Page 1
CHAPTER – 9
TYPES OF BUILDINGS
9.1 Classification:
According National Building code of India, 1970 the
buildings on the basis of occupancy are classified into following
groups
GROUP A: Residential buildings:
All those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for
residing permanently or temporary with or without looking or
dinning or both facilities are termed as residential building
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses,
Hotels, Hostels, Cottages, Hole day camps, clubs, hotels, Inns etc
These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups
A1 - Lodging Houses
A2 - Family Private Dwellings
A3 - Dormitories
A4 - Flats
A5 - Hotels
GROUP B: Educational buildings:
All those buildings which are meant for education from nursery to
university are included in this group
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc
GROUP C: Institutional Buildings:
This group includes any building or part thereof, which is used for
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness,
Page 2
CHAPTER – 9
TYPES OF BUILDINGS
9.1 Classification:
According National Building code of India, 1970 the
buildings on the basis of occupancy are classified into following
groups
GROUP A: Residential buildings:
All those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for
residing permanently or temporary with or without looking or
dinning or both facilities are termed as residential building
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses,
Hotels, Hostels, Cottages, Hole day camps, clubs, hotels, Inns etc
These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups
A1 - Lodging Houses
A2 - Family Private Dwellings
A3 - Dormitories
A4 - Flats
A5 - Hotels
GROUP B: Educational buildings:
All those buildings which are meant for education from nursery to
university are included in this group
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc
GROUP C: Institutional Buildings:
This group includes any building or part thereof, which is used for
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness,
Types of Buildings
physical or mental diseases, care of infants or aged persons, panel
detention etc. These buildings normally provide sleeping
accommodation for the occupants.
GROUP D: Assembly Buildings:
This group includes any building or part or a building where groups
of people assemble or gather for amusement; recreation, social,
religious, patriotic or similar purpose for example theatres, cinema
halls, museums, gymnasiums, restaurants, places of worship, dance
halls, club rooms, passenger stations, public transportation services,
open air theatres, swimming pools etc.
GROUP E- Business Buildings:
This group includes any building or part or a building which is used
for purposes such as transaction of business, keeping of accounts and
records etc; dispensaries and clinics, banks, city halls, court halls,
libraries etc.
GROUP F – Mercantile Buildings:
This group includes any building or part of a building which is used
for shops, stores, market, for safe and display of products or waves
either whole sale or retail.
GROUP G – Industrial Buildings:
This group includes any building or part of a building or structure in
which product of different kinds and properties are fabricated,
assembled or processed. For example, laboratories, assembly plants,
laundries, gas plants, power plants, refineries, diaries etc.
GROUP H – Storage Building:
This group includes those building structures which are primarily
used for the storage structures which are primarily used for the
Page 3
CHAPTER – 9
TYPES OF BUILDINGS
9.1 Classification:
According National Building code of India, 1970 the
buildings on the basis of occupancy are classified into following
groups
GROUP A: Residential buildings:
All those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for
residing permanently or temporary with or without looking or
dinning or both facilities are termed as residential building
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses,
Hotels, Hostels, Cottages, Hole day camps, clubs, hotels, Inns etc
These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups
A1 - Lodging Houses
A2 - Family Private Dwellings
A3 - Dormitories
A4 - Flats
A5 - Hotels
GROUP B: Educational buildings:
All those buildings which are meant for education from nursery to
university are included in this group
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc
GROUP C: Institutional Buildings:
This group includes any building or part thereof, which is used for
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness,
Types of Buildings
physical or mental diseases, care of infants or aged persons, panel
detention etc. These buildings normally provide sleeping
accommodation for the occupants.
GROUP D: Assembly Buildings:
This group includes any building or part or a building where groups
of people assemble or gather for amusement; recreation, social,
religious, patriotic or similar purpose for example theatres, cinema
halls, museums, gymnasiums, restaurants, places of worship, dance
halls, club rooms, passenger stations, public transportation services,
open air theatres, swimming pools etc.
GROUP E- Business Buildings:
This group includes any building or part or a building which is used
for purposes such as transaction of business, keeping of accounts and
records etc; dispensaries and clinics, banks, city halls, court halls,
libraries etc.
GROUP F – Mercantile Buildings:
This group includes any building or part of a building which is used
for shops, stores, market, for safe and display of products or waves
either whole sale or retail.
GROUP G – Industrial Buildings:
This group includes any building or part of a building or structure in
which product of different kinds and properties are fabricated,
assembled or processed. For example, laboratories, assembly plants,
laundries, gas plants, power plants, refineries, diaries etc.
GROUP H – Storage Building:
This group includes those building structures which are primarily
used for the storage structures which are primarily used for the
storage or sheltering of goods, waves or merchandise vehicles or
animals, for example warehouses, cold storages, freight depots, store
houses, transit sheds, truck terminals, garages etc.
GROUP J – Hazardous Building:
This group includes those building structures which are used for the
storage, handling, manufacture or processing of materials which are
liable to burn with extreme rapidity and prove hazards to health;
building or building contents. Hazards may be due to fire; poisonous
fumes or gases, explosions, ignitions etc from materials subjected to
various operations. Buildings used for storage of gases under high
pressure or for storage and handling of highly flammable liquids or
explosives, fireworks etc are included in this group.
9.2 Component parts of building
The building basically consists of three parts namely,
1) Foundation
2) Plinth and
3) Super structure as shown in the fig 9.1
Page 4
CHAPTER – 9
TYPES OF BUILDINGS
9.1 Classification:
According National Building code of India, 1970 the
buildings on the basis of occupancy are classified into following
groups
GROUP A: Residential buildings:
All those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for
residing permanently or temporary with or without looking or
dinning or both facilities are termed as residential building
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses,
Hotels, Hostels, Cottages, Hole day camps, clubs, hotels, Inns etc
These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups
A1 - Lodging Houses
A2 - Family Private Dwellings
A3 - Dormitories
A4 - Flats
A5 - Hotels
GROUP B: Educational buildings:
All those buildings which are meant for education from nursery to
university are included in this group
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc
GROUP C: Institutional Buildings:
This group includes any building or part thereof, which is used for
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness,
Types of Buildings
physical or mental diseases, care of infants or aged persons, panel
detention etc. These buildings normally provide sleeping
accommodation for the occupants.
GROUP D: Assembly Buildings:
This group includes any building or part or a building where groups
of people assemble or gather for amusement; recreation, social,
religious, patriotic or similar purpose for example theatres, cinema
halls, museums, gymnasiums, restaurants, places of worship, dance
halls, club rooms, passenger stations, public transportation services,
open air theatres, swimming pools etc.
GROUP E- Business Buildings:
This group includes any building or part or a building which is used
for purposes such as transaction of business, keeping of accounts and
records etc; dispensaries and clinics, banks, city halls, court halls,
libraries etc.
GROUP F – Mercantile Buildings:
This group includes any building or part of a building which is used
for shops, stores, market, for safe and display of products or waves
either whole sale or retail.
GROUP G – Industrial Buildings:
This group includes any building or part of a building or structure in
which product of different kinds and properties are fabricated,
assembled or processed. For example, laboratories, assembly plants,
laundries, gas plants, power plants, refineries, diaries etc.
GROUP H – Storage Building:
This group includes those building structures which are primarily
used for the storage structures which are primarily used for the
storage or sheltering of goods, waves or merchandise vehicles or
animals, for example warehouses, cold storages, freight depots, store
houses, transit sheds, truck terminals, garages etc.
GROUP J – Hazardous Building:
This group includes those building structures which are used for the
storage, handling, manufacture or processing of materials which are
liable to burn with extreme rapidity and prove hazards to health;
building or building contents. Hazards may be due to fire; poisonous
fumes or gases, explosions, ignitions etc from materials subjected to
various operations. Buildings used for storage of gases under high
pressure or for storage and handling of highly flammable liquids or
explosives, fireworks etc are included in this group.
9.2 Component parts of building
The building basically consists of three parts namely,
1) Foundation
2) Plinth and
3) Super structure as shown in the fig 9.1
Types of Buildings
Fig 9.1 Component parts of building
i) Foundation: It is the lowest artificially prepared part
below the surface of the surrounding ground which is
indirect contact with sub-strata and transmits all the loads
to the ground (or sub-soil)
ii) Plinth: It is the middle part of the structure, above the
surface of the surrounding ground up to the surface of the
floor immediately above the ground. Its function in the
building is same as of sub-structure in the case of the
bridge.
iii) Super structure: It is that part of the structure which is
constructed above the plinth level (i.e., ) ground level
Page 5
CHAPTER – 9
TYPES OF BUILDINGS
9.1 Classification:
According National Building code of India, 1970 the
buildings on the basis of occupancy are classified into following
groups
GROUP A: Residential buildings:
All those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for
residing permanently or temporary with or without looking or
dinning or both facilities are termed as residential building
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses,
Hotels, Hostels, Cottages, Hole day camps, clubs, hotels, Inns etc
These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups
A1 - Lodging Houses
A2 - Family Private Dwellings
A3 - Dormitories
A4 - Flats
A5 - Hotels
GROUP B: Educational buildings:
All those buildings which are meant for education from nursery to
university are included in this group
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc
GROUP C: Institutional Buildings:
This group includes any building or part thereof, which is used for
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness,
Types of Buildings
physical or mental diseases, care of infants or aged persons, panel
detention etc. These buildings normally provide sleeping
accommodation for the occupants.
GROUP D: Assembly Buildings:
This group includes any building or part or a building where groups
of people assemble or gather for amusement; recreation, social,
religious, patriotic or similar purpose for example theatres, cinema
halls, museums, gymnasiums, restaurants, places of worship, dance
halls, club rooms, passenger stations, public transportation services,
open air theatres, swimming pools etc.
GROUP E- Business Buildings:
This group includes any building or part or a building which is used
for purposes such as transaction of business, keeping of accounts and
records etc; dispensaries and clinics, banks, city halls, court halls,
libraries etc.
GROUP F – Mercantile Buildings:
This group includes any building or part of a building which is used
for shops, stores, market, for safe and display of products or waves
either whole sale or retail.
GROUP G – Industrial Buildings:
This group includes any building or part of a building or structure in
which product of different kinds and properties are fabricated,
assembled or processed. For example, laboratories, assembly plants,
laundries, gas plants, power plants, refineries, diaries etc.
GROUP H – Storage Building:
This group includes those building structures which are primarily
used for the storage structures which are primarily used for the
storage or sheltering of goods, waves or merchandise vehicles or
animals, for example warehouses, cold storages, freight depots, store
houses, transit sheds, truck terminals, garages etc.
GROUP J – Hazardous Building:
This group includes those building structures which are used for the
storage, handling, manufacture or processing of materials which are
liable to burn with extreme rapidity and prove hazards to health;
building or building contents. Hazards may be due to fire; poisonous
fumes or gases, explosions, ignitions etc from materials subjected to
various operations. Buildings used for storage of gases under high
pressure or for storage and handling of highly flammable liquids or
explosives, fireworks etc are included in this group.
9.2 Component parts of building
The building basically consists of three parts namely,
1) Foundation
2) Plinth and
3) Super structure as shown in the fig 9.1
Types of Buildings
Fig 9.1 Component parts of building
i) Foundation: It is the lowest artificially prepared part
below the surface of the surrounding ground which is
indirect contact with sub-strata and transmits all the loads
to the ground (or sub-soil)
ii) Plinth: It is the middle part of the structure, above the
surface of the surrounding ground up to the surface of the
floor immediately above the ground. Its function in the
building is same as of sub-structure in the case of the
bridge.
iii) Super structure: It is that part of the structure which is
constructed above the plinth level (i.e., ) ground level
A building in general made of the following structural components
1. Foundation
2. Plinth
3. Walls and piers in super structure
4. Ground, basement and upper floors
5. Doors and windows
6. Sills, Lintels and weather shades
7. Roofs
8. Steps and stairs
9. Finishes for walls
10.Utility fixtures
Each of these components is an essential part of a building and
requires due consideration in design and construction for their functional
performance. The basic functional requirements of these components
discusses in the following paragraphs.
1. Foundations:
The foundation is the most critical part of any structure and most
of the failure is probably due to faulty foundations rather than any other
cause. The purpose of foundation is to transmit the anticipated loads
safety to the soil
Basic requirements:
1. To distribute the total load coming on the structure over a large
bearing area so as to prevent it from any movement.
2. To load the bearing surface or area at a uniform rate so as to
prevent any unequal or relative settlement.
3. To prevent the lateral movement of the structure
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