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Flashcards: Principles of Inheritance & Variation
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FAQs on Flashcards: Principles of Inheritance & Variation
| 1. What's the difference between dominant and recessive traits in inheritance? |  |
Ans. Dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present, while recessive traits only appear when both alleles are recessive. In Mendelian inheritance, dominant alleles mask recessive ones in heterozygous individuals. Understanding allele expression helps predict phenotypic ratios in crosses and explains why children inherit visible characteristics from parents differently.
| 2. How do I solve Punnett squares for dihybrid crosses in NEET Biology? | |
Ans. A dihybrid cross tracks two traits simultaneously using a 16-box Punnett square grid. List gametes from both parents on axes, then fill boxes with offspring genotypes. The classic 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio emerges when both traits assort independently. Practice with heterozygous parents (AaBb × AaBb) to master this foundation for inheritance problems.
| 3. Why do some traits skip generations in families? | |
Ans. Traits skip generations when they're controlled by recessive alleles carried silently in heterozygous carriers. Parents with dominant phenotypes may still carry hidden recessive alleles, passing them to offspring. When two carriers mate, recessive homozygotes appear in the next generation, revealing the concealed inheritance pattern through pedigree analysis and probability calculations.
| 4. What's the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance for CBSE exams? | |
Ans. Incomplete dominance produces a blended intermediate phenotype (e.g., pink flowers from red × white), while codominance expresses both parental traits simultaneously without blending (e.g., AB blood type showing both A and B antigens). Both violate typical Mendelian ratios, producing 1:2:1 phenotypic ratios instead of 3:1, and appear frequently in variation genetics questions.
| 5. How does linkage affect the expected ratios in genetic crosses? | |
Ans. Linked genes sit close together on the same chromosome, inheriting together instead of assorting independently. This violates Mendel's law of independent assortment, producing non-standard ratios like 1:1:1:1 instead of 9:3:3:1. Crossing over can separate linked genes, creating recombinant offspring and teaching about chromosomal basis of inheritance and genetic variation patterns.
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