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PPT - Federalism
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| 1. What is federalism and how does it work in India's government system? |  |
Ans. Federalism is a system where power is divided between a central government and state governments, each having their own authority. In India, the Constitution establishes this division-the Centre handles defence and foreign policy, while states manage education and public order. This ensures no single authority becomes too powerful and allows local governments to address regional needs effectively.
| 2. How is power distributed between the Centre and states under Indian federalism? | |
Ans. The Indian Constitution divides powers into three lists: the Union List (Centre's subjects like taxation and defence), State List (states' subjects like police and agriculture), and Concurrent List (shared subjects like education and forests). This three-tier distribution prevents concentration of power and enables both levels to function independently while cooperating on national issues.
| 3. What's the difference between unitary and federal systems of government? | |
Ans. A unitary system concentrates power in one central authority, while a federal system distributes power between national and regional governments. India adopted federalism to balance central unity with state autonomy, allowing diverse regions to govern themselves while maintaining national integrity. This structure suits India's vast diversity and regional variations better than a unitary approach would.
| 4. Why did India choose a federal structure instead of a unitary government? | |
Ans. India adopted federalism to accommodate its enormous diversity-multiple religions, languages, cultures, and regions. A federal system allows each state to address local needs while the Centre handles national concerns. This approach prevents regional domination, ensures democratic representation across all areas, and maintains national cohesion without imposing uniform policies that might ignore regional particularities.
| 5. How do cooperative federalism and competitive federalism differ in India's context? | |
Ans. Cooperative federalism emphasizes Centre-state collaboration through joint commissions and shared planning, promoting national unity. Competitive federalism involves states competing for resources and recognition, sometimes creating tensions. India's system blends both-cooperative efforts like GST coordination exist alongside healthy competition between states for development and investor attention, creating dynamic federal governance.
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Apr 29, 2026 Last updated
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