PPT: Judiciary - Constitutional, Civil and Criminal Courts and Processes

 Page 2


Content 
•Introduction to IJS(Indian
Judiciary System)
•History(Pre British, British,
Post Independence)
•Constitution & Judiciary
•Structure of judiciary
•Supreme Court
•High Court
•Sub-ordinate Courts
•District & Session Courts
•Village courts/Panchayat
•Executive & Revenue Courts
•Judicial hierarchy
•Judicial development
•Qualities / merits
•Problems / defects
•Conclusion
•Bibliography
Page 3


Content 
•Introduction to IJS(Indian
Judiciary System)
•History(Pre British, British,
Post Independence)
•Constitution & Judiciary
•Structure of judiciary
•Supreme Court
•High Court
•Sub-ordinate Courts
•District & Session Courts
•Village courts/Panchayat
•Executive & Revenue Courts
•Judicial hierarchy
•Judicial development
•Qualities / merits
•Problems / defects
•Conclusion
•Bibliography
Introduction to IJS 
•The Judiciary is a system of courts which interpret and apply the law. The 
role of the courts is to decide cases by determining the relevant facts and 
the relevant law, and applying the relevant facts to the relevant law.
•The Indian Judiciary administers a common law system of legal 
jurisdiction, in which customs, Securities, precedents and legislation, all 
codify the law of the land. The Constitution of India is the supreme legal 
document of its jurisdiction which extends throughout the territory of the 
country.
•The Indian judicial system is a single integrated system. The Constitution 
of India divides the Indian judiciary into superior judiciary (the Supreme 
Court and the High Courts) and the subordinate judiciary (the lower courts 
under the control of the High Courts).
Page 4


Content 
•Introduction to IJS(Indian
Judiciary System)
•History(Pre British, British,
Post Independence)
•Constitution & Judiciary
•Structure of judiciary
•Supreme Court
•High Court
•Sub-ordinate Courts
•District & Session Courts
•Village courts/Panchayat
•Executive & Revenue Courts
•Judicial hierarchy
•Judicial development
•Qualities / merits
•Problems / defects
•Conclusion
•Bibliography
Introduction to IJS 
•The Judiciary is a system of courts which interpret and apply the law. The 
role of the courts is to decide cases by determining the relevant facts and 
the relevant law, and applying the relevant facts to the relevant law.
•The Indian Judiciary administers a common law system of legal 
jurisdiction, in which customs, Securities, precedents and legislation, all 
codify the law of the land. The Constitution of India is the supreme legal 
document of its jurisdiction which extends throughout the territory of the 
country.
•The Indian judicial system is a single integrated system. The Constitution 
of India divides the Indian judiciary into superior judiciary (the Supreme 
Court and the High Courts) and the subordinate judiciary (the lower courts 
under the control of the High Courts).
•There are various levels of judiciary in India – different types of courts, 
each with varying powers depending on the tier and jurisdiction 
bestowed upon them. They form a strict hierarchy of importance, in line 
with the order of the courts in which they sit, with the Supreme Court of 
India at the top, followed by High Courts of respective States with 
District Judges sitting in District Courts and Magistrates of Second Class 
and Civil Judge (Junior Division) at the bottom. Courts hear criminal 
and civil cases, including disputes between individuals and the 
government. The Indian judiciary is independent of the executive and 
legislative branches of government according to the Constitution
Page 5


Content 
•Introduction to IJS(Indian
Judiciary System)
•History(Pre British, British,
Post Independence)
•Constitution & Judiciary
•Structure of judiciary
•Supreme Court
•High Court
•Sub-ordinate Courts
•District & Session Courts
•Village courts/Panchayat
•Executive & Revenue Courts
•Judicial hierarchy
•Judicial development
•Qualities / merits
•Problems / defects
•Conclusion
•Bibliography
Introduction to IJS 
•The Judiciary is a system of courts which interpret and apply the law. The 
role of the courts is to decide cases by determining the relevant facts and 
the relevant law, and applying the relevant facts to the relevant law.
•The Indian Judiciary administers a common law system of legal 
jurisdiction, in which customs, Securities, precedents and legislation, all 
codify the law of the land. The Constitution of India is the supreme legal 
document of its jurisdiction which extends throughout the territory of the 
country.
•The Indian judicial system is a single integrated system. The Constitution 
of India divides the Indian judiciary into superior judiciary (the Supreme 
Court and the High Courts) and the subordinate judiciary (the lower courts 
under the control of the High Courts).
•There are various levels of judiciary in India – different types of courts, 
each with varying powers depending on the tier and jurisdiction 
bestowed upon them. They form a strict hierarchy of importance, in line 
with the order of the courts in which they sit, with the Supreme Court of 
India at the top, followed by High Courts of respective States with 
District Judges sitting in District Courts and Magistrates of Second Class 
and Civil Judge (Junior Division) at the bottom. Courts hear criminal 
and civil cases, including disputes between individuals and the 
government. The Indian judiciary is independent of the executive and 
legislative branches of government according to the Constitution
History of IJS 
The legal and judicial history of India is as old as 5000 years from now.
Thus to study effectively, history of Indian judicial system is divided into 3 
parts :-
1. Pre British Era
2. British Era
3. Post independence Era