NCERT Textbook: Katha Patkatha | Hindi Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

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Rationalised 2023-24
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Rationalised 2023-24
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Rationalised 2023-24
Page 4


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Rationalised 2023-24
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12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 136
vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
esa izLrqr dj ldrs gSaA Ý
+
yS'kcSd oks rduhd gksrh gS] ftlesa vki vrhr esa ?kVh fdlh ?kVuk
dks fn[kkrs gSa vkSj Ý
+
yS'k I
+
kQkWjoMZ esa vki Hkfo"; esa gksus okys fdlh gknls dks igys fn[kk nsrs
gSaA bu nksuksa rduhdksa dks ge ,d&,d mnkgj.k ls le>us dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA eku yhft,
ge jkaxs;&jk?ko dh dgkuh xw¡xs ij fI
+
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kQYe 'kq: gksrh gS lM+d
osQ n`'; ls (tgk¡ oqQN fd'kksj yM+osQ feydj ,d nqcys&irys yM+osQ dks ihV jgs gSaA ekj [kk
jgk yM+dk Hkkx dj ,d ?kj osQ njok”ks ij igq¡prk gSA ?kj osQ Hkhrj ls Hkkx dj pesyh vkrh
gS] mlosQ lkFk mlosQ NksVs&NksVs cPps 'koqaQryk vkSj clark Hkh gSaA pesyh ?kj dh ngyh”k ij
lj j[ks] [kwu ls yFkiFk xw¡xs dks ns[krh gS] tks viuh O;Fkk dks O;Dr djus esa vleFkZ gSA vkSj
pesyh dks oks fnu ;kn vkrk gS] ftl fnu vukFkky; esa igyh ckj mldh eqykdkr xw¡xs ls
gqbZ FkhA vc ge ikxy[kkus dk oks n`'; fn[kkrs gSa] tgk¡ oqQN fnu igys pesyh viuh lgsfy;ksa
osQ lkFk xbZ Fkh vkSj tgk¡ igyh ckj mldh xw¡xs ls eqykdkr gqbZ FkhA) ;gh] orZeku ls vrhr
esa tkuk] Ý
+
yS'kcSd dh rduhd dgykrk gSA Ý
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osQ ukVd vaMs osQ fNyosQ dk oks n`'; ysrs gSa tgk¡ ';ke osQ ck”kkj tkus osQ ckn ohuk ?kj
Bhd&Bkd dj jgh gS vkSj mls oks eks”kk feyrk gS ftlesa vaMs osQ fNyosQ Hkjs gq, gSaA oSls ewy
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esa Ý
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vpkud ohuk osQ eu esa ;g fopkj dkSa/rk gS fd ;s eks”ks mldh lkl tequk nsoh osQ gkFkksa
yx x, gSa (oks iwjs ifjokj rFkk iM+ksfl;ksa osQ lkeus eks”kksa esa ls vaMs osQ fNyosQ ”kehu ij fxjk
dj mls cqjk&Hkyk dg jgh gSaA ge okil orZeku esa vkrs gSa vkSj ohuk viuk laokn iwjk djrh
gSµ¶fdruh ckj dgk fNyosQ eks”ks esa er j[kk djks] dgha fdlh osQ gkFk yx x,] rks ysus osQ
nsus iM+ tk,¡xsA¸ vkSj pk; dk ikuh ghVj ij j[kus osQ fy, pyh tkrh gSA)
;gk¡ ,d rF; xkSj djus yk;d gS] oks ;g fd Ý
+
yS'kcSd vkSj Ý
+
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kQkWjoMZ nksuksa gh ;qfDr;ksa
dk bLrseky djus osQ i'pkr gesa okil orZeku esa vkuk ”k:jh gSA rkfd n'kZdksa osQ eu esa fdlh
fdLe dk vleatl u jgsA fI
+
kQYe ;k Vsyhfo”ku ekè;e esa ,d lqfo/k ;g Hkh gS fd ,d gh
le;&[akM esa vyx&vyx LFkkuksa ij D;k ?kfVr gks jgk gS] fn[kk;k tk ldrk gSA elyu] ge
fn[kkrs gSa gekjk de i<+k&fy[kk uk;d] xk¡o esa unh esa Mwcrs ,d cPps dh tku cpkrk gS] Bhd
mlh le; g”kkjksa ehy nwj fdlh egkuxj esa jgus okyk gekjk uk;d viuh
cs'kdherh fons'kh dkj ls ,d cw<+s isQjhokys dks VDdj ekj nssrk gSA dkykarj esa
nksuksa uk;dksa dh eqykdkr ns'k dh jkt/kuh esa gksrh gS] uk;d u- 1 vc cgqr
cM+k e”knwj usrk cu x;k gS vkSj uk;d u- 2 ,d dke;kc m|ksxifrA eryc
;s fd bu nksuksa O;fDr;ksa dk ;gk¡ rd dk lI
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kQj ge ,d lkFk fn[kk ldrs gSa
;k vxj ge vaMs osQ fNyosQ dk gh mnkgj.k ysa] (rks ftl le; ohuk vaMk
izQkbaxiSu eas Mky dj gyqvk cukuk 'kq: djrh gS] mlh le; ge fn[kk ldrs
gSa] ?kj osQ ckgj tequk nsoh fjD'ks ls mrj dj mls iSls ns jgh gSaA ge fiQj
fn[kkrs gSa] ohuk dk gyqvk yxHkx cu x;k gSA m/j tequk nsoh ?kj osQ vanj
Rationalised 2023-24
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esa ukVdh; ruko c<+kus esa dkI
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iVdFkk dh ewy bdkbZ gksrh gS n`';A ,d LFkku ij] ,d gh le; esa yxkrkj py jgs dk;Z
O;kikj osQ vk/kj ij ,d n`'; fufeZr gksrk gSA bu rhuksa esa ls fdlh Hkh ,d osQ cnyus ls n`';
Hkh cny tkrk gSA ge vkiosQ ikB~;ozQe esa ls jtuh dk gh mnkgj.k ysrs gSa n`';&,d yhyk csu
uked efgyk osQ Ý
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vyx&vyx yksosQ'kal ij vyx&vyx n`'; gSaA
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esa pys tkrs rks ckotwn blosQ fd le;] dk;Z&O;kikj] pfj=k lc ,d gh gSa fiQj Hkh n`'; la[;k
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jtuh vxj Mk;jsDVj vkWI
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jgh gSA vc eku yhft, jtuh dks 15&20 feuV bar”kkj djuk iM+rk gS bruh nsj dk n`'; flI
+
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fy[kh tk,xhµ
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dk le; Hkh fy[kk gSA ,d LVwy ij pijklh cSBk gSA lkeus dh csap ij jtuh vkSj rhu&pkj
yksx vkSj cSBs gSaµizrh{kkjrA jtuh osQ psgjs ls cspSuh Vid jgh gSA ckj&ckj viuh dykbZ esa c¡èkh
?kM+h ns[krh gS] feyus dk le; lekIr gksrk tk jgk gSA)
jtuh % (pijklh ls) fdruh nsj vkSj cSBuk gksxk\
pijklh % ge D;k cksysxk ---tc lkgc ?kaVh ekjsxk] ---cqyk,xk
rHkh rks ys tk,xkA cgqr fc”kh jgrk u lkgcA
jtuh % (vius esa gh HkquHkqukrs gq,) ;g rks yksxksa ls feyus
dk le; gS] u tkus fdlesa fcT
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kh cudj cSB
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f'k{kk vf/dkjh dk nÝ
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rj (ckgjh d{k)@fnu@vanj
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kQl osQ vanj pyk tkrk gSA lkgc es”k ij isijosV ?kqek
jgk gSA fiQj ?kM+h ns[krk gS] fiQj ?kqekus yxrk gSA)
dV Vw
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 5


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12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 134 134 134 134 134
vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
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dFkk&iVdFkk
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4 ukVd o fI
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kQYe dh iVdFkk esa varj
4 iVdFkk ys[ku dk izk:i
4 iVdFkk vkSj oaQI;wVj
iVdFkk oqQN vkSj ugha oSQejs ls fI
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osQ ijns ij fn[kk, tkus osQ fy, fy[kh
gqbZ dFkk gSA
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e'kgwj lkfgR;dkj vkSj dbZ dke;kc
Vsyhfo”ku èkkjkokfgdksa osQ ys[kd LoxhZ;
euksgj ';ke tks'kh us dbZ miU;klksa vkfn osQ
lkFk&lkFk ,d egÙoiw.kZ iqLrd fy[kh ftldk
'kh"kZd gSµiVdFkk ys[kuµ,d ifjp;A blh
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blh izdkj dk fopkj vkiosQ eu esa Hkh mB
jgk gksA rks] lcls igys 'kCn iVdFkk! ;s nks
'kCnksa osQ esy ls cuk gSµ^iV* vkSj ^dFkk*A
dFkk dk eryc vki lHkh tkurs gSaµdgkuhA
vkSj iV dk vFkZ gksrk gSµijnk! vFkkZr ,slh
dFkk tks ijns ij fn[kkbZ tk,A pkgs oks ijnk
cM+k gks ;k NksVkA ;kuh fd flusek vkSj
Vsyhfo”ku nksuksa gh ekè;eksa osQ fy, cuus
okyh fI
+
kQYeksa] èkkjkokfgdksa vkfn dk ewy
vkèkkj iVdFkk gh gksrh gSA blh osQ vuqlkj
funsZ'kd viuh 'kwfVax dh ;kstuk cukrk gS]
vfHkusrkvksa dks viuh Hkwfedk dh ckjhfd;k¡
vkSj laoknksa dh tkudkjh feyrh gS rFkk
Rationalised 2023-24
1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 135
dFkk&iVdFkk
oSQejs osQ ihNs dke djus okys rduhf'k;uksa vkSj lgk;dksa dks vius&vius foHkkxksa osQ fy,
egÙoiw.kZ lwpuk,¡ izkIr gksrh gSaA dFkkud rks bldk ,d vfHkUu fgLlk gksrk gh gSA
fdlh Hkh fI
+
kQYe ;wfuV ;k /kjkokfgd cukus okyh oaQiuh dks ^iVdFkk* rS;kj djus osQ
fy,] lcls igys tks ph”k pkfg, gksrh gS] oks gS ^dFkk*A dFkk gh ugha gksxh rks iVdFkk oSQls
cusxh\ vc loky ;g mBrk gS fd ;g dFkk ;k dgkuh gesa dgk¡ ls feysxh\ rks blosQ dbZ
lzksr gks ldrs gSaµgekjs Lo;a osQ lkFk ;k vklikl dh f”kanxh esa ?kVh dksbZ ?kVuk] v[kckj esa
Nik dksbZ lekpkj] gekjh dYiuk'kfDr ls mith dksbZ dgkuh] bfrgkl osQ iUuksa ls >k¡drk dksbZ
O;fDrRo ;k lPpk fdLlk vFkok lkfgR; dh fdlh vU; fo/k dh dksbZ jpukA e'kgwj
miU;klksa&dgkfu;ksa ij fI
+
kQYe ;k lhfj;y cukus dh ijaijk dkI
+
kQh iqjkuh gSA vHkh oqQN o"kZ iwoZ
gh 'kjr~panz pêðksikè;k; osQ izfl¼ miU;kl nsonkl dks ¯gnh esa rhljh ckj fI
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kQYek;k x;kA
blosQ vykok Hkh ¯gnh osQ dbZ tkus&ekus ys[kdksaµeqa'kh izsepan] iQ.kh'ojukFk js.kq] /eZohj
Hkkjrh] eUuw HkaMkjh vkfn dh reke jpukvksa dks le;&le; ij jQigys ijns ij mrkjk x;k
gSA nwjn'kZu rks vdlj gh lkfgfR;d&jpukvksa dks vk/kj cuk dj /kjkokfgd] VsyhfI
+
kQYeksa
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bl rjhosQ ls vkiosQ fo"k; dh leL;k rks gy gqbZ] vc elyk mBrk gS iVdFkk fy[kus
dkA blesa ge lcls igys ns[ksaxs fd iVdFkk dh lajpuk ;k <k¡pk fdl rjg rS;kj gksrk gS\
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kQYe ;k Vh-oh- dh iVdFkk dh lajpuk ukVd dh lajpuk ls cgqr feyrh gSA vaxzs”kh esa rks
bls dgrs gh ^LozQhuIys* gSaA ukVd dh rjg gh ;gk¡ Hkh ik=k&pfj=k gksrs gSa] uk;d&izfruk;d
gksrs gSa] vyx&vyx ?kVukLFky gksrs gSa] n`'; gksrs gSa] dgkuh dk ozQfed fodkl gksrk gS]
}a}&VdjkgV vkSj fiQj lek/kuA ;s lc oqQN iVdFkk osQ Hkh vko';d vax gksrs gSaA eap osQ
ukVd vkSj fI
+
kQYe dh iVdFkk esa oqQN ewyHkwr varj Hkh gksrs gSaA igyh ph”k gS n`'; dh yackbZ]
ukVd osQ n`'; vdlj vf/d yacs gksrs gSa vkSj fI
+
kQYeksa esa NksVs&NksVsA blh izdkj ukVd esa
vkerkSj ij lhfer ?kVukLFky gksrs gSa] tcfd fI
+
kQYe esa bldh dksbZ lhek ugha] gj n`'; fdlh
u, LFkku ij ?kfVr gks ldrk gSA bldh otg gS nksuksa ekè;eksa esa ewyHkwr varjµukVd ,d
ltho dyk ekè;e gS] tgk¡ vfHkusrk vius gh tSls thoar n'kZdksa osQ lkeus] viuh dyk dk
izn'kZu djrs gSaA lc oqQN ogha] mlh oDr ?kV jgk gksrk gSA tcfd flusek ;k Vsyhfo”ku esa
iwoZ fjdkWMsZM Nfo;k¡ ,oa èofu;k¡ gksrh gSaA ukVd dk iwjk dk;Z&O;kikj ,d gh eap ij ?kfVr
gksrk gS ,d fuf'pr vof/ osQ nkSjkuA tcfd fI
+
kQYe ;k Vsyhfo”ku dh 'kwfVax vyx&vyx lsVksa
;k yksosQ'kuksa ij nks fnu ls ysdj nks lky rd dh vof/ esa dh tk ldrh gS blhfy, ukVd
dk dk;Z&O;kikj] n`';ksa dh lajpuk vkSj pfj=kksa dh la[;k vkfn dks lhfer j[kuk iM+rk gS]
ysfdu flusek ;k Vsyhfo”ku esa ,slk dksbZ ca/u ugha gksrkA lcls cM+h ckr ukVd dh dFkk dk
fodkl ^yhfu;j* eryc ,d&js[kh; gksrk gS] tks ,d gh fn'kk esa vkxs c<+rk gSA tcfd flusek
esa Ý
+
yS'kcSd ;k Ý
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yS'k I
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kQkWjoMZ rduhdksa dk bLrseky djosQ vki ?kVukozQe dks fdlh Hkh :i
Rationalised 2023-24
123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 136
vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
esa izLrqr dj ldrs gSaA Ý
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yS'kcSd oks rduhd gksrh gS] ftlesa vki vrhr esa ?kVh fdlh ?kVuk
dks fn[kkrs gSa vkSj Ý
+
yS'k I
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kQkWjoMZ esa vki Hkfo"; esa gksus okys fdlh gknls dks igys fn[kk nsrs
gSaA bu nksuksa rduhdksa dks ge ,d&,d mnkgj.k ls le>us dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA eku yhft,
ge jkaxs;&jk?ko dh dgkuh xw¡xs ij fI
+
kQYe cuk jgs gSa] vkSj gekjh fI
+
kQYe 'kq: gksrh gS lM+d
osQ n`'; ls (tgk¡ oqQN fd'kksj yM+osQ feydj ,d nqcys&irys yM+osQ dks ihV jgs gSaA ekj [kk
jgk yM+dk Hkkx dj ,d ?kj osQ njok”ks ij igq¡prk gSA ?kj osQ Hkhrj ls Hkkx dj pesyh vkrh
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lj j[ks] [kwu ls yFkiFk xw¡xs dks ns[krh gS] tks viuh O;Fkk dks O;Dr djus esa vleFkZ gSA vkSj
pesyh dks oks fnu ;kn vkrk gS] ftl fnu vukFkky; esa igyh ckj mldh eqykdkr xw¡xs ls
gqbZ FkhA vc ge ikxy[kkus dk oks n`'; fn[kkrs gSa] tgk¡ oqQN fnu igys pesyh viuh lgsfy;ksa
osQ lkFk xbZ Fkh vkSj tgk¡ igyh ckj mldh xw¡xs ls eqykdkr gqbZ FkhA) ;gh] orZeku ls vrhr
esa tkuk] Ý
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yS'kcSd dh rduhd dgykrk gSA Ý
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kQkWjoMZ le>us osQ fy, ge eksgu jkosQ'k
osQ ukVd vaMs osQ fNyosQ dk oks n`'; ysrs gSa tgk¡ ';ke osQ ck”kkj tkus osQ ckn ohuk ?kj
Bhd&Bkd dj jgh gS vkSj mls oks eks”kk feyrk gS ftlesa vaMs osQ fNyosQ Hkjs gq, gSaA oSls ewy
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vpkud ohuk osQ eu esa ;g fopkj dkSa/rk gS fd ;s eks”ks mldh lkl tequk nsoh osQ gkFkksa
yx x, gSa (oks iwjs ifjokj rFkk iM+ksfl;ksa osQ lkeus eks”kksa esa ls vaMs osQ fNyosQ ”kehu ij fxjk
dj mls cqjk&Hkyk dg jgh gSaA ge okil orZeku esa vkrs gSa vkSj ohuk viuk laokn iwjk djrh
gSµ¶fdruh ckj dgk fNyosQ eks”ks esa er j[kk djks] dgha fdlh osQ gkFk yx x,] rks ysus osQ
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+
yS'kcSd vkSj Ý
+
yS'k I
+
kQkWjoMZ nksuksa gh ;qfDr;ksa
dk bLrseky djus osQ i'pkr gesa okil orZeku esa vkuk ”k:jh gSA rkfd n'kZdksa osQ eu esa fdlh
fdLe dk vleatl u jgsA fI
+
kQYe ;k Vsyhfo”ku ekè;e esa ,d lqfo/k ;g Hkh gS fd ,d gh
le;&[akM esa vyx&vyx LFkkuksa ij D;k ?kfVr gks jgk gS] fn[kk;k tk ldrk gSA elyu] ge
fn[kkrs gSa gekjk de i<+k&fy[kk uk;d] xk¡o esa unh esa Mwcrs ,d cPps dh tku cpkrk gS] Bhd
mlh le; g”kkjksa ehy nwj fdlh egkuxj esa jgus okyk gekjk uk;d viuh
cs'kdherh fons'kh dkj ls ,d cw<+s isQjhokys dks VDdj ekj nssrk gSA dkykarj esa
nksuksa uk;dksa dh eqykdkr ns'k dh jkt/kuh esa gksrh gS] uk;d u- 1 vc cgqr
cM+k e”knwj usrk cu x;k gS vkSj uk;d u- 2 ,d dke;kc m|ksxifrA eryc
;s fd bu nksuksa O;fDr;ksa dk ;gk¡ rd dk lI
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kQj ge ,d lkFk fn[kk ldrs gSa
;k vxj ge vaMs osQ fNyosQ dk gh mnkgj.k ysa] (rks ftl le; ohuk vaMk
izQkbaxiSu eas Mky dj gyqvk cukuk 'kq: djrh gS] mlh le; ge fn[kk ldrs
gSa] ?kj osQ ckgj tequk nsoh fjD'ks ls mrj dj mls iSls ns jgh gSaA ge fiQj
fn[kkrs gSa] ohuk dk gyqvk yxHkx cu x;k gSA m/j tequk nsoh ?kj osQ vanj
Rationalised 2023-24
1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 137
dFkk&iVdFkk
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esa ukVdh; ruko c<+kus esa dkI
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iVdFkk dh ewy bdkbZ gksrh gS n`';A ,d LFkku ij] ,d gh le; esa yxkrkj py jgs dk;Z
O;kikj osQ vk/kj ij ,d n`'; fufeZr gksrk gSA bu rhuksa esa ls fdlh Hkh ,d osQ cnyus ls n`';
Hkh cny tkrk gSA ge vkiosQ ikB~;ozQe esa ls jtuh dk gh mnkgj.k ysrs gSa n`';&,d yhyk csu
uked efgyk osQ Ý
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ySV esa 'kq: gksrk gS] le; 'kk;n nksigj dk] D;ksafd mudk csVk vfer LowQy
ls okil vkus okyk gSA n`';µnks vxys fnu] vfer osQ LowQy osQ gSMekLVj osQ dejs esa vkSj oDr
fiQj fnu dk gh gSA n`';µrhu mlh fnu] jtuh dk Ý
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ySV vkSj oDr gS 'kke dkA ;s lkjs
vyx&vyx yksosQ'kal ij vyx&vyx n`'; gSaA
eku yhft,A igys n`'; esa ge ;g fn[kkrs fd jtuh vkSj yhyk csu ckrsa djrs&djrs jlksbZ?kj
esa pys tkrs rks ckotwn blosQ fd le;] dk;Z&O;kikj] pfj=k lc ,d gh gSa fiQj Hkh n`'; la[;k
cny tkrh gS D;ksa\ D;ksafd ?kVukLFky cny x;k gSA pfy, vc ge ml n`'; dks ns[krs gSa tgk¡
jtuh vxj Mk;jsDVj vkWI
+
kQ ,tqosQ'ku osQ dejs osQ ckgj cSBh viuh ckjh vkus dh izrh{kk dj
jgh gSA vc eku yhft, jtuh dks 15&20 feuV bar”kkj djuk iM+rk gS bruh nsj dk n`'; flI
+
kZQ
jtuh osQ cSBs jgus dk fn[kk,¡xs rks n'kZd cksj gks tk,¡xsA vr% bl n`'; dh iVdFkk oqQN bl izdkj
fy[kh tk,xhµ
n`';&pkj
f'k{kk vf/dkjh dk nÝ
+
rj (ckgjh d{k)@fnu@vanj
(f'k{kk vf/dkjh osQ dejs osQ ckgj mlosQ uke vkSj in dh r[rh yxh gS] mlh osQ lkFk eqykdkr
dk le; Hkh fy[kk gSA ,d LVwy ij pijklh cSBk gSA lkeus dh csap ij jtuh vkSj rhu&pkj
yksx vkSj cSBs gSaµizrh{kkjrA jtuh osQ psgjs ls cspSuh Vid jgh gSA ckj&ckj viuh dykbZ esa c¡èkh
?kM+h ns[krh gS] feyus dk le; lekIr gksrk tk jgk gSA)
jtuh % (pijklh ls) fdruh nsj vkSj cSBuk gksxk\
pijklh % ge D;k cksysxk ---tc lkgc ?kaVh ekjsxk] ---cqyk,xk
rHkh rks ys tk,xkA cgqr fc”kh jgrk u lkgcA
jtuh % (vius esa gh HkquHkqukrs gq,) ;g rks yksxksa ls feyus
dk le; gS] u tkus fdlesa fcT
+
kh cudj cSB
tkrs gSaA
(pijklh nwljh rjI
+
kQ ns[kus yxrk gSA)
dV Vw
n`';&ik¡p
f'k{kk vf/dkjh dk nÝ
+
rj (ckgjh d{k)@fnu@vanj
(oSQejk vkWfI
+
kQl osQ vanj pyk tkrk gSA lkgc es”k ij isijosV ?kqek
jgk gSA fiQj ?kM+h ns[krk gS] fiQj ?kqekus yxrk gSA)
dV Vw
Rationalised 2023-24
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vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
n`';&Ng
f'k{kk vf/dkjh dk nÝ
+
rj (ckgjh d{k)@fnu@vanj
(ogh ckgj okyh txg] ,d vkneh vkrk gSA vius uke dh fLyi osQ uhps ik¡p jQi;s dk
,d uksV j[kdj nsrk gS vkSj pijklh dk oaQ/k FkiFkikrk gSA pijklh g¡ldj Hkhrj tkrk
gSA ykSVdj ml vkneh dks vanj tkus dk b'kkjk djrk gSA jtuh osQ psgjs ij rukoA)
(fM”kkWYo Vw)
n`';&Ng d
ogh txg@oqQN nsj ckn
(jtuh vHkh Hkh pijklh dks ?kwj dj ns[k jgh gS] tks e”ks ls vius LVwy ij cSBk gSA fiNys
n`'; esa tks O;fDr ?kwl nsdj Hkhrj x;k FkkA og vf/dkjh osQ dejs ls ckgj fudyrk gS]
eqldjkrk gqvk tkrk gSA jtuh mBdj nunukrh Hkhrj tkus yxrh gSA)
pijklh! vjs&vjs--- vjs! fd/j owQ tkrk\ vHkh ?kaVh cth D;k\
jtuh% ?kaVh rks feyus dk le; [kRe gksus rd ctsxh Hkh ughaA (njok”kk /osQy dj Hkhrj
pyh tkrh gSA)
pijklh% vjs! oSQlh vkSjr gS--- lqurhp ubZ!
(ogk¡ cSBs nks&rhu yksx g¡lus yxrs gSaA)
dV Vw
n`';&lkr
f'k{kk vf/dkjh dk nÝ
+
rj (ckgjh d{k)@fnu@vanj
(n`';&ik¡p okyk dejk] funs'kd oqQlhZ dh ihB ls fVddj flxjsV ih jgs gSaA jtuh dks
ns[kdj vk'p;Z ls!)
blh rjg dFkkud dks n`';ksa esa cnyus dk ozQe vkxs c<+rk tk,xkA ;gk¡ ij xkSj djus
yk;d nks rjg dh ckrsa gSaA igyh rks ;s fd geus fdu vk/kjksa ij n`'; dk c¡Vokjk fd;kA
n`'; la[;k&pkj] ik¡p] Ng osQ dk;Z O;kikj esa fujarjrk gS] ysfdu ?kVukLFky esa nks vyx&vyx
n`';A blh izdkj n`';&Ng vkSj Ng d dk ?kVukLFky ,d gh gS] ysfdu nksuksa n`';ksa osQ chp
yxHkx ik¡p&nl feuV dk I
+
kQklyk gS] blhfy, nks fHkUu n`'; la[;kA
nwljh xkSj djus yk;d ckr gS] iVdFkk fy[kus dk fof'k"V <axA ges'kk n`'; la[;k osQ lkFk
n`'; dh yksosQ'ku ;k ?kVukLFky fy[kk tkrk gSµoks dejk gS] ikoZQ gS] jsyosLVs'ku gS ;k 'ksj
dh ek¡nA mlosQ ckn fy[kk tkrk gS ?kVuk dk le;µfnu@jkr@lqcg@'kkeA rhljh tkudkjh tks
n`'; osQ 'kq: esa nh tkuh ”k:jh gksrh gS oks ;s fd ?kVuk [kqys esa ?kV jgh gS ;k fdlh can txg
esa] vanj ;k ckgj\ vkerkSj ij ;s lwpuk,¡ vaxzs”kh esa fy[kh tkrh gSa vkSj vanj ;k ckgj osQ
fy, vaxzs”kh 'kCnksa baVhfj;j ;k ,DlVhfj;j osQ rhu 'kqjQvkrh v{kjksa dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk
gS] eryc INT. ;k EXT.
Rationalised 2023-24