Page 1
Binary number system: Bits and Bytes
Jy oti: How does a computer store music?
Moz: Computers store all data, like information, instructions, files, images, sound and
video, as numbers.
Jy oti: Is there some code to represent each letter in the alphabets? This will be necessary for saving a
text document.
Moz: You are right. To represent an image, each pixel or the coloured dots needs to have a code.
Jy oti: Different sounds in a music file also hav e to be giv en a code.
Moz: Yes. All the data has to be converted to numbers in binary form to be processed by the computer.
The w ord binary means tw o. The binary form code is formed by using only tw o v alues ‘0’ and ‘1’.
This is called the binary number system, or the base-2 system. Each digit in a binary number is
called a bit. A sequence of 8 bits is called byte.
T ejas: Why are only tw o digits used to form the code?
Moz: The reason computers use the base-2 system is because it makes it a lot easier to implement
programs and data with current electronic technology. Bits can be implemented in many forms. In
most modern computing devices, a bit is usually represented by an electrical voltage or current pulse,
or by the ON - OFF state of a switch in a circuit.
Examples
Binary code Binary code names of Tejas and Jyoti
Alphabet Binary code
A 1000001
Z 1011010
Name Binary code
Tejas
01010100 01100101 01101010 01100001 01110011
Jyoti
01001010 01111001 01101111 01110100 01101001
Aim: In this lesson, you will learn:
- Binary number system, and its use in computers.
- Units of measurement for files and backup devices.
6
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
00111
0011100111001110011100111001110011100111001
0111001
011001001001100
00110011100111
00110011100111
0011100111001110011100011100111001110011100
0100111000111001110011
01011
00110011100111
00110011100111
001001100110011001100110011001100110011100111000111001111000111001110011001100110011001111000110011001 10 0 10011001
0101001000101001001001110010010010011100101001001
0101001101011010111101101101011011010110110110110100101010011101010010011011010101
010101011011010110110101101101101101001010100111010100100110110101010110
0100101001010010010111010010101010010010010100100101010010
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
0 or 1
Bit Byte
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
Page 2
Binary number system: Bits and Bytes
Jy oti: How does a computer store music?
Moz: Computers store all data, like information, instructions, files, images, sound and
video, as numbers.
Jy oti: Is there some code to represent each letter in the alphabets? This will be necessary for saving a
text document.
Moz: You are right. To represent an image, each pixel or the coloured dots needs to have a code.
Jy oti: Different sounds in a music file also hav e to be giv en a code.
Moz: Yes. All the data has to be converted to numbers in binary form to be processed by the computer.
The w ord binary means tw o. The binary form code is formed by using only tw o v alues ‘0’ and ‘1’.
This is called the binary number system, or the base-2 system. Each digit in a binary number is
called a bit. A sequence of 8 bits is called byte.
T ejas: Why are only tw o digits used to form the code?
Moz: The reason computers use the base-2 system is because it makes it a lot easier to implement
programs and data with current electronic technology. Bits can be implemented in many forms. In
most modern computing devices, a bit is usually represented by an electrical voltage or current pulse,
or by the ON - OFF state of a switch in a circuit.
Examples
Binary code Binary code names of Tejas and Jyoti
Alphabet Binary code
A 1000001
Z 1011010
Name Binary code
Tejas
01010100 01100101 01101010 01100001 01110011
Jyoti
01001010 01111001 01101111 01110100 01101001
Aim: In this lesson, you will learn:
- Binary number system, and its use in computers.
- Units of measurement for files and backup devices.
6
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
00111
0011100111001110011100111001110011100111001
0111001
011001001001100
00110011100111
00110011100111
0011100111001110011100011100111001110011100
0100111000111001110011
01011
00110011100111
00110011100111
001001100110011001100110011001100110011100111000111001111000111001110011001100110011001111000110011001 10 0 10011001
0101001000101001001001110010010010011100101001001
0101001101011010111101101101011011010110110110110100101010011101010010011011010101
010101011011010110110101101101101101001010100111010100100110110101010110
0100101001010010010111010010101010010010010100100101010010
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
0 or 1
Bit Byte
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
Jy oti: ‘J’ (01001010) and ‘j’ (01101010) hav e different code to distinguish betw een the upper
case and lowercase.
T ejas: Each letter has a length of 8 bits, or 1 byte.
Moz: Right. Note that bits are abbreviated by ‘b’ and bytes by ‘B’.
Jy oti: Oh! So when a file has a size of 1 KB then it means the file has 1000 bytes = 8000 bits.
Moz: there is a binary code for each character on your keyboard. You can also convert numbers from
decimal to binary. For example, the number 10 in decimal is 00001010 in binary.
Explain what is binary number •
system and state its purpose.
Convert words into binary code. •
Distinguish between various units •
for measurement of file size/
capacity of backup devices.
At the end of this lesson, you will
be able to:
Binary numbers
Concept
A binary number is formed by the combination of ‘0’ and ‘1’.
Bit
A bit is the smallest unit of data in computer processing.
Bit is derived from the words Binary digIT. •
A bit represents a digit in the binary system. •
A bit can only have the value 0 or 1. •
An example: 1101 is a binary number 4 bits long. •
Byte
A Byte is a group of 8 bits.
Bytes are the standard unit of storage in a computer. •
An example: 10110111 is a byte and can represen t data like text, pixels or sound •
in a computer.
Units of measure:
A Kilob yte (KB) is usually used to denote 1000 bytes. Sometimes it is used to denote •
2^10 bytes or 1024 bytes. The term kibibyte (KiB) is sometimes used to denote strictly
1024 bytes.
A Megabyte (MB) is 1000 kilobytes. Sometimes it denotes 1024 KB. •
A Gigabyte (GB) is 1000 Megabytes. •
A terabyte (TB) is 1000 Gigabytes. •
0 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
Binary
01
Conversion
A
1000001
KB
MB
GB
TB
Bytes
Units of
measurement
Page 3
Binary number system: Bits and Bytes
Jy oti: How does a computer store music?
Moz: Computers store all data, like information, instructions, files, images, sound and
video, as numbers.
Jy oti: Is there some code to represent each letter in the alphabets? This will be necessary for saving a
text document.
Moz: You are right. To represent an image, each pixel or the coloured dots needs to have a code.
Jy oti: Different sounds in a music file also hav e to be giv en a code.
Moz: Yes. All the data has to be converted to numbers in binary form to be processed by the computer.
The w ord binary means tw o. The binary form code is formed by using only tw o v alues ‘0’ and ‘1’.
This is called the binary number system, or the base-2 system. Each digit in a binary number is
called a bit. A sequence of 8 bits is called byte.
T ejas: Why are only tw o digits used to form the code?
Moz: The reason computers use the base-2 system is because it makes it a lot easier to implement
programs and data with current electronic technology. Bits can be implemented in many forms. In
most modern computing devices, a bit is usually represented by an electrical voltage or current pulse,
or by the ON - OFF state of a switch in a circuit.
Examples
Binary code Binary code names of Tejas and Jyoti
Alphabet Binary code
A 1000001
Z 1011010
Name Binary code
Tejas
01010100 01100101 01101010 01100001 01110011
Jyoti
01001010 01111001 01101111 01110100 01101001
Aim: In this lesson, you will learn:
- Binary number system, and its use in computers.
- Units of measurement for files and backup devices.
6
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
00111
0011100111001110011100111001110011100111001
0111001
011001001001100
00110011100111
00110011100111
0011100111001110011100011100111001110011100
0100111000111001110011
01011
00110011100111
00110011100111
001001100110011001100110011001100110011100111000111001111000111001110011001100110011001111000110011001 10 0 10011001
0101001000101001001001110010010010011100101001001
0101001101011010111101101101011011010110110110110100101010011101010010011011010101
010101011011010110110101101101101101001010100111010100100110110101010110
0100101001010010010111010010101010010010010100100101010010
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
0 or 1
Bit Byte
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
Jy oti: ‘J’ (01001010) and ‘j’ (01101010) hav e different code to distinguish betw een the upper
case and lowercase.
T ejas: Each letter has a length of 8 bits, or 1 byte.
Moz: Right. Note that bits are abbreviated by ‘b’ and bytes by ‘B’.
Jy oti: Oh! So when a file has a size of 1 KB then it means the file has 1000 bytes = 8000 bits.
Moz: there is a binary code for each character on your keyboard. You can also convert numbers from
decimal to binary. For example, the number 10 in decimal is 00001010 in binary.
Explain what is binary number •
system and state its purpose.
Convert words into binary code. •
Distinguish between various units •
for measurement of file size/
capacity of backup devices.
At the end of this lesson, you will
be able to:
Binary numbers
Concept
A binary number is formed by the combination of ‘0’ and ‘1’.
Bit
A bit is the smallest unit of data in computer processing.
Bit is derived from the words Binary digIT. •
A bit represents a digit in the binary system. •
A bit can only have the value 0 or 1. •
An example: 1101 is a binary number 4 bits long. •
Byte
A Byte is a group of 8 bits.
Bytes are the standard unit of storage in a computer. •
An example: 10110111 is a byte and can represen t data like text, pixels or sound •
in a computer.
Units of measure:
A Kilob yte (KB) is usually used to denote 1000 bytes. Sometimes it is used to denote •
2^10 bytes or 1024 bytes. The term kibibyte (KiB) is sometimes used to denote strictly
1024 bytes.
A Megabyte (MB) is 1000 kilobytes. Sometimes it denotes 1024 KB. •
A Gigabyte (GB) is 1000 Megabytes. •
A terabyte (TB) is 1000 Gigabytes. •
0 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
Binary
01
Conversion
A
1000001
KB
MB
GB
TB
Bytes
Units of
measurement
WORKSHEETS
Level VIII Lesson
Fill in the blanks. 1.
Match the following. 2.
______________ and a. ______________ are digits in the binary system.
Binary numbers can represent data like b. ______________, ______________ and ______________
in computers.
A Byte is a group of c. ______________ bits.
1. KB a. 1024 megabytes
2. Byte b. 1024 bytes
3. GB c. 1024 gigabytes
4. MB d. 1024 kilobytes
5. TB e. 8 bits
6
Each alphabet is one byte long, so how many bytes do you think the following sentence has? 3.
“The reason computers use the base-2 system is because it makes it a lot easier to implement them
with current electronic technology.”
Write your name in binary code. Use the table given to find the code for each letter of your name. 4.
Your Name:
__________________________
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
a 01100001 n 01101110 A 01000001 N 01001111
b 01100010 o 01101111 B 01000010 O 01010000
c 01100011 p 01110000 C 01000011 P 01010001
d 01100100 q 01110001 D 01000100 Q 01010010
e 01100101 r 01110010 E 01000101 R 01010011
f 01100110 s 01110011 F 01000110 S 01010100
g 01100111 t 01110100 G 01000111 T 01010101
h 01101000 u 01110101 H 01001000 U 01010110
i 01101001 v 01110110 I 01001001 V 01010111
j 01101010 w 01110111 J 01001010 W 01011000
k 01101011 x 01111000 K 01001011 X 01011001
l 01101100 y 01111001 L 01001100 Y 01011010
m 01101101 z 01111010 M 01001101 Z 01111010
Page 4
Binary number system: Bits and Bytes
Jy oti: How does a computer store music?
Moz: Computers store all data, like information, instructions, files, images, sound and
video, as numbers.
Jy oti: Is there some code to represent each letter in the alphabets? This will be necessary for saving a
text document.
Moz: You are right. To represent an image, each pixel or the coloured dots needs to have a code.
Jy oti: Different sounds in a music file also hav e to be giv en a code.
Moz: Yes. All the data has to be converted to numbers in binary form to be processed by the computer.
The w ord binary means tw o. The binary form code is formed by using only tw o v alues ‘0’ and ‘1’.
This is called the binary number system, or the base-2 system. Each digit in a binary number is
called a bit. A sequence of 8 bits is called byte.
T ejas: Why are only tw o digits used to form the code?
Moz: The reason computers use the base-2 system is because it makes it a lot easier to implement
programs and data with current electronic technology. Bits can be implemented in many forms. In
most modern computing devices, a bit is usually represented by an electrical voltage or current pulse,
or by the ON - OFF state of a switch in a circuit.
Examples
Binary code Binary code names of Tejas and Jyoti
Alphabet Binary code
A 1000001
Z 1011010
Name Binary code
Tejas
01010100 01100101 01101010 01100001 01110011
Jyoti
01001010 01111001 01101111 01110100 01101001
Aim: In this lesson, you will learn:
- Binary number system, and its use in computers.
- Units of measurement for files and backup devices.
6
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
00111
0011100111001110011100111001110011100111001
0111001
011001001001100
00110011100111
00110011100111
0011100111001110011100011100111001110011100
0100111000111001110011
01011
00110011100111
00110011100111
001001100110011001100110011001100110011100111000111001111000111001110011001100110011001111000110011001 10 0 10011001
0101001000101001001001110010010010011100101001001
0101001101011010111101101101011011010110110110110100101010011101010010011011010101
010101011011010110110101101101101101001010100111010100100110110101010110
0100101001010010010111010010101010010010010100100101010010
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
0 or 1
Bit Byte
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
Jy oti: ‘J’ (01001010) and ‘j’ (01101010) hav e different code to distinguish betw een the upper
case and lowercase.
T ejas: Each letter has a length of 8 bits, or 1 byte.
Moz: Right. Note that bits are abbreviated by ‘b’ and bytes by ‘B’.
Jy oti: Oh! So when a file has a size of 1 KB then it means the file has 1000 bytes = 8000 bits.
Moz: there is a binary code for each character on your keyboard. You can also convert numbers from
decimal to binary. For example, the number 10 in decimal is 00001010 in binary.
Explain what is binary number •
system and state its purpose.
Convert words into binary code. •
Distinguish between various units •
for measurement of file size/
capacity of backup devices.
At the end of this lesson, you will
be able to:
Binary numbers
Concept
A binary number is formed by the combination of ‘0’ and ‘1’.
Bit
A bit is the smallest unit of data in computer processing.
Bit is derived from the words Binary digIT. •
A bit represents a digit in the binary system. •
A bit can only have the value 0 or 1. •
An example: 1101 is a binary number 4 bits long. •
Byte
A Byte is a group of 8 bits.
Bytes are the standard unit of storage in a computer. •
An example: 10110111 is a byte and can represen t data like text, pixels or sound •
in a computer.
Units of measure:
A Kilob yte (KB) is usually used to denote 1000 bytes. Sometimes it is used to denote •
2^10 bytes or 1024 bytes. The term kibibyte (KiB) is sometimes used to denote strictly
1024 bytes.
A Megabyte (MB) is 1000 kilobytes. Sometimes it denotes 1024 KB. •
A Gigabyte (GB) is 1000 Megabytes. •
A terabyte (TB) is 1000 Gigabytes. •
0 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
Binary
01
Conversion
A
1000001
KB
MB
GB
TB
Bytes
Units of
measurement
WORKSHEETS
Level VIII Lesson
Fill in the blanks. 1.
Match the following. 2.
______________ and a. ______________ are digits in the binary system.
Binary numbers can represent data like b. ______________, ______________ and ______________
in computers.
A Byte is a group of c. ______________ bits.
1. KB a. 1024 megabytes
2. Byte b. 1024 bytes
3. GB c. 1024 gigabytes
4. MB d. 1024 kilobytes
5. TB e. 8 bits
6
Each alphabet is one byte long, so how many bytes do you think the following sentence has? 3.
“The reason computers use the base-2 system is because it makes it a lot easier to implement them
with current electronic technology.”
Write your name in binary code. Use the table given to find the code for each letter of your name. 4.
Your Name:
__________________________
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
a 01100001 n 01101110 A 01000001 N 01001111
b 01100010 o 01101111 B 01000010 O 01010000
c 01100011 p 01110000 C 01000011 P 01010001
d 01100100 q 01110001 D 01000100 Q 01010010
e 01100101 r 01110010 E 01000101 R 01010011
f 01100110 s 01110011 F 01000110 S 01010100
g 01100111 t 01110100 G 01000111 T 01010101
h 01101000 u 01110101 H 01001000 U 01010110
i 01101001 v 01110110 I 01001001 V 01010111
j 01101010 w 01110111 J 01001010 W 01011000
k 01101011 x 01111000 K 01001011 X 01011001
l 01101100 y 01111001 L 01001100 Y 01011010
m 01101101 z 01111010 M 01001101 Z 01111010
ACTIVITY
Level VIII Lesson
Convert from binary to decimal and decimal to binary using the following link. 4.
http://easycalculation.com/binary-converter.php
Note the size of RAM and hard disk of your computer in KB, MB, GB. 1.
Select a text file, audio file, video file, image, a presentation file (p 2. pt) on your computer and note their
file size.
Open an image in an editor and reduce the file size. 3.
6
Page 5
Binary number system: Bits and Bytes
Jy oti: How does a computer store music?
Moz: Computers store all data, like information, instructions, files, images, sound and
video, as numbers.
Jy oti: Is there some code to represent each letter in the alphabets? This will be necessary for saving a
text document.
Moz: You are right. To represent an image, each pixel or the coloured dots needs to have a code.
Jy oti: Different sounds in a music file also hav e to be giv en a code.
Moz: Yes. All the data has to be converted to numbers in binary form to be processed by the computer.
The w ord binary means tw o. The binary form code is formed by using only tw o v alues ‘0’ and ‘1’.
This is called the binary number system, or the base-2 system. Each digit in a binary number is
called a bit. A sequence of 8 bits is called byte.
T ejas: Why are only tw o digits used to form the code?
Moz: The reason computers use the base-2 system is because it makes it a lot easier to implement
programs and data with current electronic technology. Bits can be implemented in many forms. In
most modern computing devices, a bit is usually represented by an electrical voltage or current pulse,
or by the ON - OFF state of a switch in a circuit.
Examples
Binary code Binary code names of Tejas and Jyoti
Alphabet Binary code
A 1000001
Z 1011010
Name Binary code
Tejas
01010100 01100101 01101010 01100001 01110011
Jyoti
01001010 01111001 01101111 01110100 01101001
Aim: In this lesson, you will learn:
- Binary number system, and its use in computers.
- Units of measurement for files and backup devices.
6
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
0110110011
00111
0011100111001110011100111001110011100111001
0111001
011001001001100
00110011100111
00110011100111
0011100111001110011100011100111001110011100
0100111000111001110011
01011
00110011100111
00110011100111
001001100110011001100110011001100110011100111000111001111000111001110011001100110011001111000110011001 10 0 10011001
0101001000101001001001110010010010011100101001001
0101001101011010111101101101011011010110110110110100101010011101010010011011010101
010101011011010110110101101101101101001010100111010100100110110101010110
0100101001010010010111010010101010010010010100100101010010
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
10011100111001100
0 or 1
Bit Byte
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
Jy oti: ‘J’ (01001010) and ‘j’ (01101010) hav e different code to distinguish betw een the upper
case and lowercase.
T ejas: Each letter has a length of 8 bits, or 1 byte.
Moz: Right. Note that bits are abbreviated by ‘b’ and bytes by ‘B’.
Jy oti: Oh! So when a file has a size of 1 KB then it means the file has 1000 bytes = 8000 bits.
Moz: there is a binary code for each character on your keyboard. You can also convert numbers from
decimal to binary. For example, the number 10 in decimal is 00001010 in binary.
Explain what is binary number •
system and state its purpose.
Convert words into binary code. •
Distinguish between various units •
for measurement of file size/
capacity of backup devices.
At the end of this lesson, you will
be able to:
Binary numbers
Concept
A binary number is formed by the combination of ‘0’ and ‘1’.
Bit
A bit is the smallest unit of data in computer processing.
Bit is derived from the words Binary digIT. •
A bit represents a digit in the binary system. •
A bit can only have the value 0 or 1. •
An example: 1101 is a binary number 4 bits long. •
Byte
A Byte is a group of 8 bits.
Bytes are the standard unit of storage in a computer. •
An example: 10110111 is a byte and can represen t data like text, pixels or sound •
in a computer.
Units of measure:
A Kilob yte (KB) is usually used to denote 1000 bytes. Sometimes it is used to denote •
2^10 bytes or 1024 bytes. The term kibibyte (KiB) is sometimes used to denote strictly
1024 bytes.
A Megabyte (MB) is 1000 kilobytes. Sometimes it denotes 1024 KB. •
A Gigabyte (GB) is 1000 Megabytes. •
A terabyte (TB) is 1000 Gigabytes. •
0 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
Binary
01
Conversion
A
1000001
KB
MB
GB
TB
Bytes
Units of
measurement
WORKSHEETS
Level VIII Lesson
Fill in the blanks. 1.
Match the following. 2.
______________ and a. ______________ are digits in the binary system.
Binary numbers can represent data like b. ______________, ______________ and ______________
in computers.
A Byte is a group of c. ______________ bits.
1. KB a. 1024 megabytes
2. Byte b. 1024 bytes
3. GB c. 1024 gigabytes
4. MB d. 1024 kilobytes
5. TB e. 8 bits
6
Each alphabet is one byte long, so how many bytes do you think the following sentence has? 3.
“The reason computers use the base-2 system is because it makes it a lot easier to implement them
with current electronic technology.”
Write your name in binary code. Use the table given to find the code for each letter of your name. 4.
Your Name:
__________________________
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
Letter
Binary code
(ASCLL)
a 01100001 n 01101110 A 01000001 N 01001111
b 01100010 o 01101111 B 01000010 O 01010000
c 01100011 p 01110000 C 01000011 P 01010001
d 01100100 q 01110001 D 01000100 Q 01010010
e 01100101 r 01110010 E 01000101 R 01010011
f 01100110 s 01110011 F 01000110 S 01010100
g 01100111 t 01110100 G 01000111 T 01010101
h 01101000 u 01110101 H 01001000 U 01010110
i 01101001 v 01110110 I 01001001 V 01010111
j 01101010 w 01110111 J 01001010 W 01011000
k 01101011 x 01111000 K 01001011 X 01011001
l 01101100 y 01111001 L 01001100 Y 01011010
m 01101101 z 01111010 M 01001101 Z 01111010
ACTIVITY
Level VIII Lesson
Convert from binary to decimal and decimal to binary using the following link. 4.
http://easycalculation.com/binary-converter.php
Note the size of RAM and hard disk of your computer in KB, MB, GB. 1.
Select a text file, audio file, video file, image, a presentation file (p 2. pt) on your computer and note their
file size.
Open an image in an editor and reduce the file size. 3.
6
ACTIVITY
Level VIII Lesson
Find out if there are applications to convert numbers 1.
into various bases (example libmath-basecalc-perl).
6
Go to the url: 5. http://forums.cisco.com/CertCom/game/binary_game_page.htm and play the binary game.
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