Short Notes: Input-Output in C | Short Notes for Computer Science Engineering - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) PDF Download

 Page 1


INPUT-OUTPUT IN C
When we are saying Input that means we feed some data into program. This can be given in the 
form of file or from command line. C programming language provides a set of built-in functions 
to read given input and feed it to the program as per requirement.
When we are saying Output that means to display some data on screen, printer or in any file. C 
programming language provides a set of built-in functions to output the data on the computer 
screen.
Functions printf() and scanf() are the most commonly used to display out and take input 
respectively. Let us consider an example:
#include <stdio.h> //This is needed to runprintf() function. 
int main()
{
printf(” C Programming” ); //displays the content inside quotation 
return 0;
}
Output:
C Programming 
Explanation:
> Every program starts from main() function.
> printf() is a library function to display output which only works if #include<stdio.h>is 
included at the beginning.
> Here, stdio.h is a header file (standard input output header file) and #include is command 
to paste the code from the header file when necessary. When compiler encounters 
printf()function and doesn't find stdio.h header file, compiler shows error.
> return 0; indicates the successful execution of the program.
Input- Output of integers in C
# include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
int c=5;
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INPUT-OUTPUT IN C
When we are saying Input that means we feed some data into program. This can be given in the 
form of file or from command line. C programming language provides a set of built-in functions 
to read given input and feed it to the program as per requirement.
When we are saying Output that means to display some data on screen, printer or in any file. C 
programming language provides a set of built-in functions to output the data on the computer 
screen.
Functions printf() and scanf() are the most commonly used to display out and take input 
respectively. Let us consider an example:
#include <stdio.h> //This is needed to runprintf() function. 
int main()
{
printf(” C Programming” ); //displays the content inside quotation 
return 0;
}
Output:
C Programming 
Explanation:
> Every program starts from main() function.
> printf() is a library function to display output which only works if #include<stdio.h>is 
included at the beginning.
> Here, stdio.h is a header file (standard input output header file) and #include is command 
to paste the code from the header file when necessary. When compiler encounters 
printf()function and doesn't find stdio.h header file, compiler shows error.
> return 0; indicates the successful execution of the program.
Input- Output of integers in C
# include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
int c=5;
printf(” Number=%d” ,c); 
return 0;
}
Output
Number=5
Inside quotation of printf() there, is a conversion format string "%d" (for integer). If this 
conversion format string matches with remaining argument, i.e, c in this case, value of c is 
displayed.
#include<stdio.h> 
int main()
{ int c;
printf(” Enter a number\n” ); 
scanf(” %d” , &c); 
printf(” Number=%d” ,c); 
return 0;
}
Output
Enter a number 
4
Number=4
The scanf() function is used to take input from user. In this program, the user is asked an input 
and value is stored in variable c. Note the '&' sign before c. &c denotes the address of c and value 
is stored in that address.
Input- Output of floats in C
#include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
float a;
printf("Enter value: "); 
scanf("%f', &a);
printf("Value=%of',a); //% f is usedfor floats instead of %d
return 0;
}
Page 3


INPUT-OUTPUT IN C
When we are saying Input that means we feed some data into program. This can be given in the 
form of file or from command line. C programming language provides a set of built-in functions 
to read given input and feed it to the program as per requirement.
When we are saying Output that means to display some data on screen, printer or in any file. C 
programming language provides a set of built-in functions to output the data on the computer 
screen.
Functions printf() and scanf() are the most commonly used to display out and take input 
respectively. Let us consider an example:
#include <stdio.h> //This is needed to runprintf() function. 
int main()
{
printf(” C Programming” ); //displays the content inside quotation 
return 0;
}
Output:
C Programming 
Explanation:
> Every program starts from main() function.
> printf() is a library function to display output which only works if #include<stdio.h>is 
included at the beginning.
> Here, stdio.h is a header file (standard input output header file) and #include is command 
to paste the code from the header file when necessary. When compiler encounters 
printf()function and doesn't find stdio.h header file, compiler shows error.
> return 0; indicates the successful execution of the program.
Input- Output of integers in C
# include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
int c=5;
printf(” Number=%d” ,c); 
return 0;
}
Output
Number=5
Inside quotation of printf() there, is a conversion format string "%d" (for integer). If this 
conversion format string matches with remaining argument, i.e, c in this case, value of c is 
displayed.
#include<stdio.h> 
int main()
{ int c;
printf(” Enter a number\n” ); 
scanf(” %d” , &c); 
printf(” Number=%d” ,c); 
return 0;
}
Output
Enter a number 
4
Number=4
The scanf() function is used to take input from user. In this program, the user is asked an input 
and value is stored in variable c. Note the '&' sign before c. &c denotes the address of c and value 
is stored in that address.
Input- Output of floats in C
#include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
float a;
printf("Enter value: "); 
scanf("%f', &a);
printf("Value=%of',a); //% f is usedfor floats instead of %d
return 0;
}
Output
Enter value: 23.45 
Value =23.450000
Conversion format string "%f" is used for floats to take input and to display floating value of a 
variable.
Input - Output of characters and ASCII code
#include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
char varl;
printf("Enter character: "); 
scanf("%c " , &var1); 
printf("You entered %c.",var1); 
return 0;
}
Output
Enter character: g 
You entered g.
Conversion format string "%c" is used in case of characters.
ASCII code
When character is typed in the above program, the character itself is not recorded a numeric value 
(ASCII value) is stored. And when we displayed that value by using "%c", that character is 
displayed.
#include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
char varl;
printf("Enter character: "); 
scanf("%c " , &var1); 
printf("You entered %c. \n",var1);
/* \n prints the next line(performs work of enter). */ 
printf("ASCII value of %d",var1);
Page 4


INPUT-OUTPUT IN C
When we are saying Input that means we feed some data into program. This can be given in the 
form of file or from command line. C programming language provides a set of built-in functions 
to read given input and feed it to the program as per requirement.
When we are saying Output that means to display some data on screen, printer or in any file. C 
programming language provides a set of built-in functions to output the data on the computer 
screen.
Functions printf() and scanf() are the most commonly used to display out and take input 
respectively. Let us consider an example:
#include <stdio.h> //This is needed to runprintf() function. 
int main()
{
printf(” C Programming” ); //displays the content inside quotation 
return 0;
}
Output:
C Programming 
Explanation:
> Every program starts from main() function.
> printf() is a library function to display output which only works if #include<stdio.h>is 
included at the beginning.
> Here, stdio.h is a header file (standard input output header file) and #include is command 
to paste the code from the header file when necessary. When compiler encounters 
printf()function and doesn't find stdio.h header file, compiler shows error.
> return 0; indicates the successful execution of the program.
Input- Output of integers in C
# include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
int c=5;
printf(” Number=%d” ,c); 
return 0;
}
Output
Number=5
Inside quotation of printf() there, is a conversion format string "%d" (for integer). If this 
conversion format string matches with remaining argument, i.e, c in this case, value of c is 
displayed.
#include<stdio.h> 
int main()
{ int c;
printf(” Enter a number\n” ); 
scanf(” %d” , &c); 
printf(” Number=%d” ,c); 
return 0;
}
Output
Enter a number 
4
Number=4
The scanf() function is used to take input from user. In this program, the user is asked an input 
and value is stored in variable c. Note the '&' sign before c. &c denotes the address of c and value 
is stored in that address.
Input- Output of floats in C
#include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
float a;
printf("Enter value: "); 
scanf("%f', &a);
printf("Value=%of',a); //% f is usedfor floats instead of %d
return 0;
}
Output
Enter value: 23.45 
Value =23.450000
Conversion format string "%f" is used for floats to take input and to display floating value of a 
variable.
Input - Output of characters and ASCII code
#include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
char varl;
printf("Enter character: "); 
scanf("%c " , &var1); 
printf("You entered %c.",var1); 
return 0;
}
Output
Enter character: g 
You entered g.
Conversion format string "%c" is used in case of characters.
ASCII code
When character is typed in the above program, the character itself is not recorded a numeric value 
(ASCII value) is stored. And when we displayed that value by using "%c", that character is 
displayed.
#include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
char varl;
printf("Enter character: "); 
scanf("%c " , &var1); 
printf("You entered %c. \n",var1);
/* \n prints the next line(performs work of enter). */ 
printf("ASCII value of %d",var1);
return 0; 
}
Output:
Enter character: 
g
103
When, 'g' is entered, ASCII value 103 is stored instead of g.
You can display character if you know ASCII code only. This is shown by following example.
#include <stdio.h> 
int main()
{
int var1=69;
printf("Character of ASCII value 69: %c",var1); 
return 0;
}
Output
Character of ASCII value 69: E
The ASCII value of 'A' is 65, 'B' is 66 and so on to 'Z' is 90. Similarly ASCII value of 'a' is 97, 'b' 
is 98 and so on to 'z' is 122.