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Flashcards: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
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Page 1 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Flash cards Page 2 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Flash cards Alcohol General methods of preparation (Continued) Page 3 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Flash cards Alcohol General methods of preparation (Continued) General methods of preparation (Continued) Page 4 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Flash cards Alcohol General methods of preparation (Continued) General methods of preparation (Continued) General methods of preparation Page 5 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Flash cards Alcohol General methods of preparation (Continued) General methods of preparation (Continued) General methods of preparation Chemical reactions of alcohol (Continued)Read More
FAQs on Flashcards: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
| 1. What's the difference between alcohols, phenols, and ethers in CBSE chemistry? |  |
Ans. Alcohols contain an -OH group bonded to a carbon atom; phenols have -OH attached directly to an aromatic ring; ethers have an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon groups (R-O-R'). These structural differences cause distinct chemical properties, reactivity patterns, and acidity levels, making them separate functional groups in organic chemistry.
| 2. Why are phenols more acidic than alcohols and how does this affect their reactions? | |
Ans. Phenols are significantly more acidic because the aromatic ring stabilises the negative charge on the phenoxide ion through resonance delocalisation. This electron distribution makes it easier for phenols to lose protons compared to alcohols. This enhanced acidity influences their reactivity with bases, electrophilic substitution reactions, and their behaviour in esterification reactions.
| 3. How can you distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols using simple tests? | |
Ans. Primary alcohols oxidise readily to aldehydes then carboxylic acids; secondary alcohols oxidise to ketones; tertiary alcohols resist oxidation. The Lucas test (with HCl and ZnCl₂) differentiates them by reaction speed-tertiary alcohols react fastest, primary slowest. Chromic acid oxidation and iodoform tests also distinguish these alcohol classes effectively.
| 4. What reactions do ethers undergo and why are they considered relatively unreactive? | |
Ans. Ethers are relatively unreactive because the C-O-C bond is strong and the oxygen lone pairs are unavailable for nucleophilic attack due to resonance stabilisation. They primarily undergo cleavage reactions with strong acids like HBr or HI under heat. Ethers also participate in peroxide formation when exposed to air and light over extended periods.
| 5. How do alcohols, phenols, and ethers differ in their hydrogen bonding capability and solubility in water? | |
Ans. Alcohols and phenols form extensive hydrogen bonds through their -OH groups, making them highly water-soluble. Ethers cannot donate hydrogen bonds but can accept them, reducing water solubility. Lower molecular weight alcohols and phenols show excellent aqueous solubility; solubility decreases as carbon chain length increases in all three functional groups.
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