NCERT Textbook: Individual Games & Sports II | Health and Physical Education for Class 10 PDF Download

 Page 1


Track and field events, as one of the major individual sports, 
have already been studied in the previous chapter. However 
there are other individual sports like Badminton, Gymnastics, 
Table Tennis, Tennis, Swimming and Combative Sports such 
as Judo and Boxing. We shall discuss these games in this 
chapter.
Badminton Badminton is a racket sport played by either two opposing 
players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles). The players 
take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that 
is divided by a net. It is one of the few sports where men and 
women can play together.  It is a game for all ages and abilities. 
Although fitness is a key aspect for professional players, it is 
also played as a recreation game across the world.
History
The origin of the badminton dates back to second century 
BC. Although it appears that this sport was named after 
Badminton House, Gloucestershire, owned by the Duke 
of Beaufort. In 1873, some British army officers in India 
initially played the game at ‘Poonah’ (now known as Pune) 
thus derived its name. In 1877 first set of rules were derived. 
These laws were gradually adopted by other nations. However, 
the game evolved as an international sport only after the 
first All England Championship. In 1934, the International 
Badminton Federation (now known as Badminton World 
Federation) was formed and the rules of the game were 
standardized. Badminton Association of India came into 
existence in the year 1934. Various state level associations 
are affiliated to it.
IndIvIdual Games 
and s ports II
Chap-5.indd   52 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Page 2


Track and field events, as one of the major individual sports, 
have already been studied in the previous chapter. However 
there are other individual sports like Badminton, Gymnastics, 
Table Tennis, Tennis, Swimming and Combative Sports such 
as Judo and Boxing. We shall discuss these games in this 
chapter.
Badminton Badminton is a racket sport played by either two opposing 
players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles). The players 
take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that 
is divided by a net. It is one of the few sports where men and 
women can play together.  It is a game for all ages and abilities. 
Although fitness is a key aspect for professional players, it is 
also played as a recreation game across the world.
History
The origin of the badminton dates back to second century 
BC. Although it appears that this sport was named after 
Badminton House, Gloucestershire, owned by the Duke 
of Beaufort. In 1873, some British army officers in India 
initially played the game at ‘Poonah’ (now known as Pune) 
thus derived its name. In 1877 first set of rules were derived. 
These laws were gradually adopted by other nations. However, 
the game evolved as an international sport only after the 
first All England Championship. In 1934, the International 
Badminton Federation (now known as Badminton World 
Federation) was formed and the rules of the game were 
standardized. Badminton Association of India came into 
existence in the year 1934. Various state level associations 
are affiliated to it.
IndIvIdual Games 
and s ports II
Chap-5.indd   52 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Ind Iv Idual Games and s ports II
Events
The events played in badminton are: (a) Singles’ (Men, 
Women), (b) Doubles’ (Men, Women), (c) Mixed Doubles’ 
(Combination of one Man and one Woman) and (d) Teams’ 
Event (Men, Women, Mixed) 
Court 
The court is rectangular, and is divided into 2 halves by a 
net. Court is usually marked for both singles’ and doubles’ 
play. The doubles’ court is wider than the ‘singles’ court.
The full width of the court is 6.1 metres, and in singles’ 
this width is reduced to 5.18 metres. The full length of the 
court is 13.4 metres. The service courts are marked by a 
centre line dividing the width of the court, by a short service 
line at a distance of 1.98 metres from the net, and by the 
outer side and back boundaries. In doubles’, the service 
court is also marked by a long service line, which is 0.76 
metres from the back boundary.
The net is 1.55 metres high at the edges and 1.524 metres 
high in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles 
sidelines, even when singles is played.
Post
Post
720 mm
3.80 m 1.90 m 3.80 m 720 mm
1.90 m
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
420 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
420 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
2.530 m 2.530 m
13.400 m
Right Service Court
6.100 m
Side Line For Doubles
Side Line For Single
Side Line For Single
Side Line For Doubles
Centre Line
Short Service Line
Short Service Line
Net
Centre Line Centre Line
Left Service Court For Doubles
Left Service Court
Right Service Court
Left Service Court For Singles
Left Service Court For Doubles
Left Service Court For Singles
Back Boundary Line
Fig. 5.1: Badminton court
Rules
Starting the game
A coin is tossed to start the game. The player winning the 
toss has the choice to serve first, or to choose which side of 
the court would they prefer. The player losing the toss gets 
the left over option.
Chap-5.indd   53 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Page 3


Track and field events, as one of the major individual sports, 
have already been studied in the previous chapter. However 
there are other individual sports like Badminton, Gymnastics, 
Table Tennis, Tennis, Swimming and Combative Sports such 
as Judo and Boxing. We shall discuss these games in this 
chapter.
Badminton Badminton is a racket sport played by either two opposing 
players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles). The players 
take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that 
is divided by a net. It is one of the few sports where men and 
women can play together.  It is a game for all ages and abilities. 
Although fitness is a key aspect for professional players, it is 
also played as a recreation game across the world.
History
The origin of the badminton dates back to second century 
BC. Although it appears that this sport was named after 
Badminton House, Gloucestershire, owned by the Duke 
of Beaufort. In 1873, some British army officers in India 
initially played the game at ‘Poonah’ (now known as Pune) 
thus derived its name. In 1877 first set of rules were derived. 
These laws were gradually adopted by other nations. However, 
the game evolved as an international sport only after the 
first All England Championship. In 1934, the International 
Badminton Federation (now known as Badminton World 
Federation) was formed and the rules of the game were 
standardized. Badminton Association of India came into 
existence in the year 1934. Various state level associations 
are affiliated to it.
IndIvIdual Games 
and s ports II
Chap-5.indd   52 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Ind Iv Idual Games and s ports II
Events
The events played in badminton are: (a) Singles’ (Men, 
Women), (b) Doubles’ (Men, Women), (c) Mixed Doubles’ 
(Combination of one Man and one Woman) and (d) Teams’ 
Event (Men, Women, Mixed) 
Court 
The court is rectangular, and is divided into 2 halves by a 
net. Court is usually marked for both singles’ and doubles’ 
play. The doubles’ court is wider than the ‘singles’ court.
The full width of the court is 6.1 metres, and in singles’ 
this width is reduced to 5.18 metres. The full length of the 
court is 13.4 metres. The service courts are marked by a 
centre line dividing the width of the court, by a short service 
line at a distance of 1.98 metres from the net, and by the 
outer side and back boundaries. In doubles’, the service 
court is also marked by a long service line, which is 0.76 
metres from the back boundary.
The net is 1.55 metres high at the edges and 1.524 metres 
high in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles 
sidelines, even when singles is played.
Post
Post
720 mm
3.80 m 1.90 m 3.80 m 720 mm
1.90 m
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
420 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
420 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
2.530 m 2.530 m
13.400 m
Right Service Court
6.100 m
Side Line For Doubles
Side Line For Single
Side Line For Single
Side Line For Doubles
Centre Line
Short Service Line
Short Service Line
Net
Centre Line Centre Line
Left Service Court For Doubles
Left Service Court
Right Service Court
Left Service Court For Singles
Left Service Court For Doubles
Left Service Court For Singles
Back Boundary Line
Fig. 5.1: Badminton court
Rules
Starting the game
A coin is tossed to start the game. The player winning the 
toss has the choice to serve first, or to choose which side of 
the court would they prefer. The player losing the toss gets 
the left over option.
Chap-5.indd   53 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Healt H and PHysical e ducation - c lass X
Service
 • At the beginning of the game of badminton and when 
the score is even, the server serves from the right 
service court.
 • Server and receiver always stand diagonally in opposite 
service courts.
 • The server’s racket shall initially hit the base of the 
shuttle.
 • While serving the whole of the shuttle shall be below 
1.15m from the surface of the court at the instant of 
impact of the racket with the shuttle.
 • Some parts of both feet of the server and receiver must 
remain in contact with the surface of the court until 
service is delivered. 
 • The movement of the server’s racket must continue  
forward after the start of service until service is delivered.
Let 
‘Let’ is called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no 
umpire), to halt play. A ‘let’ may be given for any unforeseen 
or accidental occurrence. It shall be a ‘let’, if — 
 • there is an unforeseen or accidental situation occurs. 
 • during play, the shuttle is caught in the net or caught 
on the net and remains suspended on its top after 
passing over the net.
 • the shuttle disintegrates and the base separates from 
the rest of the shuttle. 
 • the server and receiver are both faulted at the same 
time. 
 • the server serves before the receiver is ready. 
 • the line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to 
make a decision. 
 • in the opinion of the umpire, the play is disrupted or 
a player of the opposing side is distracted by a coach.
Faults 
A player or player’s side loses the rally, if the service or shuttle —
 • is not correct.
 • misses the shuttle during service.
 • lands outside the court.
 • passes through the net.
 • fails to cross over the net.
 • touches the walls or ceiling or ground before being 
retrieved.
 • is hit twice.
Chap-5.indd   54 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Page 4


Track and field events, as one of the major individual sports, 
have already been studied in the previous chapter. However 
there are other individual sports like Badminton, Gymnastics, 
Table Tennis, Tennis, Swimming and Combative Sports such 
as Judo and Boxing. We shall discuss these games in this 
chapter.
Badminton Badminton is a racket sport played by either two opposing 
players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles). The players 
take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that 
is divided by a net. It is one of the few sports where men and 
women can play together.  It is a game for all ages and abilities. 
Although fitness is a key aspect for professional players, it is 
also played as a recreation game across the world.
History
The origin of the badminton dates back to second century 
BC. Although it appears that this sport was named after 
Badminton House, Gloucestershire, owned by the Duke 
of Beaufort. In 1873, some British army officers in India 
initially played the game at ‘Poonah’ (now known as Pune) 
thus derived its name. In 1877 first set of rules were derived. 
These laws were gradually adopted by other nations. However, 
the game evolved as an international sport only after the 
first All England Championship. In 1934, the International 
Badminton Federation (now known as Badminton World 
Federation) was formed and the rules of the game were 
standardized. Badminton Association of India came into 
existence in the year 1934. Various state level associations 
are affiliated to it.
IndIvIdual Games 
and s ports II
Chap-5.indd   52 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Ind Iv Idual Games and s ports II
Events
The events played in badminton are: (a) Singles’ (Men, 
Women), (b) Doubles’ (Men, Women), (c) Mixed Doubles’ 
(Combination of one Man and one Woman) and (d) Teams’ 
Event (Men, Women, Mixed) 
Court 
The court is rectangular, and is divided into 2 halves by a 
net. Court is usually marked for both singles’ and doubles’ 
play. The doubles’ court is wider than the ‘singles’ court.
The full width of the court is 6.1 metres, and in singles’ 
this width is reduced to 5.18 metres. The full length of the 
court is 13.4 metres. The service courts are marked by a 
centre line dividing the width of the court, by a short service 
line at a distance of 1.98 metres from the net, and by the 
outer side and back boundaries. In doubles’, the service 
court is also marked by a long service line, which is 0.76 
metres from the back boundary.
The net is 1.55 metres high at the edges and 1.524 metres 
high in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles 
sidelines, even when singles is played.
Post
Post
720 mm
3.80 m 1.90 m 3.80 m 720 mm
1.90 m
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
420 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
420 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
2.530 m 2.530 m
13.400 m
Right Service Court
6.100 m
Side Line For Doubles
Side Line For Single
Side Line For Single
Side Line For Doubles
Centre Line
Short Service Line
Short Service Line
Net
Centre Line Centre Line
Left Service Court For Doubles
Left Service Court
Right Service Court
Left Service Court For Singles
Left Service Court For Doubles
Left Service Court For Singles
Back Boundary Line
Fig. 5.1: Badminton court
Rules
Starting the game
A coin is tossed to start the game. The player winning the 
toss has the choice to serve first, or to choose which side of 
the court would they prefer. The player losing the toss gets 
the left over option.
Chap-5.indd   53 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Healt H and PHysical e ducation - c lass X
Service
 • At the beginning of the game of badminton and when 
the score is even, the server serves from the right 
service court.
 • Server and receiver always stand diagonally in opposite 
service courts.
 • The server’s racket shall initially hit the base of the 
shuttle.
 • While serving the whole of the shuttle shall be below 
1.15m from the surface of the court at the instant of 
impact of the racket with the shuttle.
 • Some parts of both feet of the server and receiver must 
remain in contact with the surface of the court until 
service is delivered. 
 • The movement of the server’s racket must continue  
forward after the start of service until service is delivered.
Let 
‘Let’ is called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no 
umpire), to halt play. A ‘let’ may be given for any unforeseen 
or accidental occurrence. It shall be a ‘let’, if — 
 • there is an unforeseen or accidental situation occurs. 
 • during play, the shuttle is caught in the net or caught 
on the net and remains suspended on its top after 
passing over the net.
 • the shuttle disintegrates and the base separates from 
the rest of the shuttle. 
 • the server and receiver are both faulted at the same 
time. 
 • the server serves before the receiver is ready. 
 • the line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to 
make a decision. 
 • in the opinion of the umpire, the play is disrupted or 
a player of the opposing side is distracted by a coach.
Faults 
A player or player’s side loses the rally, if the service or shuttle —
 • is not correct.
 • misses the shuttle during service.
 • lands outside the court.
 • passes through the net.
 • fails to cross over the net.
 • touches the walls or ceiling or ground before being 
retrieved.
 • is hit twice.
Chap-5.indd   54 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Ind Iv Idual Games and s ports II
 • hits a player, attire, equipment or any person or object 
outside the court. 
 • is hit by both the doubles partners in succession. 
 • is in play, the player’s racket, parts of his body or his 
clothes touch the net or its support.
Fundamental techniques
 1. Grip: Holding grip of a badminton racket is the 
foundation of playing this game. Holding the racket 
wrongly will reduce the power and accuracy of the 
stroke. The shots will be limited. A player needs to 
learn how to change grip quickly during games. Below 
are the two basic types of badminton grips. 
Forehand grip
 • This grip is used to hit shots on the forehand side of the 
body and around the head shots. 
 • In this a player holds the racket head in the non-playing 
hand, keeping the handle points towards the body. The 
face of the racket perpendicular to the floor. 
 • The player places the playing hand on the handle 
just like shaking hands with it, it is like a V shape in 
between thumb and index finger. 
 • For flexibility, the racket handle rest loosely in the fingers. 
 • In order to increase control and accuracy while serving 
and hitting from the forecourt and mid court, the grip 
is shortened and placed nearer to the shaft.
Angle 1
Angle 2 Angle 3
Fig. 5.2: Forehand grip
Chap-5.indd   55 8/24/2020   11:38:29 AM
Page 5


Track and field events, as one of the major individual sports, 
have already been studied in the previous chapter. However 
there are other individual sports like Badminton, Gymnastics, 
Table Tennis, Tennis, Swimming and Combative Sports such 
as Judo and Boxing. We shall discuss these games in this 
chapter.
Badminton Badminton is a racket sport played by either two opposing 
players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles). The players 
take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that 
is divided by a net. It is one of the few sports where men and 
women can play together.  It is a game for all ages and abilities. 
Although fitness is a key aspect for professional players, it is 
also played as a recreation game across the world.
History
The origin of the badminton dates back to second century 
BC. Although it appears that this sport was named after 
Badminton House, Gloucestershire, owned by the Duke 
of Beaufort. In 1873, some British army officers in India 
initially played the game at ‘Poonah’ (now known as Pune) 
thus derived its name. In 1877 first set of rules were derived. 
These laws were gradually adopted by other nations. However, 
the game evolved as an international sport only after the 
first All England Championship. In 1934, the International 
Badminton Federation (now known as Badminton World 
Federation) was formed and the rules of the game were 
standardized. Badminton Association of India came into 
existence in the year 1934. Various state level associations 
are affiliated to it.
IndIvIdual Games 
and s ports II
Chap-5.indd   52 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Ind Iv Idual Games and s ports II
Events
The events played in badminton are: (a) Singles’ (Men, 
Women), (b) Doubles’ (Men, Women), (c) Mixed Doubles’ 
(Combination of one Man and one Woman) and (d) Teams’ 
Event (Men, Women, Mixed) 
Court 
The court is rectangular, and is divided into 2 halves by a 
net. Court is usually marked for both singles’ and doubles’ 
play. The doubles’ court is wider than the ‘singles’ court.
The full width of the court is 6.1 metres, and in singles’ 
this width is reduced to 5.18 metres. The full length of the 
court is 13.4 metres. The service courts are marked by a 
centre line dividing the width of the court, by a short service 
line at a distance of 1.98 metres from the net, and by the 
outer side and back boundaries. In doubles’, the service 
court is also marked by a long service line, which is 0.76 
metres from the back boundary.
The net is 1.55 metres high at the edges and 1.524 metres 
high in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles 
sidelines, even when singles is played.
Post
Post
720 mm
3.80 m 1.90 m 3.80 m 720 mm
1.90 m
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
420 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
420 mm
40 mm
40 mm
40 mm
2.530 m 2.530 m
13.400 m
Right Service Court
6.100 m
Side Line For Doubles
Side Line For Single
Side Line For Single
Side Line For Doubles
Centre Line
Short Service Line
Short Service Line
Net
Centre Line Centre Line
Left Service Court For Doubles
Left Service Court
Right Service Court
Left Service Court For Singles
Left Service Court For Doubles
Left Service Court For Singles
Back Boundary Line
Fig. 5.1: Badminton court
Rules
Starting the game
A coin is tossed to start the game. The player winning the 
toss has the choice to serve first, or to choose which side of 
the court would they prefer. The player losing the toss gets 
the left over option.
Chap-5.indd   53 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Healt H and PHysical e ducation - c lass X
Service
 • At the beginning of the game of badminton and when 
the score is even, the server serves from the right 
service court.
 • Server and receiver always stand diagonally in opposite 
service courts.
 • The server’s racket shall initially hit the base of the 
shuttle.
 • While serving the whole of the shuttle shall be below 
1.15m from the surface of the court at the instant of 
impact of the racket with the shuttle.
 • Some parts of both feet of the server and receiver must 
remain in contact with the surface of the court until 
service is delivered. 
 • The movement of the server’s racket must continue  
forward after the start of service until service is delivered.
Let 
‘Let’ is called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no 
umpire), to halt play. A ‘let’ may be given for any unforeseen 
or accidental occurrence. It shall be a ‘let’, if — 
 • there is an unforeseen or accidental situation occurs. 
 • during play, the shuttle is caught in the net or caught 
on the net and remains suspended on its top after 
passing over the net.
 • the shuttle disintegrates and the base separates from 
the rest of the shuttle. 
 • the server and receiver are both faulted at the same 
time. 
 • the server serves before the receiver is ready. 
 • the line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to 
make a decision. 
 • in the opinion of the umpire, the play is disrupted or 
a player of the opposing side is distracted by a coach.
Faults 
A player or player’s side loses the rally, if the service or shuttle —
 • is not correct.
 • misses the shuttle during service.
 • lands outside the court.
 • passes through the net.
 • fails to cross over the net.
 • touches the walls or ceiling or ground before being 
retrieved.
 • is hit twice.
Chap-5.indd   54 8/24/2020   11:38:26 AM
Ind Iv Idual Games and s ports II
 • hits a player, attire, equipment or any person or object 
outside the court. 
 • is hit by both the doubles partners in succession. 
 • is in play, the player’s racket, parts of his body or his 
clothes touch the net or its support.
Fundamental techniques
 1. Grip: Holding grip of a badminton racket is the 
foundation of playing this game. Holding the racket 
wrongly will reduce the power and accuracy of the 
stroke. The shots will be limited. A player needs to 
learn how to change grip quickly during games. Below 
are the two basic types of badminton grips. 
Forehand grip
 • This grip is used to hit shots on the forehand side of the 
body and around the head shots. 
 • In this a player holds the racket head in the non-playing 
hand, keeping the handle points towards the body. The 
face of the racket perpendicular to the floor. 
 • The player places the playing hand on the handle 
just like shaking hands with it, it is like a V shape in 
between thumb and index finger. 
 • For flexibility, the racket handle rest loosely in the fingers. 
 • In order to increase control and accuracy while serving 
and hitting from the forecourt and mid court, the grip 
is shortened and placed nearer to the shaft.
Angle 1
Angle 2 Angle 3
Fig. 5.2: Forehand grip
Chap-5.indd   55 8/24/2020   11:38:29 AM
Healt H and PHysical e ducation - c lass X
Backhand grip
 • While playing backhand grip, shots is hit from  
backhand (left) side of player’s body. 
 • The player holds the racket in the same way as it was 
held in forehand grip. 
 • The player turns the racket anti-clockwise so that the 
V shape moves leftwards. 
 • The player places the thumb against the back of the 
handle for greater leverage and power. 
 • The other techniques are the same as in forehand grip.
Angle 1
Angle 3
Angle 2
Fig. 5.3: Backhand grip
 2. Service: There are basically three types of serves —
high, low and flat. High service is the most basic of 
all strokes. One needs to learn this first when one 
starts playing the game. You need to concentrate on 
the following three broad points while delivering the 
high service.
 • Stance: To deliver the high service, the player has 
to take a position about two feet from the short 
service line and about six inches from the centre 
line.
  The player has to make sure not to touch the 
centre line as it will be called a touch fault. The 
player has to stand comfortably with both feet 
spread apart and parallel to each other and take 
the initial serving position. At this stage, the full 
weight of the body is on the back foot. 
 • Point of Contact: As one starts the forward 
movement of the racket, slowly start shifting the 
weight from the back foot to the front foot. The 
player then drops the shuttle and hit it high and 
Chap-5.indd   56 8/24/2020   11:38:34 AM