States of Matter PPT Chemistry Class 11

 Page 1


? Intermolecular forces are the forces of 
attraction and repulsion between interacting 
particles (atoms and molecules). This term does 
not include the electrostatic forces that exist 
between the two oppositely charged ions and the 
forces that hold atoms of a molecule together.
? Dispersion Forces or London Forces
Atoms and non polar molecules are electrically 
symmetrical and have no dipole moment because 
their electronic charge cloud is symmetrically 
distributed. But a dipole may
develop momentarily even in such atoms and 
molecules.
Page 2


? Intermolecular forces are the forces of 
attraction and repulsion between interacting 
particles (atoms and molecules). This term does 
not include the electrostatic forces that exist 
between the two oppositely charged ions and the 
forces that hold atoms of a molecule together.
? Dispersion Forces or London Forces
Atoms and non polar molecules are electrically 
symmetrical and have no dipole moment because 
their electronic charge cloud is symmetrically 
distributed. But a dipole may
develop momentarily even in such atoms and 
molecules.
Page 3


? Intermolecular forces are the forces of 
attraction and repulsion between interacting 
particles (atoms and molecules). This term does 
not include the electrostatic forces that exist 
between the two oppositely charged ions and the 
forces that hold atoms of a molecule together.
? Dispersion Forces or London Forces
Atoms and non polar molecules are electrically 
symmetrical and have no dipole moment because 
their electronic charge cloud is symmetrically 
distributed. But a dipole may
develop momentarily even in such atoms and 
molecules.
? Dipole-dipole forces act between the molecules 
possessing permanent dipole. Ends of the dipoles 
possess “partial charges” and these charges are 
shown by Greek letter delta (d).
? Partial charges are always less than the unit 
electronic charge (1.6×10–19 C). The polar 
molecules interact with neighbouring.molecules.
? Molecules shows electron cloud distribution in 
the dipole of hydrogen chloride shows dipole-
dipole interaction between two HCl molecules. 
This interaction is stronger than the London 
forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction 
because only partial charges are involved
Page 4


? Intermolecular forces are the forces of 
attraction and repulsion between interacting 
particles (atoms and molecules). This term does 
not include the electrostatic forces that exist 
between the two oppositely charged ions and the 
forces that hold atoms of a molecule together.
? Dispersion Forces or London Forces
Atoms and non polar molecules are electrically 
symmetrical and have no dipole moment because 
their electronic charge cloud is symmetrically 
distributed. But a dipole may
develop momentarily even in such atoms and 
molecules.
? Dipole-dipole forces act between the molecules 
possessing permanent dipole. Ends of the dipoles 
possess “partial charges” and these charges are 
shown by Greek letter delta (d).
? Partial charges are always less than the unit 
electronic charge (1.6×10–19 C). The polar 
molecules interact with neighbouring.molecules.
? Molecules shows electron cloud distribution in 
the dipole of hydrogen chloride shows dipole-
dipole interaction between two HCl molecules. 
This interaction is stronger than the London 
forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction 
because only partial charges are involved
Page 5


? Intermolecular forces are the forces of 
attraction and repulsion between interacting 
particles (atoms and molecules). This term does 
not include the electrostatic forces that exist 
between the two oppositely charged ions and the 
forces that hold atoms of a molecule together.
? Dispersion Forces or London Forces
Atoms and non polar molecules are electrically 
symmetrical and have no dipole moment because 
their electronic charge cloud is symmetrically 
distributed. But a dipole may
develop momentarily even in such atoms and 
molecules.
? Dipole-dipole forces act between the molecules 
possessing permanent dipole. Ends of the dipoles 
possess “partial charges” and these charges are 
shown by Greek letter delta (d).
? Partial charges are always less than the unit 
electronic charge (1.6×10–19 C). The polar 
molecules interact with neighbouring.molecules.
? Molecules shows electron cloud distribution in 
the dipole of hydrogen chloride shows dipole-
dipole interaction between two HCl molecules. 
This interaction is stronger than the London 
forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction 
because only partial charges are involved
? This type of attractive forces operate between the
polar molecules having permanent dipole and the
molecules lacking permanent dipole. Permanent
dipole of the polar molecule induces dipole on the
electrically neutral molecule by deforming its
electronic cloud. Thus an induced dipole is
developed in the other molecule. In this case also
interaction energy is proportional to 1/r 6