksa ij Hkh ck.k pykdj
mUgsa Nsn MkykA blosQ ckn vtqZu osQ rs”k
ck.kksa ls HkxnÙk dh vk¡[kksa osQ mQij c¡èkh gqbZ
js'ke dh i^h dV xbZ] tks mldh vk¡[kksa osQ
mQij yVd vkusokyh peM+h dks mQij mBk,
j[krh FkhA blls HkxnÙk dh vk¡[ksa can gks xb±A
mls oqQN Hkh lw>uk can gks x;kA og v¡èksjs esa
ekuks foyhu&lk gks x;kA FkksM+h gh nsj ckn
,d vkSj iSus ck.k us mldh Nkrh Hksn MkyhA
HkxnÙk dks fxjrs gq, ns[kdj dkSjoksa dh lsuk
ekjs Hk; osQ frrj&fcrj gksus yxhA ¯drq
'koqQfu osQ nks HkkbZ o`"kd vkSj vpd rc Hkh
fopfyr u gq, vkSj tedj yM+rs jgsA mu
nksuksa ohjksa us vtqZu ij vkxs vkSj ihNs ls
ck.kksa dh o"kkZ djosQ [kwc ijs'kku fd;kA
vtqZu us FkksM+h nsj ckn mu nksuksa osQ jFkksa dks
rgl&ugl dj fn;k vkSj mudh lsukvksa ij
Hkh Hk;kud ck.k&o"kkZ dhA ¯lg&f'k'kqvksa osQ
leku os nksuksa HkkbZ vtqZu osQ ck.kksa ls ?kk;y
gksdj fxj iM+s vkSj e`R;q dks izkIr gq,A
ckjgok¡ fnu
33
Rationalised 2023-24
cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 79
vius vuqie ohj Hkkb;ksa osQ ekjs tkus ij
'koqQfu osQ Øksèk vkSj {kksHk dh lhek u jghA
mlus ;q¼ 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj mu lc mik;ksa
ls dke fy;k] ftuesa mls oqQ'kyrk izkIr FkhA
ijarq vtqZu us mlosQ ,d&,d vL=k dks vius
tokch vL=kksa ls dkV MkykA var esa vtqZu osQ
ck.kksa ls 'koqQfu ,slk vkgr gqvk fd mls
;q¼&{ks=k ls gV tkuk iM+kA
blosQ ckn rks ikaMoksa dh lsuk nzks.kkpk;Z
dh lsuk ij VwV iM+hA vla[; ohj [ksr jgsA
[kwu dh ufn;k¡&lh cgus yxhaA FkksM+h nsj
ckn lw;Z vLr gqvkA viuh lsuk dk ;g
gky ns[kdj nzks.kkpk;Z us yM+kbZ can dj nhA
nksuksa i{kksa dh lsuk,¡ vius&vius Msjksa dks
py nha vkSj bl izdkj ckjgosa fnu dk ;q¼
lekIr gqvkA
Rationalised 2023-24