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  Ecosystem
S t r u c t u r e a n d F u n c t i o n I n t e r a c t i o n o f B i o t i c a n d A b i o t i c C o m p o n e n t s F o r m a t i o n o f p h y s i c a l s t r u c t u r e s p e c i ? c t o e a c h e c o s y s t e m I d e n t i ? c a t i o n a n d e n u m e r a t i o n o f s p e c i e s V e r t i c a l s t r a t i ? c a t i o n i n f o r e s t s ( e . g . , t r e e s , s h r u b s , h e r b s ) C o m p o n e n t s F u n c t i o n a s a U n i t P r o d u c t i v i t y : S o l a r e n e r g y c a p t u r e b y p l a n t s D e c o m p o s i t i o n : B r e a k d o w n o f o r g a n i c m a t t e r E n e r g y Fl o w : T r a n s f e r o f e n e r g y t h r o u g h t r o p h i c l e v e l s N u t r i e n t C y c l i n g : R e u s e o f n u t r i e n t s t h r o u g h b i o t i c / a b i o t i c p r o c e s s e s T y p e s o f Ec o s y s t e m s T e r r e s t r i a l F o r e s t s , G r a s s l a n d s , D e s e r t s A q u a t i c P o n d s , L a k e s , R i v e r s , E s t u a r i e s M a n - m a d e C r o p ? e l d s , A q u a r i u m s P r o d u c t i v i t y P r i m a r y P r o d u c t i v i t y : B i o m a s s p r o d u c e d b y p l a n t s G r o s s P r i m a r y P r o d u c t i v i t y ( G P P ) N e t P r i m a r y P r o d u c t i v i t y ( N P P ) S e c o n d a r y P r o d u c t i v i t y : B i o m a s s p r o d u c e d b y c o n s u m e r s D e c o m p o s i t i o n P r o c e s s e s I n v o l v e d Fr a g m e n t a t i o n , L e a c h i n g , C a t a b o l i s m H u m i ? c a t i o n a n d M i n e r a l i s a t i o n R o l e o f D e c o m p o s e r s : F u n g i , B a c t e r i a Ene r g y F l o w U n i d i r e c t i o n a l m o v e m e n t f r o m p r o d u c e r s t o h i g h e r t r o p h i c l e v e l s I m p o r t a n c e o f s o l a r e n e r g y i n e c o s y s t e m s Ec o l o g i c a l P y r a m i d s T y p e s o f P y r a m i d s P y r a m i d o f N u m b e r s P y r a m i d o f B i o m a s s P y r a m i d o f E n e r g y T r o p h i c L e v e l s P r o d u c e r s : Fi r s t l e v e l C o n s u m e r s : H e r b i v o r e s ( P r i m a r y ) , C a r n i v o r e s ( S e c o n d a r y a n d T e r t i a r y ) D e c o m p o s e r s : D e t r i t u s f o o d c h a i n Ec o s y s t e m E n e r g y Fl o w
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FAQs on Mindmap: Ecosystems - Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. What are the different types of ecosystems?
Ans. Ecosystems can be classified into various types such as terrestrial ecosystems (forests, grasslands, deserts), aquatic ecosystems (marine, freshwater), and artificial ecosystems (urban areas, agricultural lands).
2. How do ecosystems support life on Earth?
Ans. Ecosystems provide essential services like clean air, water, food, and habitat for various organisms, which are crucial for maintaining biodiversity and sustaining life on Earth.
3. What factors can disrupt an ecosystem?
Ans. Ecosystems can be disrupted by factors like pollution, deforestation, climate change, invasive species, overexploitation of resources, and habitat destruction, leading to imbalances and loss of biodiversity.
4. How can individuals contribute to preserving ecosystems?
Ans. Individuals can help preserve ecosystems by reducing waste, recycling, conserving water and energy, supporting sustainable practices, participating in conservation efforts, and spreading awareness about the importance of protecting the environment.
5. Why is it important to study ecosystems?
Ans. Studying ecosystems helps us understand the interconnections between living organisms and their environment, the impacts of human activities on ecosystems, and how to manage and conserve natural resources for future generations.
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