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DPP for NEET: Daily Practice Problems, Ch: Biotechnology- Principles & Processes
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FAQs on DPP for NEET: Daily Practice Problems, Ch: Biotechnology- Principles & Processes
| 1. What are restriction enzymes and how do they work in recombinant DNA technology? |  |
Ans. Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, creating fragments used in genetic engineering. These molecular scissors identify palindromic DNA sequences and make precise cuts, generating sticky ends or blunt ends. This cutting ability enables scientists to isolate genes and insert them into vectors for cloning and biotechnology applications.
| 2. How is plasmid DNA used as a vector in gene cloning for NEET preparation? | |
Ans. Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria that serve as ideal vectors for carrying foreign genes into host cells. They replicate independently and contain selectable marker genes, allowing scientists to identify successfully transformed organisms. In recombinant DNA technology, plasmids act as delivery vehicles, making them essential tools for creating genetically modified organisms and expressing desired proteins.
| 3. What's the difference between PCR and conventional DNA cloning methods? | |
Ans. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplifies specific DNA segments rapidly through repeated cycles of heating and cooling without living cells, while conventional cloning inserts genes into vectors and requires host cells for replication. PCR produces results in hours; cloning takes days. Both techniques are fundamental in molecular biology, but PCR is faster for DNA amplification whereas cloning creates stable, heritable genetic changes in organisms.
| 4. Why do we use selectable markers and reporter genes in genetic engineering? | |
Ans. Selectable markers and reporter genes identify successfully transformed cells carrying the desired recombinant DNA construct. Selectable markers (like antibiotic resistance genes) allow only genetically modified cells to survive in selective media, while reporter genes produce visible signals indicating successful gene insertion. These tools are critical for screening and isolating transformed organisms efficiently during biotechnology experiments and transgenic organism creation.
| 5. What are the main steps involved in the polymerase chain reaction and why is it revolutionary? | |
Ans. PCR involves three repeated cycles: denaturation (94°C-separating DNA strands), annealing (50-65°C-primer binding), and extension (72°C-DNA synthesis by Taq polymerase). This in vitro amplification technique exponentially increases specific DNA segments without living organisms, revolutionising diagnostic testing, forensics, and disease detection. PCR's speed, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness transformed modern molecular biology and biotechnology applications in research and clinical medicine.
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