NCERT Textbook: कैसे बनता है रेडियो नाटक | Hindi Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

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Rationalised 2023-24
Page 3


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Rationalised 2023-24
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Page 4


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Rationalised 2023-24
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Rationalised 2023-24
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150
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Rationalised 2023-24
Page 5


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4 jsfM;ks dh izLrqfr laoknksa vkSj èofu izHkkoksa osQ ekè;e ls
gksrh gSA
4 fI
+
kQYe dh rjg jsfM;ks esa ,D'ku dh xqatkb'k ugha gksrhA
4 pw¡fd jsfM;ks ukVd dh vofèk lhfer gksrh gS blfy, ik=kksa
dh la[;k Hkh lhfer gksrh gS D;ksafd flI
+
kZQ vkok”k osQ lgkjs
ik=kksa dks ;kn j[k ikuk eqf'dy gksrk gSA
4 ik=k lacaèkh fofoèk tkudkjh laokn ,oa èofu laosQrksa ls
mtkxj gksrh gSA
Rationalised 2023-24
12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 149
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nwljh ckr] vkerkSj ij jsfM;ks ukVd dh vofèk 15 feuV ls 30 feuV gksrh gSA mlosQ
nks dkj.k gSa] JO; ekè;e esa ukVd ;k okrkZ tSls dk;ZØeksa osQ fy, euq"; dh ,dkxzrk dh
vofèk 15&30 feuV gh gksrh gS] blls ”;knk ughaA nwljs] flusek ;k ukVd esa n'kZd vius ?kjkas
ls ckgj fudy dj fdlh vU; lkoZtfud LFkku ij ,df=kr gksrs gSa bldk eryc oks bu
vk;kstuksa osQ fy, ,d iz;kl djrs gSa vkSj vutkus yksxksa osQ ,d lewg dk fgLlk cudj
izs{kkx`g esa cSBrs gSaA vaxzs”kh esa bUgsa oSQifVo vkWfM,al dgrs gSa] vFkkZr ,d LFkku ij oSQn fd,
x, n'kZdA tcfd Vh-oh- ;k jsfM;ks ,sls ekè;e gSa fd vkerkSj ij balku vius ?kj esa viuh
ejT+kh ls bu ;a=kksa ij vk jgs dk;ZØeksa dks ns[krk&lqurk gSA flusek?kj ;k ukV~;x`g esa cSBk n'kZd
FkksM+k cksj gks tk,xk] ysfdu vklkuh ls mB dj tk,xk ughaA iwjs euks;ksx ls tks dk;ZØe ns[kus
vk;k gS] ns[ksxkA tcfd ?kj ij cSB dj jsfM;ks lquusokyk Jksrk eu mpVrs gh fdlh vkSj LVs'ku
osQ fy, lqbZ ?kqek ldrk gS ;k mldk è;ku dgha vkSj Hkh HkVd ldrk gSA blfy, veweu
jsfM;ks ukVd dh vofèk NksVh gksrh gS vkSj vxj vkidh dgkuh yach gS rks fiQj og ,d
èkkjkokfgd osQ :i esa is'k dh tk ldrh gS] ftldh gj dM+h 15 ;k 30 feuV dh gksxhA ;gk¡
,d ckr vkSj le> yhft,A jsfM;ks ij fuf'pr le; ij fuf'pr dk;ZØe vkrs gSa] blfy,
mudh vofèk Hkh fuf'pr gksrh gS 15 feuV] 30 feuV] 45 feuV] 60 feuV oxSjgA
vc D;ksafd vkiosQ jsfM;ks ukVd dh vofèk gh lhfer gSµrks fiQj vius&vki gh ik=kksa dh
la[;k Hkh lhfer gks tk,xhA D;ksafd Jksrk flI
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kZQ vkok”k osQ lgkjs pfj=kksa dks ;kn j[k ikrk gS]
,slh fLFkfr esa jsfM;ks ukVd esa ;fn cgqr ”;knk fdjnkj gSa rks muosQ lkFk ,d fj'rk cuk, j[kus
esa Jksrk dks fnDdr gksxhA vxj la[;kvksa esa ckr djuh gS rks ge bl izdkj dg ldrs gSa] 15
feuV dh vofèk okys jsfM;ks ukVd esa ik=kksa dh vfèkdre la[;k 5&6 gks ldrh gSA 30&40
feuV dh vofèk osQ ukVd esa 8 ls 12 ik=kA vxj ,d ?kaVs ;k mlls ”;knk vofèk dk jsfM;ks
ukVd fy[kuk gh iM+ tk,] rks mlesa 15 ls 20
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ekeys esa nks laosQr vkSj mijksDr crkbZ xb±
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fdjnkj Hkh gks ldrs gSaA ysfdu ;g la[;k
cgqr ”;knk c<+kbZ] rks tSlk igys gh dgk Fkk
Jksrk osQ fy, eqlhcr mB [kM+h gks ldrh gSA
nwljs] ge tc bu la[;kvkas dh ckr dj jgs gSa]
rks ;s izeq[k vkSj lgk;d Hkwfedkvksa dh la[;k
gSA NksVs&eksVs fdjnkjksa dh fxurh blesa ugha dh
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iksLVeSu dk ,d laokn ;k U;k;ky; esa tt dk
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Rationalised 2023-24
1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 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150
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dk [k;ky j[kuk gSµdgkuh flI
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kZQ ?kVuk izèkku u gks] mldh vofèk cgqr ”;knk u gks
(èkkjkokfgd dh ckr nhxj gS) rFkk ik=kksa dh la[;k lhfer gksA
vc vkrh gS ckjh jsfM;ks ukVd fy[kus dhA tSlk fd igys Hkh f”kØ gqvk Fkk] eap dk
ukV~;kys[k] fI
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gksxkA ;gk¡ ,d ckr vkSj le> yhft,] èofu izHkko esa laxhr Hkh 'kkfey gSA viuh ckr dks
vkSj csgrj <ax ls le>us osQ fy, ,d mnkgj.k dh enn ysrs gSaA eku yhft, n`'; oqQN bl
izdkj dk gS] jkr dk le; gS vkSj taxy esa rhu cPps] jke] ';ke vkSj eksgu jkLrk HkVd x,
gSaA fI
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Hkko&Hkafxekvksa ls fn[kk;k tk ldrk FkkA jsfM;ks osQ fy, bldk ys[ku oqQN bl izdkj gksxkA
dV&1 ;k igyk fgLlk
(taxyh tkuojksa dh vkok”kas] Mjkouk laxhr] inpki dk Loj)
jke % ';ke] eq>s cM+k Mj yx jgk gS] fdruk Hk;kud taxy gSA
';ke % Mj rks eq>s Hkh yx jgk gS jke! bÙkh jkr gks xbZ ?kj esa vEek&ckcw lc ijs'kku
gksaxs!
jke % ;s lc bl ukyk;d eksgu dh otg ls gqvkA (eksgu dh udy djrs gq,)
taxy ls pyrs gSa] eq>s ,d NksVk jkLrk ekywe gS---
';ke % (pkSaddj) vjs! eksgu dgk¡ jg x;k\ vHkh rks ;gha Fkk! (vkok”k yxkdj)
eksgu! eksgu!
jke % (yxHkx jksrs gq,) ge dHkh ?kj ugha igq¡p ik,¡xs---
';ke % pqi djks! (vkok”k yxkrs gq,) eksgu! vjs eksgu gks!
Rationalised 2023-24
12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 151
oSQls curk gS jsfM;ks ukVd
eksgu % (nwj ls u”knhd vkrh vkok”k) vk jgk gw¡! ogha #duk! iSj esa dk¡Vk pqHk x;k FkkA
(u”knhd gh dksbZ i{kh ia[k iQM+iQM+krk Hk;kud Loj djrk mM+ tkrk gSA)
(jke ph[k iM+rk gSA)
jke % ';ke] cpkvks!
eksgu % (tks u”knhd vk pqdk gSA) Mjiksd dgha dkA
jke % (Mjs Loj esa) oks--- oks--- D;k Fkk\
eksgu % dksbZ fpfM+;k FkhA ge yksxksa dh vkok”kksa ls oks [kqn Mj xbZ FkhA ,d uacj osQ
Mjiksd gks rqe nksuksaA
';ke % eksgu jkLrk HkVdk fn;k] vc cgknqjh fn[kk jgk gS---
;s n`'; blh rjg pysxkA vkius xkSj fd;k gksxk] 'kq: esa geus vad ;k n`'; dh txg
dV@fgLlk fy[kk gSA njvly jsfM;ks ukVd esa n`'; ugha gksrk] blhfy, mldh ctk; vaxzs”kh
'kCn ^dV* fy[kus dh ifjikVh gSA oSls ;s bruk egÙoiw.kZ ugha gS] vki vyx&vyx n`';ksa ;k
fgLlksa dks vius rjhosQ ls n'kkZ ldrs gSaA egÙoiw.kZ gSaµlaokn vkSj èofu izHkkoA geus 'kq: esa
gh èofu izHkkoksa ls taxy ;k fdlh [kqyh txg dk laosQr ns fn;k gS] fiQj jke Hkh vius laokn
esa dgrk gSµfdruk Hk;kud taxy gSA vFkkZr ;s yksx bl le; taxy esa gSa ;s ckr Jksrk dks
ekywe gks xbZ gS] vc ';ke vius vxys laokn esaµbÙkh jkr gks xbZ vFkkZr LFkkuµtaxy]
le;µjkrA vxj gesa le; vkSj ”;knk Li"V djuk gS] rks ';ke dk laokn oqQN bl izdkj gks
ldrk Fkkµjkr osQ ckjg ct x, gaS] ?kj esa vEek&ckcw lc ijs'kku gksaxsA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vki
laoknksa osQ }kjk n`'; dk ns'kdky LFkkfir dj ldrs gaS] cl 'krZ ;g gS fd oks LokHkkfod gksuk
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gSa vkSj eq>s Mj yx jgk gSA lkI
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vkSj eksguA rhuksa dgha ls okil ?kj vk jgs FksA eksgu us lq>ko fn;k fd mls taxy ls gksdj
tkusokyk dksbZ NksVk jkLrk irk gSA rhuksa us tYnh ?kj igq¡pus dh yyd esa oks jkg idM+ yh vkSj
vc HkVd x, gSaaA gesa ;g Hkh irk pyrk gS fd lcls ”;knk Mjk gqvk jke gS] Mj ';ke dks Hkh
yx jgk gS] ysfdu oks ml ij dkcw djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gSA rhuksa esa lcls csfI
+
kQØ eksgu gSA
jsfM;ks ukVd esa ik=kksa lacèkh reke tkudkjh gesa laoknksa osQ ekè;e ls gh feyrh gaSA muosQ
uke] vkilh lacaèk] pkfjf=kd fo'ks"krk,¡] ;s lHkh gesa laoknksa }kjk gh mtkxj djuk gksrk gSA Hkk"kk
ij Hkh vkidks fo'ks"k è;ku j[kuk gksxkA oks i<+k&fy[kk gS fd vui<+] 'kgj dk gS fd xk¡o dk]
D;k oks fdlh fo'ks"k izkar dk gS] mldh mez D;k gS] oks D;k jks”kxkj&èkaèkk djrk gSA bl rjg
dh reke tkudkfj;k¡ ml pfj=k dh Hkk"kk dks fuèkkZfjr djsaxhA fiQj ik=kksa dk vkilh lacaèk Hkh
laokn dh cukoV ij vlj Mkyrk gSA ,d gh O;fDr viuh iRuh ls vyx <ax ls ckr djsxk]
vius ukSdj ls vyx <ax ls] vkius ckWl osQ izfr lEekuiwoZd joS;k viuk,xk] rks vius fe=k
Rationalised 2023-24