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Introduction
Earth's surface 
covered with water
Freshwater sources: 
surface runo?, groundwater
Hydrological cycle
Water Scarcity
Causes
Over-exploitation
Excessive use
Unequal access
Areas likely to 
experience water scarcity
Low rainfall
 regions
Drought-prone 
regions
Impacts
Falling groundwater
 levels
Depletion of resources
Ecological crisis
Conservation and 
Management
Government 
initiatives
Jal Jeevan Mission
Atal Bhujal Yojana
Methods
Rainwater harvesting
Rooftop rainwater harvesting
Traditional methods: 
guls, kuls, khadins, johads
Multi-purpose 
River Projects
Uses
Irrigation
Hydroelectric power
Water supply
Flood control
Examples
Bhakra-Nangal project
Hirakud project
Sardar Sarovar Dam
Issues and opposition
Ecological impact
Displacement
Sedimentation
Rainwater 
Harvesting
Methods
Rooftop rainwater harvesting
Bamboo drip irrigation system
Examples
Gendathur village, Karnataka
Traditional methods in Rajasthan
Legal measures
Tamil Nadu's compulsory rooftop rainwater 
harvesting
Water 
Resources
  
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FAQs on Mindmap: Water Resources - Social Studies (SST) Class 10

1. What are the different sources of water resources?
Ans. Water resources can come from surface water sources like rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, as well as from groundwater sources such as wells and aquifers.
2. How does water pollution impact water resources?
Ans. Water pollution can harm water resources by contaminating them with chemicals, bacteria, and other harmful substances, making the water unsafe for consumption and threatening aquatic ecosystems.
3. What are some common methods for conserving water resources?
Ans. Some common methods for conserving water resources include fixing leaks, using water-saving appliances, practicing responsible irrigation techniques, and reducing water waste in daily activities.
4. How does climate change affect water resources?
Ans. Climate change can impact water resources by altering precipitation patterns, increasing the frequency of droughts and floods, and changing the availability and quality of water in different regions.
5. What are the main challenges facing water resources management?
Ans. The main challenges facing water resources management include increasing demand for water, pollution, climate change, water scarcity, and the need for sustainable and equitable water use policies.
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