Minerals in Jharkhand | Jharkhand State (JPSC) PSC: Preparation - JPSC (Jharkhand) PDF Download

 Page 1


Amar Ujala Publications Jharkhand : General Knowledge
100
MINERALS IN JHARKHAND
Jharkhand is endowed with vast natural resources specially the vast variety
of minerals ranging from Iron, ore, copper ore, Mica, Bauxite, fire clay Graphite,
Kyanite, lime stone, Uranium and other minerals. Jharkhand is the leading producer
of mineral wealth in the country. The total value of production is amounted to over
` 3000 crores.
Jharkhand is no. 1  producer in iron ore, copper ores. Mica Kainite, uranium,
Asbestus etc. No. 3 in coal production after Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
It contributes to nearly 40% of total mineral production of the country. The
coal production is 32.09% iron-ore is 31.84%, copper-ore 25.94%. pyrite 90.08%.
graphite 57.47%, and kyanite 8.33%. In addition to these minerals, the state also
produces other metals and atomic minerals.
The ecomomy of the state, employment as well as industralization largely
depends upon its expansion as well as utilization. Numerous steel companies, thermal
power units as well as  aluminium plants are supported on coal, iron and bauxite
obtainable in Jharkhand state. The Lime stone formed in the Jarkhand state is being
utilized in cement plants situated inside and outside the state.
Richness of mineral resources (because of which Jharkhand has been referred
to as Rule of India) has been responsible for the growth of large-scale mining and
industrial activities in the region. The intensity of mining activity is putting the
region under tremendous ecological stress. It is imperative that in the name of
industrialization and development, the ecological diversity, the flora and fauna
and the environment is not destroyed and that the indigenous people are not
displaced socially, culturally and religiously.
The scope for development of the mineral based industries in the State is
virtually enormous particularly because of the economic liberalization policy
adopted by the Government of India since the beginning of the last decade. In the
light of this changed economic scenario, the scope of extension of mining activity
is immense. Apart from mining, mineral based industries have excellent opportunities
to develop; in the State with the participation of the masses at the local level.
Jharkhand is endowed with large deposits of granite in all its districts. It is a
foreign exchange earner. The mica belts of the State are centered in the Koderma
reserve forest area, Chatkri, Dhab, Jhumri Tilaiya and Giridih town. Copper deposits
are mostly concentrated in Rakha, Kendadih, Surda, Pathargora and Mosaboni
areas of East Singhbhum district.
Jharkhand Mineral Policy
To facilitate systematic, scientific and planned utilization of mineral resources
and accelerate the mineral based development of the state, the Jharkhand Mineral
policy has been formulated To ensure optimal utilization of available mineral
resources, development of vast mineral potential, generate revenues for socio-
Page 2


Amar Ujala Publications Jharkhand : General Knowledge
100
MINERALS IN JHARKHAND
Jharkhand is endowed with vast natural resources specially the vast variety
of minerals ranging from Iron, ore, copper ore, Mica, Bauxite, fire clay Graphite,
Kyanite, lime stone, Uranium and other minerals. Jharkhand is the leading producer
of mineral wealth in the country. The total value of production is amounted to over
` 3000 crores.
Jharkhand is no. 1  producer in iron ore, copper ores. Mica Kainite, uranium,
Asbestus etc. No. 3 in coal production after Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
It contributes to nearly 40% of total mineral production of the country. The
coal production is 32.09% iron-ore is 31.84%, copper-ore 25.94%. pyrite 90.08%.
graphite 57.47%, and kyanite 8.33%. In addition to these minerals, the state also
produces other metals and atomic minerals.
The ecomomy of the state, employment as well as industralization largely
depends upon its expansion as well as utilization. Numerous steel companies, thermal
power units as well as  aluminium plants are supported on coal, iron and bauxite
obtainable in Jharkhand state. The Lime stone formed in the Jarkhand state is being
utilized in cement plants situated inside and outside the state.
Richness of mineral resources (because of which Jharkhand has been referred
to as Rule of India) has been responsible for the growth of large-scale mining and
industrial activities in the region. The intensity of mining activity is putting the
region under tremendous ecological stress. It is imperative that in the name of
industrialization and development, the ecological diversity, the flora and fauna
and the environment is not destroyed and that the indigenous people are not
displaced socially, culturally and religiously.
The scope for development of the mineral based industries in the State is
virtually enormous particularly because of the economic liberalization policy
adopted by the Government of India since the beginning of the last decade. In the
light of this changed economic scenario, the scope of extension of mining activity
is immense. Apart from mining, mineral based industries have excellent opportunities
to develop; in the State with the participation of the masses at the local level.
Jharkhand is endowed with large deposits of granite in all its districts. It is a
foreign exchange earner. The mica belts of the State are centered in the Koderma
reserve forest area, Chatkri, Dhab, Jhumri Tilaiya and Giridih town. Copper deposits
are mostly concentrated in Rakha, Kendadih, Surda, Pathargora and Mosaboni
areas of East Singhbhum district.
Jharkhand Mineral Policy
To facilitate systematic, scientific and planned utilization of mineral resources
and accelerate the mineral based development of the state, the Jharkhand Mineral
policy has been formulated To ensure optimal utilization of available mineral
resources, development of vast mineral potential, generate revenues for socio-
ecomomic development, impart boost to the economy of the state and enchance the
employment opportunities.
Extracts of Jharkhand Industrial Policy
Extracts that are relevant for the mining and Minerals sector.
Jharkhand region is generously endowed with Mineral wealth and the state
goverment is Committed to create an enviroment conducive to the growth of Mining
and Mineral based Industries in the state. In view of this state’s Industrial policy
Covers certain clauses relevant for mining and mimeral sector which are enumer-
ated below :
(1) Simplify procedures and expedite graniting of Mining leases.
(2) Provide certain  relief to make mining activities easier.
(3) Encourage use of modern exploration techniques to set up inventory of
various minerals in the state.
(4) Encourage venture projects with SMDC.
(5) Clear mining lease applications and project report within 60 days.
(6) Encourage private sector participation in Mining activities.
(7) Encourage foreign investment and technological collaboration by OBCs
and NRLs in selected sectros including mineral development.
Minerals
S.No.       Mineral          Production
No. of Rank in
Mines Country
1. Coal 59919 Thousand Tonnes 183 3
2. Iron-ore 8659 Thousand Tonnes 28 1
3. Boxide 1029 Thousand Tonnes 6 3
4. Limestone 1242 Thousand Tonnes 33 —
5. Copper 1189 Thousand Tonnes 5 1
6. Manganese 18718 Tonnes — —
7. Mica 1082 Tonnes 84 1
8. Kyanite 4922 Tonnes 3 1
9. China-clay 23256 Tonnes 25 —
10. Fire-clay 49970 Tonnes — —
11. Graphite 7276 Tonnes — —
12. Silver 13648 kg — —
13. Gold 254 kg — 6
14. Uranium — — 1
15. Gomite — — 2
16. Asbestos — — 1
17. Thorium — — 3
18. Isemenite — — 2
Page 3


Amar Ujala Publications Jharkhand : General Knowledge
100
MINERALS IN JHARKHAND
Jharkhand is endowed with vast natural resources specially the vast variety
of minerals ranging from Iron, ore, copper ore, Mica, Bauxite, fire clay Graphite,
Kyanite, lime stone, Uranium and other minerals. Jharkhand is the leading producer
of mineral wealth in the country. The total value of production is amounted to over
` 3000 crores.
Jharkhand is no. 1  producer in iron ore, copper ores. Mica Kainite, uranium,
Asbestus etc. No. 3 in coal production after Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
It contributes to nearly 40% of total mineral production of the country. The
coal production is 32.09% iron-ore is 31.84%, copper-ore 25.94%. pyrite 90.08%.
graphite 57.47%, and kyanite 8.33%. In addition to these minerals, the state also
produces other metals and atomic minerals.
The ecomomy of the state, employment as well as industralization largely
depends upon its expansion as well as utilization. Numerous steel companies, thermal
power units as well as  aluminium plants are supported on coal, iron and bauxite
obtainable in Jharkhand state. The Lime stone formed in the Jarkhand state is being
utilized in cement plants situated inside and outside the state.
Richness of mineral resources (because of which Jharkhand has been referred
to as Rule of India) has been responsible for the growth of large-scale mining and
industrial activities in the region. The intensity of mining activity is putting the
region under tremendous ecological stress. It is imperative that in the name of
industrialization and development, the ecological diversity, the flora and fauna
and the environment is not destroyed and that the indigenous people are not
displaced socially, culturally and religiously.
The scope for development of the mineral based industries in the State is
virtually enormous particularly because of the economic liberalization policy
adopted by the Government of India since the beginning of the last decade. In the
light of this changed economic scenario, the scope of extension of mining activity
is immense. Apart from mining, mineral based industries have excellent opportunities
to develop; in the State with the participation of the masses at the local level.
Jharkhand is endowed with large deposits of granite in all its districts. It is a
foreign exchange earner. The mica belts of the State are centered in the Koderma
reserve forest area, Chatkri, Dhab, Jhumri Tilaiya and Giridih town. Copper deposits
are mostly concentrated in Rakha, Kendadih, Surda, Pathargora and Mosaboni
areas of East Singhbhum district.
Jharkhand Mineral Policy
To facilitate systematic, scientific and planned utilization of mineral resources
and accelerate the mineral based development of the state, the Jharkhand Mineral
policy has been formulated To ensure optimal utilization of available mineral
resources, development of vast mineral potential, generate revenues for socio-
ecomomic development, impart boost to the economy of the state and enchance the
employment opportunities.
Extracts of Jharkhand Industrial Policy
Extracts that are relevant for the mining and Minerals sector.
Jharkhand region is generously endowed with Mineral wealth and the state
goverment is Committed to create an enviroment conducive to the growth of Mining
and Mineral based Industries in the state. In view of this state’s Industrial policy
Covers certain clauses relevant for mining and mimeral sector which are enumer-
ated below :
(1) Simplify procedures and expedite graniting of Mining leases.
(2) Provide certain  relief to make mining activities easier.
(3) Encourage use of modern exploration techniques to set up inventory of
various minerals in the state.
(4) Encourage venture projects with SMDC.
(5) Clear mining lease applications and project report within 60 days.
(6) Encourage private sector participation in Mining activities.
(7) Encourage foreign investment and technological collaboration by OBCs
and NRLs in selected sectros including mineral development.
Minerals
S.No.       Mineral          Production
No. of Rank in
Mines Country
1. Coal 59919 Thousand Tonnes 183 3
2. Iron-ore 8659 Thousand Tonnes 28 1
3. Boxide 1029 Thousand Tonnes 6 3
4. Limestone 1242 Thousand Tonnes 33 —
5. Copper 1189 Thousand Tonnes 5 1
6. Manganese 18718 Tonnes — —
7. Mica 1082 Tonnes 84 1
8. Kyanite 4922 Tonnes 3 1
9. China-clay 23256 Tonnes 25 —
10. Fire-clay 49970 Tonnes — —
11. Graphite 7276 Tonnes — —
12. Silver 13648 kg — —
13. Gold 254 kg — 6
14. Uranium — — 1
15. Gomite — — 2
16. Asbestos — — 1
17. Thorium — — 3
18. Isemenite — — 2
CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS
(I)  METALLIC MINERALS
Metallic minerals are those minerabls which can be melted to obtain new
products. These are generally asociated with igneous rock.
Examples—Iron, Maganese, Copper, Lead Zinc, Bauxite, Gold, Silver etc.
(II) Non-Metallic Minerals
Non-metallic minerals are those which do not yield new products on melting.
They are generally associated with sedimentary rocks.
Examples—Pyrite, mica Limestone, Kyanite Fireclay, Gypsum etc.
(III)  AT OMIC MINERALS
Example—Graphite, Uranium, Thorium etc.
METALLIC MINERALS
Iron and Steel
The state is endowed with deposits of iron ores of both, Hematite and
Mangentite. The Hematite deposits are mainly located in the west Singhbhum
District and have a resource base exceeding 3700 million tones. These have been
explored only in pockets by large industry houses in their lease hold. There is a
very good scope of enlarging this resource base by future exploration. The magnetite
Deposits are located in the East Singhbhum, Latehar and Palamu district. They
comprise Lenticular ore bodies as well as Schit rocks with 80 to 36% magnetic. The
exploration of these bodies is yet to be taken up. The existing steel mills are sourcing
their iron ore (Hematite) from west Singhbhum. The Magnetite ore is being used in
heavy media coal washeries and paints.
Manganese : Manganese is found with iron-ore deposits in the south-east
part of the state. It is used in steel, glass, electrical, and chemical industries. Its
products are match, glass, battery, chlorine gas, bleaching power, etc.
CHROMITE
Chromite: It is main source of Chromium. It is used in iron-steel and chemical
industries. Its mines are situated at Jojahatu and Keraikela near Saraikela. The
chromite minerals found in the state are very superior. Recently chromite has been
found in Dhanbad and Hazaribagh. The state’s known reserves of this mineral are
4.65 lakh tonnes. Its annual production is about 170 tons.
Copper : It is a very useful metal. It is used in manufacture of electrical cable,
electrical equipment, alloy, utensils, etc. Jharkhand has the reserve of 93.06 lakh
tonnes, which is about 25.94% of India’s total deposits. Copper deposits extend in
a linear belt of 130 km length and 17 km width. This belt exists from Chakradharpur
to Simgri (Bahragora) through Kharsawan, Saraikela and Dhalbhum. further possi-
Page 4


Amar Ujala Publications Jharkhand : General Knowledge
100
MINERALS IN JHARKHAND
Jharkhand is endowed with vast natural resources specially the vast variety
of minerals ranging from Iron, ore, copper ore, Mica, Bauxite, fire clay Graphite,
Kyanite, lime stone, Uranium and other minerals. Jharkhand is the leading producer
of mineral wealth in the country. The total value of production is amounted to over
` 3000 crores.
Jharkhand is no. 1  producer in iron ore, copper ores. Mica Kainite, uranium,
Asbestus etc. No. 3 in coal production after Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
It contributes to nearly 40% of total mineral production of the country. The
coal production is 32.09% iron-ore is 31.84%, copper-ore 25.94%. pyrite 90.08%.
graphite 57.47%, and kyanite 8.33%. In addition to these minerals, the state also
produces other metals and atomic minerals.
The ecomomy of the state, employment as well as industralization largely
depends upon its expansion as well as utilization. Numerous steel companies, thermal
power units as well as  aluminium plants are supported on coal, iron and bauxite
obtainable in Jharkhand state. The Lime stone formed in the Jarkhand state is being
utilized in cement plants situated inside and outside the state.
Richness of mineral resources (because of which Jharkhand has been referred
to as Rule of India) has been responsible for the growth of large-scale mining and
industrial activities in the region. The intensity of mining activity is putting the
region under tremendous ecological stress. It is imperative that in the name of
industrialization and development, the ecological diversity, the flora and fauna
and the environment is not destroyed and that the indigenous people are not
displaced socially, culturally and religiously.
The scope for development of the mineral based industries in the State is
virtually enormous particularly because of the economic liberalization policy
adopted by the Government of India since the beginning of the last decade. In the
light of this changed economic scenario, the scope of extension of mining activity
is immense. Apart from mining, mineral based industries have excellent opportunities
to develop; in the State with the participation of the masses at the local level.
Jharkhand is endowed with large deposits of granite in all its districts. It is a
foreign exchange earner. The mica belts of the State are centered in the Koderma
reserve forest area, Chatkri, Dhab, Jhumri Tilaiya and Giridih town. Copper deposits
are mostly concentrated in Rakha, Kendadih, Surda, Pathargora and Mosaboni
areas of East Singhbhum district.
Jharkhand Mineral Policy
To facilitate systematic, scientific and planned utilization of mineral resources
and accelerate the mineral based development of the state, the Jharkhand Mineral
policy has been formulated To ensure optimal utilization of available mineral
resources, development of vast mineral potential, generate revenues for socio-
ecomomic development, impart boost to the economy of the state and enchance the
employment opportunities.
Extracts of Jharkhand Industrial Policy
Extracts that are relevant for the mining and Minerals sector.
Jharkhand region is generously endowed with Mineral wealth and the state
goverment is Committed to create an enviroment conducive to the growth of Mining
and Mineral based Industries in the state. In view of this state’s Industrial policy
Covers certain clauses relevant for mining and mimeral sector which are enumer-
ated below :
(1) Simplify procedures and expedite graniting of Mining leases.
(2) Provide certain  relief to make mining activities easier.
(3) Encourage use of modern exploration techniques to set up inventory of
various minerals in the state.
(4) Encourage venture projects with SMDC.
(5) Clear mining lease applications and project report within 60 days.
(6) Encourage private sector participation in Mining activities.
(7) Encourage foreign investment and technological collaboration by OBCs
and NRLs in selected sectros including mineral development.
Minerals
S.No.       Mineral          Production
No. of Rank in
Mines Country
1. Coal 59919 Thousand Tonnes 183 3
2. Iron-ore 8659 Thousand Tonnes 28 1
3. Boxide 1029 Thousand Tonnes 6 3
4. Limestone 1242 Thousand Tonnes 33 —
5. Copper 1189 Thousand Tonnes 5 1
6. Manganese 18718 Tonnes — —
7. Mica 1082 Tonnes 84 1
8. Kyanite 4922 Tonnes 3 1
9. China-clay 23256 Tonnes 25 —
10. Fire-clay 49970 Tonnes — —
11. Graphite 7276 Tonnes — —
12. Silver 13648 kg — —
13. Gold 254 kg — 6
14. Uranium — — 1
15. Gomite — — 2
16. Asbestos — — 1
17. Thorium — — 3
18. Isemenite — — 2
CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS
(I)  METALLIC MINERALS
Metallic minerals are those minerabls which can be melted to obtain new
products. These are generally asociated with igneous rock.
Examples—Iron, Maganese, Copper, Lead Zinc, Bauxite, Gold, Silver etc.
(II) Non-Metallic Minerals
Non-metallic minerals are those which do not yield new products on melting.
They are generally associated with sedimentary rocks.
Examples—Pyrite, mica Limestone, Kyanite Fireclay, Gypsum etc.
(III)  AT OMIC MINERALS
Example—Graphite, Uranium, Thorium etc.
METALLIC MINERALS
Iron and Steel
The state is endowed with deposits of iron ores of both, Hematite and
Mangentite. The Hematite deposits are mainly located in the west Singhbhum
District and have a resource base exceeding 3700 million tones. These have been
explored only in pockets by large industry houses in their lease hold. There is a
very good scope of enlarging this resource base by future exploration. The magnetite
Deposits are located in the East Singhbhum, Latehar and Palamu district. They
comprise Lenticular ore bodies as well as Schit rocks with 80 to 36% magnetic. The
exploration of these bodies is yet to be taken up. The existing steel mills are sourcing
their iron ore (Hematite) from west Singhbhum. The Magnetite ore is being used in
heavy media coal washeries and paints.
Manganese : Manganese is found with iron-ore deposits in the south-east
part of the state. It is used in steel, glass, electrical, and chemical industries. Its
products are match, glass, battery, chlorine gas, bleaching power, etc.
CHROMITE
Chromite: It is main source of Chromium. It is used in iron-steel and chemical
industries. Its mines are situated at Jojahatu and Keraikela near Saraikela. The
chromite minerals found in the state are very superior. Recently chromite has been
found in Dhanbad and Hazaribagh. The state’s known reserves of this mineral are
4.65 lakh tonnes. Its annual production is about 170 tons.
Copper : It is a very useful metal. It is used in manufacture of electrical cable,
electrical equipment, alloy, utensils, etc. Jharkhand has the reserve of 93.06 lakh
tonnes, which is about 25.94% of India’s total deposits. Copper deposits extend in
a linear belt of 130 km length and 17 km width. This belt exists from Chakradharpur
to Simgri (Bahragora) through Kharsawan, Saraikela and Dhalbhum. further possi-
bility of its existence lies in the districts of Hazaribagh. Giridih, Sahebganj
(Rajmahal), Palamu and Garhwa.
Bauxite : Bauxite is found in association with laterites. Thick deposits of
laterites are available in the Pat region and neighboring plateau of Lohardaga and
Gumla. The highlands of Rajmahal also possess deposits of bauxite. The important
mines of bauxite are located at Bagru. Dudha. Sermdag. Khamar.
MINERALS
Tungsten : The main mineral of tungsten is wolframite, which is a compound
of tungsten and manganese. Tungsten is mainly used in the production of high
tempered steel and the manufacture of electrical goods. The deposits of its mineral
are mainly located in Hazaribagh. But its exact reserves are yet to be assessed and
its commercial exploitation is not known.
Lead : Its mineral is galena, which is generally found mixed with zinc and
silver. The deposits of galena are located in Hazaribagh and Santhal Parganas. It is
a bad conductor of electricity. It is mainly used in iron and steel industry. Other
uses are in rail engines, motorcars, aeroplanes, battery, musical instruments car-
tridges, etc.
Gold : It is found in the valleys of Son, Swarnarekha and Damodar. However
the importance of Swarnarekha is predominant because its sands contain few
smaller particles. Gold is also available in small veins of quartz., which occurs in
both the phyllite and epidiorites. About 350 kilograms of gold is produced in 1
Hindustan Copper Corporation located at Ghatsila (East Singbhum). Gold is mainly
used in jewellery, coins, glass frames, pens, etc.
Silver : It is found in association with lead, zinc, sulphur, and copper. It is
mainly available in Palamu, Hazaribagh, Chatra, Ranchi, Santhal Parganas.etc. Its
production is 11073 kilograms, which is nearly 31% of the country.
Tin : It is obtained from a mineral named cassiterite, which is found in
Hazaribagh, Palamu, Ranchi, Santhal Parganas, etc. Tin is resistant to corrosion;
hence a thin coating of tin over Iron protects it from rusting. It is however not so
durable as that of zinc in galvanized iron.
Non-Metallic Minerals
Mica : There is a big mica belt stretching 145kms in length and 26 kms in
width. The main deposit lies in Koderma. But other deposits are also found in
Hazaribagh and Giridih. Some amount of mica is also found in Daltonganj, Lesliganj,
Khorhi and Bandua in the Basin of Koel River.
The mica of Jharkhand enables cheap and easy extraction because of its
existence in a bed of more than 100 feet. Koderma and Jhumri Tilaiya are main mica
industrial centers where different types of mica are processed tor markets. Mica is
used in electrical, chemical, paper and rubber industries. The state produces about
58% of the total production.
Page 5


Amar Ujala Publications Jharkhand : General Knowledge
100
MINERALS IN JHARKHAND
Jharkhand is endowed with vast natural resources specially the vast variety
of minerals ranging from Iron, ore, copper ore, Mica, Bauxite, fire clay Graphite,
Kyanite, lime stone, Uranium and other minerals. Jharkhand is the leading producer
of mineral wealth in the country. The total value of production is amounted to over
` 3000 crores.
Jharkhand is no. 1  producer in iron ore, copper ores. Mica Kainite, uranium,
Asbestus etc. No. 3 in coal production after Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
It contributes to nearly 40% of total mineral production of the country. The
coal production is 32.09% iron-ore is 31.84%, copper-ore 25.94%. pyrite 90.08%.
graphite 57.47%, and kyanite 8.33%. In addition to these minerals, the state also
produces other metals and atomic minerals.
The ecomomy of the state, employment as well as industralization largely
depends upon its expansion as well as utilization. Numerous steel companies, thermal
power units as well as  aluminium plants are supported on coal, iron and bauxite
obtainable in Jharkhand state. The Lime stone formed in the Jarkhand state is being
utilized in cement plants situated inside and outside the state.
Richness of mineral resources (because of which Jharkhand has been referred
to as Rule of India) has been responsible for the growth of large-scale mining and
industrial activities in the region. The intensity of mining activity is putting the
region under tremendous ecological stress. It is imperative that in the name of
industrialization and development, the ecological diversity, the flora and fauna
and the environment is not destroyed and that the indigenous people are not
displaced socially, culturally and religiously.
The scope for development of the mineral based industries in the State is
virtually enormous particularly because of the economic liberalization policy
adopted by the Government of India since the beginning of the last decade. In the
light of this changed economic scenario, the scope of extension of mining activity
is immense. Apart from mining, mineral based industries have excellent opportunities
to develop; in the State with the participation of the masses at the local level.
Jharkhand is endowed with large deposits of granite in all its districts. It is a
foreign exchange earner. The mica belts of the State are centered in the Koderma
reserve forest area, Chatkri, Dhab, Jhumri Tilaiya and Giridih town. Copper deposits
are mostly concentrated in Rakha, Kendadih, Surda, Pathargora and Mosaboni
areas of East Singhbhum district.
Jharkhand Mineral Policy
To facilitate systematic, scientific and planned utilization of mineral resources
and accelerate the mineral based development of the state, the Jharkhand Mineral
policy has been formulated To ensure optimal utilization of available mineral
resources, development of vast mineral potential, generate revenues for socio-
ecomomic development, impart boost to the economy of the state and enchance the
employment opportunities.
Extracts of Jharkhand Industrial Policy
Extracts that are relevant for the mining and Minerals sector.
Jharkhand region is generously endowed with Mineral wealth and the state
goverment is Committed to create an enviroment conducive to the growth of Mining
and Mineral based Industries in the state. In view of this state’s Industrial policy
Covers certain clauses relevant for mining and mimeral sector which are enumer-
ated below :
(1) Simplify procedures and expedite graniting of Mining leases.
(2) Provide certain  relief to make mining activities easier.
(3) Encourage use of modern exploration techniques to set up inventory of
various minerals in the state.
(4) Encourage venture projects with SMDC.
(5) Clear mining lease applications and project report within 60 days.
(6) Encourage private sector participation in Mining activities.
(7) Encourage foreign investment and technological collaboration by OBCs
and NRLs in selected sectros including mineral development.
Minerals
S.No.       Mineral          Production
No. of Rank in
Mines Country
1. Coal 59919 Thousand Tonnes 183 3
2. Iron-ore 8659 Thousand Tonnes 28 1
3. Boxide 1029 Thousand Tonnes 6 3
4. Limestone 1242 Thousand Tonnes 33 —
5. Copper 1189 Thousand Tonnes 5 1
6. Manganese 18718 Tonnes — —
7. Mica 1082 Tonnes 84 1
8. Kyanite 4922 Tonnes 3 1
9. China-clay 23256 Tonnes 25 —
10. Fire-clay 49970 Tonnes — —
11. Graphite 7276 Tonnes — —
12. Silver 13648 kg — —
13. Gold 254 kg — 6
14. Uranium — — 1
15. Gomite — — 2
16. Asbestos — — 1
17. Thorium — — 3
18. Isemenite — — 2
CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS
(I)  METALLIC MINERALS
Metallic minerals are those minerabls which can be melted to obtain new
products. These are generally asociated with igneous rock.
Examples—Iron, Maganese, Copper, Lead Zinc, Bauxite, Gold, Silver etc.
(II) Non-Metallic Minerals
Non-metallic minerals are those which do not yield new products on melting.
They are generally associated with sedimentary rocks.
Examples—Pyrite, mica Limestone, Kyanite Fireclay, Gypsum etc.
(III)  AT OMIC MINERALS
Example—Graphite, Uranium, Thorium etc.
METALLIC MINERALS
Iron and Steel
The state is endowed with deposits of iron ores of both, Hematite and
Mangentite. The Hematite deposits are mainly located in the west Singhbhum
District and have a resource base exceeding 3700 million tones. These have been
explored only in pockets by large industry houses in their lease hold. There is a
very good scope of enlarging this resource base by future exploration. The magnetite
Deposits are located in the East Singhbhum, Latehar and Palamu district. They
comprise Lenticular ore bodies as well as Schit rocks with 80 to 36% magnetic. The
exploration of these bodies is yet to be taken up. The existing steel mills are sourcing
their iron ore (Hematite) from west Singhbhum. The Magnetite ore is being used in
heavy media coal washeries and paints.
Manganese : Manganese is found with iron-ore deposits in the south-east
part of the state. It is used in steel, glass, electrical, and chemical industries. Its
products are match, glass, battery, chlorine gas, bleaching power, etc.
CHROMITE
Chromite: It is main source of Chromium. It is used in iron-steel and chemical
industries. Its mines are situated at Jojahatu and Keraikela near Saraikela. The
chromite minerals found in the state are very superior. Recently chromite has been
found in Dhanbad and Hazaribagh. The state’s known reserves of this mineral are
4.65 lakh tonnes. Its annual production is about 170 tons.
Copper : It is a very useful metal. It is used in manufacture of electrical cable,
electrical equipment, alloy, utensils, etc. Jharkhand has the reserve of 93.06 lakh
tonnes, which is about 25.94% of India’s total deposits. Copper deposits extend in
a linear belt of 130 km length and 17 km width. This belt exists from Chakradharpur
to Simgri (Bahragora) through Kharsawan, Saraikela and Dhalbhum. further possi-
bility of its existence lies in the districts of Hazaribagh. Giridih, Sahebganj
(Rajmahal), Palamu and Garhwa.
Bauxite : Bauxite is found in association with laterites. Thick deposits of
laterites are available in the Pat region and neighboring plateau of Lohardaga and
Gumla. The highlands of Rajmahal also possess deposits of bauxite. The important
mines of bauxite are located at Bagru. Dudha. Sermdag. Khamar.
MINERALS
Tungsten : The main mineral of tungsten is wolframite, which is a compound
of tungsten and manganese. Tungsten is mainly used in the production of high
tempered steel and the manufacture of electrical goods. The deposits of its mineral
are mainly located in Hazaribagh. But its exact reserves are yet to be assessed and
its commercial exploitation is not known.
Lead : Its mineral is galena, which is generally found mixed with zinc and
silver. The deposits of galena are located in Hazaribagh and Santhal Parganas. It is
a bad conductor of electricity. It is mainly used in iron and steel industry. Other
uses are in rail engines, motorcars, aeroplanes, battery, musical instruments car-
tridges, etc.
Gold : It is found in the valleys of Son, Swarnarekha and Damodar. However
the importance of Swarnarekha is predominant because its sands contain few
smaller particles. Gold is also available in small veins of quartz., which occurs in
both the phyllite and epidiorites. About 350 kilograms of gold is produced in 1
Hindustan Copper Corporation located at Ghatsila (East Singbhum). Gold is mainly
used in jewellery, coins, glass frames, pens, etc.
Silver : It is found in association with lead, zinc, sulphur, and copper. It is
mainly available in Palamu, Hazaribagh, Chatra, Ranchi, Santhal Parganas.etc. Its
production is 11073 kilograms, which is nearly 31% of the country.
Tin : It is obtained from a mineral named cassiterite, which is found in
Hazaribagh, Palamu, Ranchi, Santhal Parganas, etc. Tin is resistant to corrosion;
hence a thin coating of tin over Iron protects it from rusting. It is however not so
durable as that of zinc in galvanized iron.
Non-Metallic Minerals
Mica : There is a big mica belt stretching 145kms in length and 26 kms in
width. The main deposit lies in Koderma. But other deposits are also found in
Hazaribagh and Giridih. Some amount of mica is also found in Daltonganj, Lesliganj,
Khorhi and Bandua in the Basin of Koel River.
The mica of Jharkhand enables cheap and easy extraction because of its
existence in a bed of more than 100 feet. Koderma and Jhumri Tilaiya are main mica
industrial centers where different types of mica are processed tor markets. Mica is
used in electrical, chemical, paper and rubber industries. The state produces about
58% of the total production.
Kyanite : The main deposits of Kyanite are located in Singhbhum in a stretch
of 130 km in length and 16 km in width. The total reserves of this mineral in the state
are about 5.70 million tonnes, which is 8.33 of country’s reserves. It is used as a
refractory material.
It occurs either in massive from or as Quartz-Kyantic rock.
Graphite : Both high and low grades graphite is available in high quantity in
Jharkhand. Its deposits are found mainly in Palamu. Small amount is also available
in Ranchi district. The estimated reserve is 10.34 million tonnes which is 57.47 per
cent of total deposits iiji the country. Graphite has wide range of industrial
applications in various industries.
Asbestos : It is important because of its fire-resistant quality . Asbestos clothes
are used to cover different types of boilers and engines. It is also consumed in jet
aeroplanes and missiles. It is found in the crystalline Dharwarian rocks. Its deposits
are mainly found in Ranchi and Singhbhum. One of the largest deposits is at
Barabana and Rajnagar in Saraikela.
Clay
China clay : Jharkand is an important china clay producer in India and it has
great potential with total reserve of 45.335 NT.
It is consumed for bleaching material, textile industry , paper industry, insulator
factory, etc. It is white powdery clay derived from the decomposition of felspar in
pegmatite granite, schists, gneisses, etc. Its estimated reserve is about 190.14
million tonnes and annual production is 59,000 tonnes. It is found in Ranchi,
Singhbhum, Dhahbad, Hazaribagh and Santhal Parganas.
Fire clay : Fire clay beds are asocioted with coal Seams in Gondwana rocks of
Chotanagpur terrain. The fireclays of Jharia Coalfield are of good re-factory quality.
Fire clay is also reported from Dhanbad Dumka, Giridih, Hazaribagh, Palamu,
Singhbum, and Ranchi districts. The total reserve of fire caly is Jharkhand is 03.45
MT.
It is used in the manufacture of fire-bricks and also as lining material of
furnaces in steel plants. This mineral is found in the Damodar basin, Koel Basin,
Ranchi, East Singhbhum. etc. Some deposits are also found in Hazaribagh and
Rajmahal area of Sahebganj. Its estimated deposits are nearly 0.15 million tonnes
and annual production is 261 tonnes.
Lime Stone : Lime stone mining in India takes its place next to coal mining. It
is maily utilized for the manufacture of cement. Next to cement industry, its potential
consumers are the chemical and Iron and steel industries. Total reserve of Jharkhand
is 511.104 MT. The deposits occure in Hazaribagh, Singhbhum. Pakur, Garhwa,
Ranchi, Giridiah, and Bokaro district. Production of lime stone during 2001-2 in
Jharkhand was 2.13 million tones.
In Ranchi district, limestone deposits are found in Babhani-Hoyer-Khelari
area. This limestone is used for the existing factory at Khelari. In Singhbhum, The
limestone zone extends from Chaibasa to Jaganathpur. The ACC cement factory at
Jhinkpani uses the limestone of this zone. The total reserve in the state is 745.77
million tonnes.