Class 12 Legal Studies Official Sample Question Paper (2018-19) | Legal Studies for Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


1 
 
 
Class XII 
Legal Studies (074) 
Sample Question Paper 2018-19 
Time allowed: 3 hours        Max. Marks 100 
General Instructions: 
1. Section A contains questions 1 – 8 which carry 1 mark each 
2. Section B contains questions 9 - 14 which carry 2 marks each and should be answered in 
about 40 words 
3. Section C contains questions 15-20 which carry 4 marks each and should be answered in 
about 100 words 
4. Section D contains questions 21-24 which carry 5 marks each and should be answered in 
about 120 words 
5. Section E contains questions 25-30 which carry 6 marks each and should be answered in 
about 150 words 
6. Internal choices have been given in all sections of the question paper 
7. All questions are compulsary 
 
SECTION - A 
 
1. Which of the following may act as an estoppel? 
 
a. Admission 
b. Confession 
c. Intention 
d. Preparation 
 
1 
OR 
 
Saraswati Universty was created under the mandate of a Central Legislation 
which specified that the university should open a bank account with the 
Karamchari Bank. This is an: 
 
a. Administrative legislative action 
b. Administrative judicial action 
c. Simply administrative action 
d. Purely administrative action 
 
2. An armed thief entered Aviral’s house. To save himself and his belongings, 
Aviral pushed the thief which resulted in head injuries to the thief. Is Aviral’s 
act justified under criminal law? 
 
a. Yes, causing injury under self defence is not a crime. 
b. No, causing hurt intentionally is a crime. 
c. Yes, because the injury was not serious. 
d. No, he should have called the police. 
 
1 
Page 2


1 
 
 
Class XII 
Legal Studies (074) 
Sample Question Paper 2018-19 
Time allowed: 3 hours        Max. Marks 100 
General Instructions: 
1. Section A contains questions 1 – 8 which carry 1 mark each 
2. Section B contains questions 9 - 14 which carry 2 marks each and should be answered in 
about 40 words 
3. Section C contains questions 15-20 which carry 4 marks each and should be answered in 
about 100 words 
4. Section D contains questions 21-24 which carry 5 marks each and should be answered in 
about 120 words 
5. Section E contains questions 25-30 which carry 6 marks each and should be answered in 
about 150 words 
6. Internal choices have been given in all sections of the question paper 
7. All questions are compulsary 
 
SECTION - A 
 
1. Which of the following may act as an estoppel? 
 
a. Admission 
b. Confession 
c. Intention 
d. Preparation 
 
1 
OR 
 
Saraswati Universty was created under the mandate of a Central Legislation 
which specified that the university should open a bank account with the 
Karamchari Bank. This is an: 
 
a. Administrative legislative action 
b. Administrative judicial action 
c. Simply administrative action 
d. Purely administrative action 
 
2. An armed thief entered Aviral’s house. To save himself and his belongings, 
Aviral pushed the thief which resulted in head injuries to the thief. Is Aviral’s 
act justified under criminal law? 
 
a. Yes, causing injury under self defence is not a crime. 
b. No, causing hurt intentionally is a crime. 
c. Yes, because the injury was not serious. 
d. No, he should have called the police. 
 
1 
2 
 
 
3. 
 
Ramika International Ltd. And Northstar Pvt. Ltd. have a dispute over 
production process which involved intricate trade secrets. Suggest the most 
suited ADR that can protect the trade secret while resolving the dispute: 
 
a. Arbitration 
b. Mediation 
c. Conciliation 
d. LokAdalat 
 
 
1 
4. The driver of a bus owned by State Road Transport Authority asked Rajni, a 
passenger to deboard the bus in a deserted place where no other means of 
transport was available. She alleged that her Fundamental Right was violated by 
the driver’s conduct. Can action be taken against the State Road Transport 
Authority? 
 
a. Yes, because Rajni was dropped at a deserted place. 
b. Yes, because State Road Transport Authority is state according to article 
12. 
c. Yes, Fundamental Rights can be enforced against private entities. 
d. Yes, because she was not given a fair hearing. 
 
1 
5. Simran is 22 years old and has completed her LLB degree from a recognized 
Indian University. She wants to obtain a license to start her practice. Identify the 
additional requirement she needs to fulfill 
 
a. She must have an LLM degree 
b. She must get herself registered with BCI 
c. She must have completed her internship under a senior advocate 
d. She must clear All India Bar Exam. 
 
1 
6. With regard to FLC, point the odd one out: 
 
a. New York 
b. New Jersey 
c. California 
d. Florida 
 
1 
OR 
 
With respect to an Advocate on Record, point the odd one out: 
 
a. Has to be enrolled with the Bar Council of India for at least 5 years 
b. Completed 1 year training with an AOR of not less than 5 years standing 
c. Must have office in Delhi within 16 kms from the Supreme Court 
d. Wear gowns that have flaps on the shoulder 
 
 
Page 3


1 
 
 
Class XII 
Legal Studies (074) 
Sample Question Paper 2018-19 
Time allowed: 3 hours        Max. Marks 100 
General Instructions: 
1. Section A contains questions 1 – 8 which carry 1 mark each 
2. Section B contains questions 9 - 14 which carry 2 marks each and should be answered in 
about 40 words 
3. Section C contains questions 15-20 which carry 4 marks each and should be answered in 
about 100 words 
4. Section D contains questions 21-24 which carry 5 marks each and should be answered in 
about 120 words 
5. Section E contains questions 25-30 which carry 6 marks each and should be answered in 
about 150 words 
6. Internal choices have been given in all sections of the question paper 
7. All questions are compulsary 
 
SECTION - A 
 
1. Which of the following may act as an estoppel? 
 
a. Admission 
b. Confession 
c. Intention 
d. Preparation 
 
1 
OR 
 
Saraswati Universty was created under the mandate of a Central Legislation 
which specified that the university should open a bank account with the 
Karamchari Bank. This is an: 
 
a. Administrative legislative action 
b. Administrative judicial action 
c. Simply administrative action 
d. Purely administrative action 
 
2. An armed thief entered Aviral’s house. To save himself and his belongings, 
Aviral pushed the thief which resulted in head injuries to the thief. Is Aviral’s 
act justified under criminal law? 
 
a. Yes, causing injury under self defence is not a crime. 
b. No, causing hurt intentionally is a crime. 
c. Yes, because the injury was not serious. 
d. No, he should have called the police. 
 
1 
2 
 
 
3. 
 
Ramika International Ltd. And Northstar Pvt. Ltd. have a dispute over 
production process which involved intricate trade secrets. Suggest the most 
suited ADR that can protect the trade secret while resolving the dispute: 
 
a. Arbitration 
b. Mediation 
c. Conciliation 
d. LokAdalat 
 
 
1 
4. The driver of a bus owned by State Road Transport Authority asked Rajni, a 
passenger to deboard the bus in a deserted place where no other means of 
transport was available. She alleged that her Fundamental Right was violated by 
the driver’s conduct. Can action be taken against the State Road Transport 
Authority? 
 
a. Yes, because Rajni was dropped at a deserted place. 
b. Yes, because State Road Transport Authority is state according to article 
12. 
c. Yes, Fundamental Rights can be enforced against private entities. 
d. Yes, because she was not given a fair hearing. 
 
1 
5. Simran is 22 years old and has completed her LLB degree from a recognized 
Indian University. She wants to obtain a license to start her practice. Identify the 
additional requirement she needs to fulfill 
 
a. She must have an LLM degree 
b. She must get herself registered with BCI 
c. She must have completed her internship under a senior advocate 
d. She must clear All India Bar Exam. 
 
1 
6. With regard to FLC, point the odd one out: 
 
a. New York 
b. New Jersey 
c. California 
d. Florida 
 
1 
OR 
 
With respect to an Advocate on Record, point the odd one out: 
 
a. Has to be enrolled with the Bar Council of India for at least 5 years 
b. Completed 1 year training with an AOR of not less than 5 years standing 
c. Must have office in Delhi within 16 kms from the Supreme Court 
d. Wear gowns that have flaps on the shoulder 
 
 
3 
 
7. Dinesh Kumar, a practicing advocate engaged in the following activities as part 
of his professional duties: 
 
1. Accepted the brief from his client 
2. Asked for contingency fee from the client 
3. Met the opposite party directly. 
4. Maintained client confidentiality. 
 
Which of the above activities amounts to breach of professional duties by the 
advocate: 
 
a. Only 2 
b. Both 1 and 2 
c. Both 2 and 3 
d. Only 3 
 
1 
8. Mr. Mehta, an activist lawyer wrote a letter to a judge of the Supreme Court, 
drawing his attention towards the need for political reforms having general 
elections round the corner where he insisted on a condition on the disclosure of 
the assets by the candidates. Which extra ordinary jurisdiction empowers Mr. 
Mehta to move the court? 
 
a. Public Interest Litigation 
b. Writ Jurisdiction 
c. Special Leave to Appeal 
d. Judicial review 
 
1 
OR 
Sushil was working with a government agency whose function was to formulate 
laws and policy for resolving telecom disputes in India. Identify the body: 
 
a. Telecom Dispute Settlement Appellate Tribunal  
b. Central Administrative Tribunal 
c. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India 
d. Regulator 
 
SECTION – B 
 
9. Mr. Nakul wanted to sell his property at Cochin worth Rs. 30 Lakhs to Ms. 
Sheetal and by the same instrument another property at Delhi for Rs. 50 Lakhs. 
As Ms. Sheetal can stay at only one place among the two, she wants to retain the 
property at Cochin and reject the property at Delhi. Can she do it? Explain  
 
2 
10. Mini and Jolly are neighbours, and have a dispute over the wall that divides their 
property. They decide to undergo a mediation session, where the mediator 
listens to Mini and Jolly and discuss their issues. The mediator then decides on a 
solution for Mini and Jolly, and tells them that they must adhere to it as it is 
legally binding. 
Identify two errors in the mediation process experienced by Mini and Jolly and 
explain how these mistakes can be corrected. 
 
2 
Page 4


1 
 
 
Class XII 
Legal Studies (074) 
Sample Question Paper 2018-19 
Time allowed: 3 hours        Max. Marks 100 
General Instructions: 
1. Section A contains questions 1 – 8 which carry 1 mark each 
2. Section B contains questions 9 - 14 which carry 2 marks each and should be answered in 
about 40 words 
3. Section C contains questions 15-20 which carry 4 marks each and should be answered in 
about 100 words 
4. Section D contains questions 21-24 which carry 5 marks each and should be answered in 
about 120 words 
5. Section E contains questions 25-30 which carry 6 marks each and should be answered in 
about 150 words 
6. Internal choices have been given in all sections of the question paper 
7. All questions are compulsary 
 
SECTION - A 
 
1. Which of the following may act as an estoppel? 
 
a. Admission 
b. Confession 
c. Intention 
d. Preparation 
 
1 
OR 
 
Saraswati Universty was created under the mandate of a Central Legislation 
which specified that the university should open a bank account with the 
Karamchari Bank. This is an: 
 
a. Administrative legislative action 
b. Administrative judicial action 
c. Simply administrative action 
d. Purely administrative action 
 
2. An armed thief entered Aviral’s house. To save himself and his belongings, 
Aviral pushed the thief which resulted in head injuries to the thief. Is Aviral’s 
act justified under criminal law? 
 
a. Yes, causing injury under self defence is not a crime. 
b. No, causing hurt intentionally is a crime. 
c. Yes, because the injury was not serious. 
d. No, he should have called the police. 
 
1 
2 
 
 
3. 
 
Ramika International Ltd. And Northstar Pvt. Ltd. have a dispute over 
production process which involved intricate trade secrets. Suggest the most 
suited ADR that can protect the trade secret while resolving the dispute: 
 
a. Arbitration 
b. Mediation 
c. Conciliation 
d. LokAdalat 
 
 
1 
4. The driver of a bus owned by State Road Transport Authority asked Rajni, a 
passenger to deboard the bus in a deserted place where no other means of 
transport was available. She alleged that her Fundamental Right was violated by 
the driver’s conduct. Can action be taken against the State Road Transport 
Authority? 
 
a. Yes, because Rajni was dropped at a deserted place. 
b. Yes, because State Road Transport Authority is state according to article 
12. 
c. Yes, Fundamental Rights can be enforced against private entities. 
d. Yes, because she was not given a fair hearing. 
 
1 
5. Simran is 22 years old and has completed her LLB degree from a recognized 
Indian University. She wants to obtain a license to start her practice. Identify the 
additional requirement she needs to fulfill 
 
a. She must have an LLM degree 
b. She must get herself registered with BCI 
c. She must have completed her internship under a senior advocate 
d. She must clear All India Bar Exam. 
 
1 
6. With regard to FLC, point the odd one out: 
 
a. New York 
b. New Jersey 
c. California 
d. Florida 
 
1 
OR 
 
With respect to an Advocate on Record, point the odd one out: 
 
a. Has to be enrolled with the Bar Council of India for at least 5 years 
b. Completed 1 year training with an AOR of not less than 5 years standing 
c. Must have office in Delhi within 16 kms from the Supreme Court 
d. Wear gowns that have flaps on the shoulder 
 
 
3 
 
7. Dinesh Kumar, a practicing advocate engaged in the following activities as part 
of his professional duties: 
 
1. Accepted the brief from his client 
2. Asked for contingency fee from the client 
3. Met the opposite party directly. 
4. Maintained client confidentiality. 
 
Which of the above activities amounts to breach of professional duties by the 
advocate: 
 
a. Only 2 
b. Both 1 and 2 
c. Both 2 and 3 
d. Only 3 
 
1 
8. Mr. Mehta, an activist lawyer wrote a letter to a judge of the Supreme Court, 
drawing his attention towards the need for political reforms having general 
elections round the corner where he insisted on a condition on the disclosure of 
the assets by the candidates. Which extra ordinary jurisdiction empowers Mr. 
Mehta to move the court? 
 
a. Public Interest Litigation 
b. Writ Jurisdiction 
c. Special Leave to Appeal 
d. Judicial review 
 
1 
OR 
Sushil was working with a government agency whose function was to formulate 
laws and policy for resolving telecom disputes in India. Identify the body: 
 
a. Telecom Dispute Settlement Appellate Tribunal  
b. Central Administrative Tribunal 
c. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India 
d. Regulator 
 
SECTION – B 
 
9. Mr. Nakul wanted to sell his property at Cochin worth Rs. 30 Lakhs to Ms. 
Sheetal and by the same instrument another property at Delhi for Rs. 50 Lakhs. 
As Ms. Sheetal can stay at only one place among the two, she wants to retain the 
property at Cochin and reject the property at Delhi. Can she do it? Explain  
 
2 
10. Mini and Jolly are neighbours, and have a dispute over the wall that divides their 
property. They decide to undergo a mediation session, where the mediator 
listens to Mini and Jolly and discuss their issues. The mediator then decides on a 
solution for Mini and Jolly, and tells them that they must adhere to it as it is 
legally binding. 
Identify two errors in the mediation process experienced by Mini and Jolly and 
explain how these mistakes can be corrected. 
 
2 
4 
 
OR 
Salil and Gunjan had a matrimonial dispute for which they approached litigation 
as the mode of dispute resolution. However the procedure turned out to be very 
lengthy and the hearing dates were far apart from each other. Many a times, 
lawyers representing the parties charged their fees without fruitful results. In 
light of the above situation, state the benefits of alternative dispute resolution 
over traditional litigation. 
 
11. A statutory body was created consisting of an eminent judicial member of 
impeccable integrity as its chairman and 8 other members, out of which 4 were 
judicial members. Identify the body and state its scope. 
 
2 
12. Sumit, a resident of NayaSavera society was violently beaten up by his 
neighbours on the suspicion of human trafficking. He approached the police but 
they did not take any action to protect his rights. Identify the body he can 
approach for redressal of his grievance and give its powers. 
 
2 
13. Article 19 gives right to freedom and these rights come with a clause which 
makes these freedoms conditional. Comment on the need of reasonable 
restrictions. 
 
2 
14. State any 4 functions of State Bar Council. 
 
2 
OR 
What are the rules on advertising by lawyers in India? 
 
SECTION – C 
 
 
15. Distinguish between Attorney General and Advocate General. 
 
4 
16. Justify the contradiction between Article 14 and Article 16. 
 
4 
OR 
“This article is most fundamental; it is expansive and covers many other rights 
and is applicable to both the citizens as well as non-citizens.” Evaluate the 
above statement by identifying the article described. 
 
17. How did Chamier committee contribute towards the development of present day 
Indian Legal Profession? 
 
4 
18. Explain any 4 reasons which necessitate Legal aid in India 
 
4 
OR 
Explain the main reason behind amendment of the Legal Services Authority 
Act, 1987 in 2002 and also explain the amendment so made. 
 
19. State the relevance of the following institutions: 
i. UNESCO 
ii. World Bank and IMF 
 
4 
20. Explain the process of impeachment of Judges of the Supreme Court. 
 
4 
Page 5


1 
 
 
Class XII 
Legal Studies (074) 
Sample Question Paper 2018-19 
Time allowed: 3 hours        Max. Marks 100 
General Instructions: 
1. Section A contains questions 1 – 8 which carry 1 mark each 
2. Section B contains questions 9 - 14 which carry 2 marks each and should be answered in 
about 40 words 
3. Section C contains questions 15-20 which carry 4 marks each and should be answered in 
about 100 words 
4. Section D contains questions 21-24 which carry 5 marks each and should be answered in 
about 120 words 
5. Section E contains questions 25-30 which carry 6 marks each and should be answered in 
about 150 words 
6. Internal choices have been given in all sections of the question paper 
7. All questions are compulsary 
 
SECTION - A 
 
1. Which of the following may act as an estoppel? 
 
a. Admission 
b. Confession 
c. Intention 
d. Preparation 
 
1 
OR 
 
Saraswati Universty was created under the mandate of a Central Legislation 
which specified that the university should open a bank account with the 
Karamchari Bank. This is an: 
 
a. Administrative legislative action 
b. Administrative judicial action 
c. Simply administrative action 
d. Purely administrative action 
 
2. An armed thief entered Aviral’s house. To save himself and his belongings, 
Aviral pushed the thief which resulted in head injuries to the thief. Is Aviral’s 
act justified under criminal law? 
 
a. Yes, causing injury under self defence is not a crime. 
b. No, causing hurt intentionally is a crime. 
c. Yes, because the injury was not serious. 
d. No, he should have called the police. 
 
1 
2 
 
 
3. 
 
Ramika International Ltd. And Northstar Pvt. Ltd. have a dispute over 
production process which involved intricate trade secrets. Suggest the most 
suited ADR that can protect the trade secret while resolving the dispute: 
 
a. Arbitration 
b. Mediation 
c. Conciliation 
d. LokAdalat 
 
 
1 
4. The driver of a bus owned by State Road Transport Authority asked Rajni, a 
passenger to deboard the bus in a deserted place where no other means of 
transport was available. She alleged that her Fundamental Right was violated by 
the driver’s conduct. Can action be taken against the State Road Transport 
Authority? 
 
a. Yes, because Rajni was dropped at a deserted place. 
b. Yes, because State Road Transport Authority is state according to article 
12. 
c. Yes, Fundamental Rights can be enforced against private entities. 
d. Yes, because she was not given a fair hearing. 
 
1 
5. Simran is 22 years old and has completed her LLB degree from a recognized 
Indian University. She wants to obtain a license to start her practice. Identify the 
additional requirement she needs to fulfill 
 
a. She must have an LLM degree 
b. She must get herself registered with BCI 
c. She must have completed her internship under a senior advocate 
d. She must clear All India Bar Exam. 
 
1 
6. With regard to FLC, point the odd one out: 
 
a. New York 
b. New Jersey 
c. California 
d. Florida 
 
1 
OR 
 
With respect to an Advocate on Record, point the odd one out: 
 
a. Has to be enrolled with the Bar Council of India for at least 5 years 
b. Completed 1 year training with an AOR of not less than 5 years standing 
c. Must have office in Delhi within 16 kms from the Supreme Court 
d. Wear gowns that have flaps on the shoulder 
 
 
3 
 
7. Dinesh Kumar, a practicing advocate engaged in the following activities as part 
of his professional duties: 
 
1. Accepted the brief from his client 
2. Asked for contingency fee from the client 
3. Met the opposite party directly. 
4. Maintained client confidentiality. 
 
Which of the above activities amounts to breach of professional duties by the 
advocate: 
 
a. Only 2 
b. Both 1 and 2 
c. Both 2 and 3 
d. Only 3 
 
1 
8. Mr. Mehta, an activist lawyer wrote a letter to a judge of the Supreme Court, 
drawing his attention towards the need for political reforms having general 
elections round the corner where he insisted on a condition on the disclosure of 
the assets by the candidates. Which extra ordinary jurisdiction empowers Mr. 
Mehta to move the court? 
 
a. Public Interest Litigation 
b. Writ Jurisdiction 
c. Special Leave to Appeal 
d. Judicial review 
 
1 
OR 
Sushil was working with a government agency whose function was to formulate 
laws and policy for resolving telecom disputes in India. Identify the body: 
 
a. Telecom Dispute Settlement Appellate Tribunal  
b. Central Administrative Tribunal 
c. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India 
d. Regulator 
 
SECTION – B 
 
9. Mr. Nakul wanted to sell his property at Cochin worth Rs. 30 Lakhs to Ms. 
Sheetal and by the same instrument another property at Delhi for Rs. 50 Lakhs. 
As Ms. Sheetal can stay at only one place among the two, she wants to retain the 
property at Cochin and reject the property at Delhi. Can she do it? Explain  
 
2 
10. Mini and Jolly are neighbours, and have a dispute over the wall that divides their 
property. They decide to undergo a mediation session, where the mediator 
listens to Mini and Jolly and discuss their issues. The mediator then decides on a 
solution for Mini and Jolly, and tells them that they must adhere to it as it is 
legally binding. 
Identify two errors in the mediation process experienced by Mini and Jolly and 
explain how these mistakes can be corrected. 
 
2 
4 
 
OR 
Salil and Gunjan had a matrimonial dispute for which they approached litigation 
as the mode of dispute resolution. However the procedure turned out to be very 
lengthy and the hearing dates were far apart from each other. Many a times, 
lawyers representing the parties charged their fees without fruitful results. In 
light of the above situation, state the benefits of alternative dispute resolution 
over traditional litigation. 
 
11. A statutory body was created consisting of an eminent judicial member of 
impeccable integrity as its chairman and 8 other members, out of which 4 were 
judicial members. Identify the body and state its scope. 
 
2 
12. Sumit, a resident of NayaSavera society was violently beaten up by his 
neighbours on the suspicion of human trafficking. He approached the police but 
they did not take any action to protect his rights. Identify the body he can 
approach for redressal of his grievance and give its powers. 
 
2 
13. Article 19 gives right to freedom and these rights come with a clause which 
makes these freedoms conditional. Comment on the need of reasonable 
restrictions. 
 
2 
14. State any 4 functions of State Bar Council. 
 
2 
OR 
What are the rules on advertising by lawyers in India? 
 
SECTION – C 
 
 
15. Distinguish between Attorney General and Advocate General. 
 
4 
16. Justify the contradiction between Article 14 and Article 16. 
 
4 
OR 
“This article is most fundamental; it is expansive and covers many other rights 
and is applicable to both the citizens as well as non-citizens.” Evaluate the 
above statement by identifying the article described. 
 
17. How did Chamier committee contribute towards the development of present day 
Indian Legal Profession? 
 
4 
18. Explain any 4 reasons which necessitate Legal aid in India 
 
4 
OR 
Explain the main reason behind amendment of the Legal Services Authority 
Act, 1987 in 2002 and also explain the amendment so made. 
 
19. State the relevance of the following institutions: 
i. UNESCO 
ii. World Bank and IMF 
 
4 
20. Explain the process of impeachment of Judges of the Supreme Court. 
 
4 
5 
 
SECTION - D 
21. Gaurav opened an account with Sapna Bank. One day, while operating the 
ATM, his card did not function. However, the money was deducted from his 
account. To add to his agony, he discovered that his passbook showed multiple 
deductions for service charges also He approached the Bank but the bank 
refused to address his problem. 
 
i. Identify the agency he can approach for the redressal of his grievance. 
ii. State its functions. 
iii. Provide the advantage and disadvantages of this agency. 
 
5 
OR 
Which innovative Indian Contribution to the global legal jurisprudence was 
conceptualized from Nyaya Panchayats? 
 
A. Give the composition and jurisdiction of this body. 
B. State any two benefits of this body. 
 
22. Chintu and his friends were working in a fire cracker factory. One day, the 
factory caught fire and Chintu and his friends were seriously injured. It was 
established that the owner had taken all due precautions for the safety of his 
factory. However, Chintu wants compensation for the injury suffered by him 
and his friends. Identify the principle of tort law under which he can claim relief 
and explain its evolution. 
 
5 
23. In an adversarial dispute resolution model, the knowledge and experience of a 
judge is not fully utilized. Justify the above statement.  
 
5 
24. Explain the purpose of social engineering. Also, state the three processes 
whereby developing civilizations progressively moved towards social 
engineering through free legal aid. 
 
5 
SECTION E 
 
25. Explain the scope of Judicial Review. 
 
6 
OR 
Explain the reasons for granting an independent status to the judiciary. 
 
26. Sohan Lal promises to supply 50 bags of cement to Magna Real Estate for their 
ongoing commercial project on 15
th
 March 2018. Sohan Lal does not supply 
cement on 15
th
 March 2018 but supplies it on 25
th
 March 2018, due to which the 
project could not be completed on time.  
 
i. Identify and explain the mode of discharge of this contract. 
ii. What is the remedy available to Magna Real Estate. 
iii. Explain the rationale behind this remedy. 
 
6 
27. Explain any 6 opportunities for law graduates in India. 
 
6