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Principles of Inheritance & Variation Practice Questions - DPP for NEET

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1. What are the principles of inheritance and variation?
Ans. The principles of inheritance and variation are fundamental concepts in genetics. They explain how traits are passed down from one generation to another and how variations occur within a population. These principles include Mendel's laws of inheritance, such as the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment, as well as the concept of genetic variation through mechanisms like mutation, recombination, and genetic drift.
2. How do Mendel's laws of inheritance contribute to our understanding of genetics?
Ans. Mendel's laws of inheritance, derived from his experiments with pea plants, provide the foundation for our understanding of genetics. The law of segregation states that each individual has two alleles for a gene, and these alleles separate during gamete formation. The law of independent assortment states that different genes segregate independently of each other. These laws explain how traits are inherited and how genetic diversity is maintained within a population.
3. What is genetic variation and how does it occur?
Ans. Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA sequences and gene frequencies that exist within a population. It is caused by various mechanisms, including mutation, recombination, and genetic drift. Mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence and can introduce new alleles into a population. Recombination occurs during meiosis when genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes, leading to new combinations of alleles. Genetic drift, on the other hand, is the random change in gene frequencies due to chance events.
4. How does inheritance of traits contribute to the study of human genetics?
Ans. The study of inheritance of traits in humans is crucial for understanding human genetics and hereditary diseases. By studying patterns of inheritance, researchers can identify genes responsible for certain traits or diseases. This knowledge can help in predicting the likelihood of certain traits or diseases occurring in individuals or families. It also aids in genetic counseling, enabling individuals to make informed decisions about their health and the potential risks they may face.
5. What is the significance of studying principles of inheritance and variation for the NEET exam?
Ans. The principles of inheritance and variation are important topics in the NEET exam, particularly in the biology section. Understanding these principles is essential for answering questions related to genetics, evolution, and population genetics. By studying these concepts, NEET aspirants can gain a deeper understanding of genetic inheritance, genetic disorders, and the mechanisms that drive genetic diversity. This knowledge will enable them to effectively answer questions related to inheritance and variation on the exam.
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