Textbook: System configuration and Troubleshooting | Computer Science for Class 8 PDF Download

 Page 1


System configuration and  
Troubleshooting
T ejas:	 I	 w as	 w atching	 F1	 formula	 car	 racing.	 There	 is	 a	 lot	 of	 customization	 done	 in	 these	 cars.	 Some	
technical requirements like speed, tyres, need to be the same in each car. But the controls available on 
the steering wheel, the seat of the driver are customized.
Jy oti:	Maintenance	and	trouble	shooting	is	done	by	a	team	of	engineers.
Mo: Can you customize a desktop as per your requirements?
T ejas:	 Y es.	 Some	 of	 the	 customizations	 are,	 install	 devices,	 change	 the	 look	 of	 the	 desktop	 and	 install	
applications that we want to use. 
Jy oti:	Some	applications	require	system	administator	help	for	installation	and	configuration.
Moz: Right. Do you need engineers to troubleshoot a computer?
T ejas:	 Some	 of	 the	 trouble	 shooting	 can	 be	 done	 by	 the	 user .	 For	 example,	 if	 a	 netw ork	 is	 not	 w orking	
we can find if the network cable is connected to the switch or not. 
Jy oti:	 W e	 som etimes	 hav e	 to	 use	 the	 administrator	 login,	 to	 troubleshoot.	 For	 example,	 if	 the	 netw ork	
is not working and the cable is connected, we need to check the network settings. A user cannot check 
this or change the settings.
Moz: Right. The role of using a administrator login is called system administrator. A user can 
become a system administrator. Similar to the formula 1 car team of engineers, there are trained 
system administrators who specialize in installation, maintenance and troubleshooting of  
computers and networks.
Moz: Let us customize the desktop as per your requirements and look at customizations that require 
system admin login. Later we can look at basic troubleshooting that a desktop user should know.
Aim: In this lesson, you will learn:
- Desktop components and management.
- Basic system administration of a desktop.
- Basic troubleshooting of devices, and applications.
7
A	user	can	do	some	of	the	customization	and	trouble	shooting	on	a	desktop.	
Sometimes	the	user	has	to	use	the	administrator	login	for	these	tasks.	
Sometimes	 you	 may	 need	 the	 help	 of	 a	 trained	 system	 administrator	 to	 customize	 and	
trouble	shoot.	
Info
Customization	and	Troubleshooting
Page 2


System configuration and  
Troubleshooting
T ejas:	 I	 w as	 w atching	 F1	 formula	 car	 racing.	 There	 is	 a	 lot	 of	 customization	 done	 in	 these	 cars.	 Some	
technical requirements like speed, tyres, need to be the same in each car. But the controls available on 
the steering wheel, the seat of the driver are customized.
Jy oti:	Maintenance	and	trouble	shooting	is	done	by	a	team	of	engineers.
Mo: Can you customize a desktop as per your requirements?
T ejas:	 Y es.	 Some	 of	 the	 customizations	 are,	 install	 devices,	 change	 the	 look	 of	 the	 desktop	 and	 install	
applications that we want to use. 
Jy oti:	Some	applications	require	system	administator	help	for	installation	and	configuration.
Moz: Right. Do you need engineers to troubleshoot a computer?
T ejas:	 Some	 of	 the	 trouble	 shooting	 can	 be	 done	 by	 the	 user .	 For	 example,	 if	 a	 netw ork	 is	 not	 w orking	
we can find if the network cable is connected to the switch or not. 
Jy oti:	 W e	 som etimes	 hav e	 to	 use	 the	 administrator	 login,	 to	 troubleshoot.	 For	 example,	 if	 the	 netw ork	
is not working and the cable is connected, we need to check the network settings. A user cannot check 
this or change the settings.
Moz: Right. The role of using a administrator login is called system administrator. A user can 
become a system administrator. Similar to the formula 1 car team of engineers, there are trained 
system administrators who specialize in installation, maintenance and troubleshooting of  
computers and networks.
Moz: Let us customize the desktop as per your requirements and look at customizations that require 
system admin login. Later we can look at basic troubleshooting that a desktop user should know.
Aim: In this lesson, you will learn:
- Desktop components and management.
- Basic system administration of a desktop.
- Basic troubleshooting of devices, and applications.
7
A	user	can	do	some	of	the	customization	and	trouble	shooting	on	a	desktop.	
Sometimes	the	user	has	to	use	the	administrator	login	for	these	tasks.	
Sometimes	 you	 may	 need	 the	 help	 of	 a	 trained	 system	 administrator	 to	 customize	 and	
trouble	shoot.	
Info
Customization	and	Troubleshooting
Moz: What are the components of a desktop and their uses?
Jy oti:	 The	 desktop	 has	 a	 menu	 bar	 from	 which	 w e	 can	 find	 applications.	 The	 	 task	 bar	 	 shows	 minimized	
windows of opened applications. (see Fig. 1) 
T ejas:	W e	also	hav e	some	area	to	sav e	and	access	files	on	a	desktop.	
Jy oti:	 In	 this	 area	 w e	 can	 hav e	 shortcuts	 of	 applications	 that	 w e	 frequently	 use.	 The	 files,	 directories	
and shortcut to applications are available as icons on this space.
Moz: This area where you can save and access files is called workspace. 
Jy oti:	The	desktop	also	has	a	panel	from	where	w e	can	launch	applications.
Moz: This panel is called the application launch panel.
T ejas:	The	windows	of	applications	that	w e	open	are	also	visible	on	a	desktop.
Moz:	 	 Right.	 A 	 Desktop,	 through	 a	 graphical	 user	 interface	 (GUI)	 provides	 these	 basic	 components	
(Menu bar, Workspace, Task bar, Application launch panel) to a user.    
Basic components of a desktop
Moz:	Y ou	hav e	Gnome	desktop	on	y our	lab	computer .	Hav e	y ou	seen	any	other	desktops?
Jy oti:	 Y es.	 The	 desktop	 of	 a	 Microsoft	 W indows	 OS	 has	 different	 look	 and	 feel.	 But	 it	 has	 the	 same	
basic functions of providing access to applications, windows, and workspace. (see Fig. 2)
Task bar
Menu bar
Application window
Application 
launcher
Workspace
Date and Time
Menu bar
Icon
Fig.1 Ubuntu desktop
Date and
Time
Start Button Task bar
Icon
Workspace
Fig.2 Window desktop
Page 3


System configuration and  
Troubleshooting
T ejas:	 I	 w as	 w atching	 F1	 formula	 car	 racing.	 There	 is	 a	 lot	 of	 customization	 done	 in	 these	 cars.	 Some	
technical requirements like speed, tyres, need to be the same in each car. But the controls available on 
the steering wheel, the seat of the driver are customized.
Jy oti:	Maintenance	and	trouble	shooting	is	done	by	a	team	of	engineers.
Mo: Can you customize a desktop as per your requirements?
T ejas:	 Y es.	 Some	 of	 the	 customizations	 are,	 install	 devices,	 change	 the	 look	 of	 the	 desktop	 and	 install	
applications that we want to use. 
Jy oti:	Some	applications	require	system	administator	help	for	installation	and	configuration.
Moz: Right. Do you need engineers to troubleshoot a computer?
T ejas:	 Some	 of	 the	 trouble	 shooting	 can	 be	 done	 by	 the	 user .	 For	 example,	 if	 a	 netw ork	 is	 not	 w orking	
we can find if the network cable is connected to the switch or not. 
Jy oti:	 W e	 som etimes	 hav e	 to	 use	 the	 administrator	 login,	 to	 troubleshoot.	 For	 example,	 if	 the	 netw ork	
is not working and the cable is connected, we need to check the network settings. A user cannot check 
this or change the settings.
Moz: Right. The role of using a administrator login is called system administrator. A user can 
become a system administrator. Similar to the formula 1 car team of engineers, there are trained 
system administrators who specialize in installation, maintenance and troubleshooting of  
computers and networks.
Moz: Let us customize the desktop as per your requirements and look at customizations that require 
system admin login. Later we can look at basic troubleshooting that a desktop user should know.
Aim: In this lesson, you will learn:
- Desktop components and management.
- Basic system administration of a desktop.
- Basic troubleshooting of devices, and applications.
7
A	user	can	do	some	of	the	customization	and	trouble	shooting	on	a	desktop.	
Sometimes	the	user	has	to	use	the	administrator	login	for	these	tasks.	
Sometimes	 you	 may	 need	 the	 help	 of	 a	 trained	 system	 administrator	 to	 customize	 and	
trouble	shoot.	
Info
Customization	and	Troubleshooting
Moz: What are the components of a desktop and their uses?
Jy oti:	 The	 desktop	 has	 a	 menu	 bar	 from	 which	 w e	 can	 find	 applications.	 The	 	 task	 bar	 	 shows	 minimized	
windows of opened applications. (see Fig. 1) 
T ejas:	W e	also	hav e	some	area	to	sav e	and	access	files	on	a	desktop.	
Jy oti:	 In	 this	 area	 w e	 can	 hav e	 shortcuts	 of	 applications	 that	 w e	 frequently	 use.	 The	 files,	 directories	
and shortcut to applications are available as icons on this space.
Moz: This area where you can save and access files is called workspace. 
Jy oti:	The	desktop	also	has	a	panel	from	where	w e	can	launch	applications.
Moz: This panel is called the application launch panel.
T ejas:	The	windows	of	applications	that	w e	open	are	also	visible	on	a	desktop.
Moz:	 	 Right.	 A 	 Desktop,	 through	 a	 graphical	 user	 interface	 (GUI)	 provides	 these	 basic	 components	
(Menu bar, Workspace, Task bar, Application launch panel) to a user.    
Basic components of a desktop
Moz:	Y ou	hav e	Gnome	desktop	on	y our	lab	computer .	Hav e	y ou	seen	any	other	desktops?
Jy oti:	 Y es.	 The	 desktop	 of	 a	 Microsoft	 W indows	 OS	 has	 different	 look	 and	 feel.	 But	 it	 has	 the	 same	
basic functions of providing access to applications, windows, and workspace. (see Fig. 2)
Task bar
Menu bar
Application window
Application 
launcher
Workspace
Date and Time
Menu bar
Icon
Fig.1 Ubuntu desktop
Date and
Time
Start Button Task bar
Icon
Workspace
Fig.2 Window desktop
Applications	Programming •	      Scratch now right						click	go	to						Add this     
				launcher	to	panel.
2. Scratch	added	to	panel.
We can also add a shortcut to the application launch panel.
T ejas:	 Many	 a	 time	 w e	 leav e	 our	 computer	 for	 a	 short	 break.	 Instead	 of	 logging	 out	 w e	 can	 lock	 the	
screen	and	then	unlock	it	later ,		by	just	giving	our	passw ord.	
Skill Skill Skill
Ubuntu:	Locking	screen
Adding	application	launcher	to	desktop
Adding	application	launcher	to	panel
Click	on	Main	Menu					lock	screen. •	 The	screen	is	locked.	To	unlock	enter	password. •	
1
1 2
2
Launching applications from a panel or workspace
Jy oti:	 Applications	 can	 be	 launched	 from	 the	 application	 menu,	 or	 from	 the	 panel,	 or	 from	 the	 desktop	
workspace. We can create a desktop shortcut icon for an application that is accessed frequently. 
Select	Applications						Programming						Scratch,	right	click	and	select						Add	this		 •	
				launcher	to	desktop.
2.	Scratch	added	to	desktop.
 Launching applications from a panel or workspace
1 2
Page 4


System configuration and  
Troubleshooting
T ejas:	 I	 w as	 w atching	 F1	 formula	 car	 racing.	 There	 is	 a	 lot	 of	 customization	 done	 in	 these	 cars.	 Some	
technical requirements like speed, tyres, need to be the same in each car. But the controls available on 
the steering wheel, the seat of the driver are customized.
Jy oti:	Maintenance	and	trouble	shooting	is	done	by	a	team	of	engineers.
Mo: Can you customize a desktop as per your requirements?
T ejas:	 Y es.	 Some	 of	 the	 customizations	 are,	 install	 devices,	 change	 the	 look	 of	 the	 desktop	 and	 install	
applications that we want to use. 
Jy oti:	Some	applications	require	system	administator	help	for	installation	and	configuration.
Moz: Right. Do you need engineers to troubleshoot a computer?
T ejas:	 Some	 of	 the	 trouble	 shooting	 can	 be	 done	 by	 the	 user .	 For	 example,	 if	 a	 netw ork	 is	 not	 w orking	
we can find if the network cable is connected to the switch or not. 
Jy oti:	 W e	 som etimes	 hav e	 to	 use	 the	 administrator	 login,	 to	 troubleshoot.	 For	 example,	 if	 the	 netw ork	
is not working and the cable is connected, we need to check the network settings. A user cannot check 
this or change the settings.
Moz: Right. The role of using a administrator login is called system administrator. A user can 
become a system administrator. Similar to the formula 1 car team of engineers, there are trained 
system administrators who specialize in installation, maintenance and troubleshooting of  
computers and networks.
Moz: Let us customize the desktop as per your requirements and look at customizations that require 
system admin login. Later we can look at basic troubleshooting that a desktop user should know.
Aim: In this lesson, you will learn:
- Desktop components and management.
- Basic system administration of a desktop.
- Basic troubleshooting of devices, and applications.
7
A	user	can	do	some	of	the	customization	and	trouble	shooting	on	a	desktop.	
Sometimes	the	user	has	to	use	the	administrator	login	for	these	tasks.	
Sometimes	 you	 may	 need	 the	 help	 of	 a	 trained	 system	 administrator	 to	 customize	 and	
trouble	shoot.	
Info
Customization	and	Troubleshooting
Moz: What are the components of a desktop and their uses?
Jy oti:	 The	 desktop	 has	 a	 menu	 bar	 from	 which	 w e	 can	 find	 applications.	 The	 	 task	 bar	 	 shows	 minimized	
windows of opened applications. (see Fig. 1) 
T ejas:	W e	also	hav e	some	area	to	sav e	and	access	files	on	a	desktop.	
Jy oti:	 In	 this	 area	 w e	 can	 hav e	 shortcuts	 of	 applications	 that	 w e	 frequently	 use.	 The	 files,	 directories	
and shortcut to applications are available as icons on this space.
Moz: This area where you can save and access files is called workspace. 
Jy oti:	The	desktop	also	has	a	panel	from	where	w e	can	launch	applications.
Moz: This panel is called the application launch panel.
T ejas:	The	windows	of	applications	that	w e	open	are	also	visible	on	a	desktop.
Moz:	 	 Right.	 A 	 Desktop,	 through	 a	 graphical	 user	 interface	 (GUI)	 provides	 these	 basic	 components	
(Menu bar, Workspace, Task bar, Application launch panel) to a user.    
Basic components of a desktop
Moz:	Y ou	hav e	Gnome	desktop	on	y our	lab	computer .	Hav e	y ou	seen	any	other	desktops?
Jy oti:	 Y es.	 The	 desktop	 of	 a	 Microsoft	 W indows	 OS	 has	 different	 look	 and	 feel.	 But	 it	 has	 the	 same	
basic functions of providing access to applications, windows, and workspace. (see Fig. 2)
Task bar
Menu bar
Application window
Application 
launcher
Workspace
Date and Time
Menu bar
Icon
Fig.1 Ubuntu desktop
Date and
Time
Start Button Task bar
Icon
Workspace
Fig.2 Window desktop
Applications	Programming •	      Scratch now right						click	go	to						Add this     
				launcher	to	panel.
2. Scratch	added	to	panel.
We can also add a shortcut to the application launch panel.
T ejas:	 Many	 a	 time	 w e	 leav e	 our	 computer	 for	 a	 short	 break.	 Instead	 of	 logging	 out	 w e	 can	 lock	 the	
screen	and	then	unlock	it	later ,		by	just	giving	our	passw ord.	
Skill Skill Skill
Ubuntu:	Locking	screen
Adding	application	launcher	to	desktop
Adding	application	launcher	to	panel
Click	on	Main	Menu					lock	screen. •	 The	screen	is	locked.	To	unlock	enter	password. •	
1
1 2
2
Launching applications from a panel or workspace
Jy oti:	 Applications	 can	 be	 launched	 from	 the	 application	 menu,	 or	 from	 the	 panel,	 or	 from	 the	 desktop	
workspace. We can create a desktop shortcut icon for an application that is accessed frequently. 
Select	Applications						Programming						Scratch,	right	click	and	select						Add	this		 •	
				launcher	to	desktop.
2.	Scratch	added	to	desktop.
 Launching applications from a panel or workspace
1 2
Skill
Windows:	Lock	Screen
Click	 on	 Start	 Button	 	 	 	 Shut	 down	 •	
arrow						Lock.
The	 screen	 is	 locked.	 To	 unlock	 •	
enter	password.
1 2
 Starting applications automatically when a user logs in
T ejas:	 Our	 teacher	 has	 asked	 us	 to	 configure	 the	
system such that a browser comes up as soon 
as a user logs in. We might find an option in  
systems menu. 
Moz: An application that is added in “startup 
applications” option, executes or starts automatically 
without the user intervention, as soon as the user 
logs in to.
Jy oti:	Let	us	add	firefox	to	the	startup	applications.
Select systems        preferences        startup 
applications
Fig.12
Skill
Adding	an	application	to	Startup	applications
3 4
Select	application,	click	on	add. •	
Select	application	(firefox),	click	on	add. •	 Application	added. •	
Enter	name,	enter	comment. •	
1 2
Page 5


System configuration and  
Troubleshooting
T ejas:	 I	 w as	 w atching	 F1	 formula	 car	 racing.	 There	 is	 a	 lot	 of	 customization	 done	 in	 these	 cars.	 Some	
technical requirements like speed, tyres, need to be the same in each car. But the controls available on 
the steering wheel, the seat of the driver are customized.
Jy oti:	Maintenance	and	trouble	shooting	is	done	by	a	team	of	engineers.
Mo: Can you customize a desktop as per your requirements?
T ejas:	 Y es.	 Some	 of	 the	 customizations	 are,	 install	 devices,	 change	 the	 look	 of	 the	 desktop	 and	 install	
applications that we want to use. 
Jy oti:	Some	applications	require	system	administator	help	for	installation	and	configuration.
Moz: Right. Do you need engineers to troubleshoot a computer?
T ejas:	 Some	 of	 the	 trouble	 shooting	 can	 be	 done	 by	 the	 user .	 For	 example,	 if	 a	 netw ork	 is	 not	 w orking	
we can find if the network cable is connected to the switch or not. 
Jy oti:	 W e	 som etimes	 hav e	 to	 use	 the	 administrator	 login,	 to	 troubleshoot.	 For	 example,	 if	 the	 netw ork	
is not working and the cable is connected, we need to check the network settings. A user cannot check 
this or change the settings.
Moz: Right. The role of using a administrator login is called system administrator. A user can 
become a system administrator. Similar to the formula 1 car team of engineers, there are trained 
system administrators who specialize in installation, maintenance and troubleshooting of  
computers and networks.
Moz: Let us customize the desktop as per your requirements and look at customizations that require 
system admin login. Later we can look at basic troubleshooting that a desktop user should know.
Aim: In this lesson, you will learn:
- Desktop components and management.
- Basic system administration of a desktop.
- Basic troubleshooting of devices, and applications.
7
A	user	can	do	some	of	the	customization	and	trouble	shooting	on	a	desktop.	
Sometimes	the	user	has	to	use	the	administrator	login	for	these	tasks.	
Sometimes	 you	 may	 need	 the	 help	 of	 a	 trained	 system	 administrator	 to	 customize	 and	
trouble	shoot.	
Info
Customization	and	Troubleshooting
Moz: What are the components of a desktop and their uses?
Jy oti:	 The	 desktop	 has	 a	 menu	 bar	 from	 which	 w e	 can	 find	 applications.	 The	 	 task	 bar	 	 shows	 minimized	
windows of opened applications. (see Fig. 1) 
T ejas:	W e	also	hav e	some	area	to	sav e	and	access	files	on	a	desktop.	
Jy oti:	 In	 this	 area	 w e	 can	 hav e	 shortcuts	 of	 applications	 that	 w e	 frequently	 use.	 The	 files,	 directories	
and shortcut to applications are available as icons on this space.
Moz: This area where you can save and access files is called workspace. 
Jy oti:	The	desktop	also	has	a	panel	from	where	w e	can	launch	applications.
Moz: This panel is called the application launch panel.
T ejas:	The	windows	of	applications	that	w e	open	are	also	visible	on	a	desktop.
Moz:	 	 Right.	 A 	 Desktop,	 through	 a	 graphical	 user	 interface	 (GUI)	 provides	 these	 basic	 components	
(Menu bar, Workspace, Task bar, Application launch panel) to a user.    
Basic components of a desktop
Moz:	Y ou	hav e	Gnome	desktop	on	y our	lab	computer .	Hav e	y ou	seen	any	other	desktops?
Jy oti:	 Y es.	 The	 desktop	 of	 a	 Microsoft	 W indows	 OS	 has	 different	 look	 and	 feel.	 But	 it	 has	 the	 same	
basic functions of providing access to applications, windows, and workspace. (see Fig. 2)
Task bar
Menu bar
Application window
Application 
launcher
Workspace
Date and Time
Menu bar
Icon
Fig.1 Ubuntu desktop
Date and
Time
Start Button Task bar
Icon
Workspace
Fig.2 Window desktop
Applications	Programming •	      Scratch now right						click	go	to						Add this     
				launcher	to	panel.
2. Scratch	added	to	panel.
We can also add a shortcut to the application launch panel.
T ejas:	 Many	 a	 time	 w e	 leav e	 our	 computer	 for	 a	 short	 break.	 Instead	 of	 logging	 out	 w e	 can	 lock	 the	
screen	and	then	unlock	it	later ,		by	just	giving	our	passw ord.	
Skill Skill Skill
Ubuntu:	Locking	screen
Adding	application	launcher	to	desktop
Adding	application	launcher	to	panel
Click	on	Main	Menu					lock	screen. •	 The	screen	is	locked.	To	unlock	enter	password. •	
1
1 2
2
Launching applications from a panel or workspace
Jy oti:	 Applications	 can	 be	 launched	 from	 the	 application	 menu,	 or	 from	 the	 panel,	 or	 from	 the	 desktop	
workspace. We can create a desktop shortcut icon for an application that is accessed frequently. 
Select	Applications						Programming						Scratch,	right	click	and	select						Add	this		 •	
				launcher	to	desktop.
2.	Scratch	added	to	desktop.
 Launching applications from a panel or workspace
1 2
Skill
Windows:	Lock	Screen
Click	 on	 Start	 Button	 	 	 	 Shut	 down	 •	
arrow						Lock.
The	 screen	 is	 locked.	 To	 unlock	 •	
enter	password.
1 2
 Starting applications automatically when a user logs in
T ejas:	 Our	 teacher	 has	 asked	 us	 to	 configure	 the	
system such that a browser comes up as soon 
as a user logs in. We might find an option in  
systems menu. 
Moz: An application that is added in “startup 
applications” option, executes or starts automatically 
without the user intervention, as soon as the user 
logs in to.
Jy oti:	Let	us	add	firefox	to	the	startup	applications.
Select systems        preferences        startup 
applications
Fig.12
Skill
Adding	an	application	to	Startup	applications
3 4
Select	application,	click	on	add. •	
Select	application	(firefox),	click	on	add. •	 Application	added. •	
Enter	name,	enter	comment. •	
1 2
Software	repository
Concept
A	 software	 repository	 is	 a	 storage	 location	 from	 which	 applications	 may	 be	 retrieved	 and	
installed	on	a	computer.
T ejas:	How	do	w e	start	using	the	downloaded	softw are?	
Moz: Where should you check for details of the settings and usage of any application?
T ejas:	 “Help”	 option	 of	 any	 application	 giv es	 us	 most	 of	 the	 information	 that	 w e	 require	 for	 configuring	
an application and its usage details.
Moz:	 Good	 observ ation.	 First,	 y ou	 should	 follow	 the	 A W ARE	 rules	 while	 downloading	 any	 	
application. Second, you have to download an installation file for the OS on your computer. Then 
you simply follow the instructions for installing the application.      wizard 
For ubuntu, download .deb package which is used by Ubuntu Software Center (USC) to  
install software. 
For windows, mostly .zip or .exe versions are available.
Download	the	package	for	your	particular	OS	and	it’s	version. •	
Ensure	 that	 the	 reposito ry	 is	 a	 reliable	 site	 before	 downloading	 and	 installing •	
an	application.	
Window	 OS	 install	 virus	 protection	 on	 your	 system	 and	 scan	 the	 downloaded	 package	 •	
before	installating	it.	
Provide	the	path	of	the	downloaded	and	extracted	files	.dir	to	the	installer.	 •	
Update	 yourself	 about	 the	 latest	 developments	 in	 the	 OS	 that	 is	 being	 used	 and	 details	 of	 •	
software	that	you	are	using.
Guidelines
Application installation
Moz: How many types of users are there on a computer?
Jy oti:	 A 	 person	 can	 be	 either	 a	 normal user or a System administrator. These roles have  
different privileges. 
T ejas:	Does	privileges	mean	the	actions	that	the	user	is	allow ed	to	do	on	a	computer?
Moz: Right. A privilege is a set of permissions to perform some actions on the computer. These 
are configured by the special user, called the system administrator, who has all the permissions for 
performing all the actions on the computer.
T ejas:	Users	cannot	install	new	applications.	Only	a	System	 Administrator	can	install	the	applications.	
Moz: Right. This is to keep your system secure. What would happen if every user had system 
administrator privileges?
 Privileges – System administrator  and User
 System Administrator privileges
Privilege
Concept
A	 privilege	 is	 a	 permission	 to	 perform	 an	 action.	 Examples	 of	 various	 privileges	 include	 the	
ability	 to	 create	 a	 file	 	 in	 a	 directory,	 or	 to	 read	 or	 dele te	 a	 file,	 access	 and	 use	 devices	 like	
printer	and,	scanner.
1
A 	 wizard	 is	 a	 user	 interface	 that	 presents	 a	 user	 with	 a	 sequence	 of	 dialog	 boxes	 that	 lead	 the	 user	 through	 a	 series	 of	 w ell-defined	 steps.	 T asks	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 •	
        that are unfamiliar, complex can be easily performed using a wizard. 
Recall