Tamil Nadu under the Nayak Rule - Madurai, Tanjore, Ginjee and Vellore Nayaks- Social | Tamil Nadu State PSC (TNPSC): Preparation - TNPSC (Tamil Nadu) PDF Download

 Page 1


58 59
III. Fill in the blanks:
1) _______, _______ were the two brothers established the
Vijaya Nagar empire
2) Meykandar wrote ________,  _________
3) ______ was the first ruler of Vijaya Nagar empire.
4) The battle of T alikkota was fought in the year______
5) Maduravijayam was written by ________
IV . Match the Following:
Bukka I - Head of the Thengalai group
Abdul Razak - Head of the V adagalai group.
Amukta Malayatha - Foreign Writer
V edhantha Desikar - Krishna Devaraya
Manavala mahamuni - The first ruler of V ijaya Nagar empire
V . Answer the Following Briefly:
1) What are the sources to know about the Vijaya Nagar
empire?
2) Write notes about the great king  Krishna Devaraya?
3) What are the four dynasties which ruled the Vijaya Nagar
empire?
4) Who were the T elugu leading scholars during the period of
Krishna Devarayar?
5) Write about V adagalai and Thengalai.
VI. Answer in Detail:
1) How did the Vijaya Nagar emperors patronise the art
and architecture.
2) Describe the contributions of Vijaya Nagar rulers to the
growth of language and literature?
3) Write about the social conditions and cultural impact during
the period of Vijaya Nagar empire.
UNIT – III
THE NAYAK RULE IN MADURAI:   1529AD. - 1739 AD.
The Nayak rule in T amilnadu was established by the V ijayanagar
emperors. Krishna devaraya popularised the Nayak system. King
Achyutharaya had 200 Nayaks under his control. Among them, the
Nayaks of Madurai, T anjore, Ginjee and V ellore were important. After
the battle of T alikotta and after the downfall of Vijayanagar empire the
Nayaks emerged as an independent rulers. The Nayak rule lasted for a
century .
Sources: W e have lot of epigraphic and literary sources for the study
of the Nayaks. Inscriptions give details about the donations made by
the Nayak rulers to Brahmins and temples. The  monuments reveal the
culture of the Nayaks. The letters of Fernao Nuniz, Domingo Poes and
Jesuits are very important sources. Factory records of Portuguese, the
Dutch and the English are useful to know the Nayak rule.
Page 2


58 59
III. Fill in the blanks:
1) _______, _______ were the two brothers established the
Vijaya Nagar empire
2) Meykandar wrote ________,  _________
3) ______ was the first ruler of Vijaya Nagar empire.
4) The battle of T alikkota was fought in the year______
5) Maduravijayam was written by ________
IV . Match the Following:
Bukka I - Head of the Thengalai group
Abdul Razak - Head of the V adagalai group.
Amukta Malayatha - Foreign Writer
V edhantha Desikar - Krishna Devaraya
Manavala mahamuni - The first ruler of V ijaya Nagar empire
V . Answer the Following Briefly:
1) What are the sources to know about the Vijaya Nagar
empire?
2) Write notes about the great king  Krishna Devaraya?
3) What are the four dynasties which ruled the Vijaya Nagar
empire?
4) Who were the T elugu leading scholars during the period of
Krishna Devarayar?
5) Write about V adagalai and Thengalai.
VI. Answer in Detail:
1) How did the Vijaya Nagar emperors patronise the art
and architecture.
2) Describe the contributions of Vijaya Nagar rulers to the
growth of language and literature?
3) Write about the social conditions and cultural impact during
the period of Vijaya Nagar empire.
UNIT – III
THE NAYAK RULE IN MADURAI:   1529AD. - 1739 AD.
The Nayak rule in T amilnadu was established by the V ijayanagar
emperors. Krishna devaraya popularised the Nayak system. King
Achyutharaya had 200 Nayaks under his control. Among them, the
Nayaks of Madurai, T anjore, Ginjee and V ellore were important. After
the battle of T alikotta and after the downfall of Vijayanagar empire the
Nayaks emerged as an independent rulers. The Nayak rule lasted for a
century .
Sources: W e have lot of epigraphic and literary sources for the study
of the Nayaks. Inscriptions give details about the donations made by
the Nayak rulers to Brahmins and temples. The  monuments reveal the
culture of the Nayaks. The letters of Fernao Nuniz, Domingo Poes and
Jesuits are very important sources. Factory records of Portuguese, the
Dutch and the English are useful to know the Nayak rule.
60 61
Nayankara System: Krishnadevaraya extended this system to T amil
country . According to this system, king was considered as owner of all
land. Those who received lands from the king were also called Nayaks.
In return the Nayaks had to pay a fixed amount and send an army
whenever the king needed. The Nayaks carried on the administration
in the name of the King. They presented gifts and money to the King on
his birthday . This system is known as Nayankara system.
Nayaks of Madurai: On the request from a Pandya king,
Krishnadevaraya deputed his general NagammaNayak to Madurai to
help the Pandya king. Later Krishnadevaraya sent NagammaNayak’s
son ViswanathaNayak and established Nayak rule in Madurai.
Viswanatha Nayak 1529AD.–1564 AD.: Krishnadevaraya
appointed V iswanathaNayak as viceroy or Nayak of Madurai in 1529.
He ruled Madurai for about 35 years.  He was the first Nayak of
Madruai.  He was loyal to Vijayanagar emperors.  Viswanatha Nayak
was assisted by his able Dalavoy Ariyanathar. Viswanatha Nayak
defeated many local chieftains and brought them under his control.
Viswanatha Nayak  introduced poliga system during his
period.In accordance with this system ViswanathaNayak divided his
principality in to 72 palayams.  The new system enabled the Nayaks to
collect  revenue. The poliga system was a semi military and feudal
arrangement. Through which he tightened the imperial hold over the
conquered territory . V iswanatha Nayak brought the hill chief of Kambum
and Gudalur under his control.
He renovated the Ranganatha temple at Srirangam and Rock
temple at Trichy , the temples of Tirunelveli. He brought the Pandyas of
Thenkasi and Kayathar under the poliga system. The streets were
widened. ViswanathaNayak extended the territory of Madurai Nayak
which included Trichy , Salem, Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli. He
brought some parts of chola dominions and the Pandya Kingdom under
his control.  He constructed some forts also.  ViswanathaNayak was
considered as the real founder of the Nayak rule in Madurai.
Dalavoy Ariyanathar: Dalavoy was both the minister and military
general during the period of V iswanathaNayak. He was an administrator
of both civil and military matters. Ariyanathan was the first dalavoy
during the period of ViswanahtaNayak.  He contributed much for the
victories and achievements of ViswanathaNayak.
Krishnappa Nayak 1564 AD.–1572 AD: He was son of
V iswanathaNayak. During his period the poligas and muslims revolted
against him.  But the revolts were put down by Dalavoy Ariyanathar.
He developed Krishnapuram temple which is a good model for Nayak
architecture.  He renovated and built some temples.
Veerappa Nayak 1572 AD.–1595 AD.: V eerappaNayak, was the
eldest son of KrishnappaNayak. He was a pious and peace loving
ruler.  He was ably assisted by Dalavoy Ariyanathar. He developed the
fort at Trichy and built a new fort at Aruppukottai. He renovated
Chidambaram temple. Improvements were made in Meenakshi T emple
at Madurai. After his demise Krishnappa Nayak II, Muthukrishnappa
Nayak I and Muthuveerappa Nayak I ruled for sometime.
Thirumalai Nayak 1623 AD. – 1659 AD: ThirumalaiNayak was the
greatest among the Nayaks of Madurai.  He transferred the capital
from Trichy to Madurai. He was pious and a genius king.  His kingdom
included Madurai, Tirunelveli, Coimbatore and some parts of
Thiruvanathapuram. He defeated Mysore king Chamarajaudaiyar.
Page 3


58 59
III. Fill in the blanks:
1) _______, _______ were the two brothers established the
Vijaya Nagar empire
2) Meykandar wrote ________,  _________
3) ______ was the first ruler of Vijaya Nagar empire.
4) The battle of T alikkota was fought in the year______
5) Maduravijayam was written by ________
IV . Match the Following:
Bukka I - Head of the Thengalai group
Abdul Razak - Head of the V adagalai group.
Amukta Malayatha - Foreign Writer
V edhantha Desikar - Krishna Devaraya
Manavala mahamuni - The first ruler of V ijaya Nagar empire
V . Answer the Following Briefly:
1) What are the sources to know about the Vijaya Nagar
empire?
2) Write notes about the great king  Krishna Devaraya?
3) What are the four dynasties which ruled the Vijaya Nagar
empire?
4) Who were the T elugu leading scholars during the period of
Krishna Devarayar?
5) Write about V adagalai and Thengalai.
VI. Answer in Detail:
1) How did the Vijaya Nagar emperors patronise the art
and architecture.
2) Describe the contributions of Vijaya Nagar rulers to the
growth of language and literature?
3) Write about the social conditions and cultural impact during
the period of Vijaya Nagar empire.
UNIT – III
THE NAYAK RULE IN MADURAI:   1529AD. - 1739 AD.
The Nayak rule in T amilnadu was established by the V ijayanagar
emperors. Krishna devaraya popularised the Nayak system. King
Achyutharaya had 200 Nayaks under his control. Among them, the
Nayaks of Madurai, T anjore, Ginjee and V ellore were important. After
the battle of T alikotta and after the downfall of Vijayanagar empire the
Nayaks emerged as an independent rulers. The Nayak rule lasted for a
century .
Sources: W e have lot of epigraphic and literary sources for the study
of the Nayaks. Inscriptions give details about the donations made by
the Nayak rulers to Brahmins and temples. The  monuments reveal the
culture of the Nayaks. The letters of Fernao Nuniz, Domingo Poes and
Jesuits are very important sources. Factory records of Portuguese, the
Dutch and the English are useful to know the Nayak rule.
60 61
Nayankara System: Krishnadevaraya extended this system to T amil
country . According to this system, king was considered as owner of all
land. Those who received lands from the king were also called Nayaks.
In return the Nayaks had to pay a fixed amount and send an army
whenever the king needed. The Nayaks carried on the administration
in the name of the King. They presented gifts and money to the King on
his birthday . This system is known as Nayankara system.
Nayaks of Madurai: On the request from a Pandya king,
Krishnadevaraya deputed his general NagammaNayak to Madurai to
help the Pandya king. Later Krishnadevaraya sent NagammaNayak’s
son ViswanathaNayak and established Nayak rule in Madurai.
Viswanatha Nayak 1529AD.–1564 AD.: Krishnadevaraya
appointed V iswanathaNayak as viceroy or Nayak of Madurai in 1529.
He ruled Madurai for about 35 years.  He was the first Nayak of
Madruai.  He was loyal to Vijayanagar emperors.  Viswanatha Nayak
was assisted by his able Dalavoy Ariyanathar. Viswanatha Nayak
defeated many local chieftains and brought them under his control.
Viswanatha Nayak  introduced poliga system during his
period.In accordance with this system ViswanathaNayak divided his
principality in to 72 palayams.  The new system enabled the Nayaks to
collect  revenue. The poliga system was a semi military and feudal
arrangement. Through which he tightened the imperial hold over the
conquered territory . V iswanatha Nayak brought the hill chief of Kambum
and Gudalur under his control.
He renovated the Ranganatha temple at Srirangam and Rock
temple at Trichy , the temples of Tirunelveli. He brought the Pandyas of
Thenkasi and Kayathar under the poliga system. The streets were
widened. ViswanathaNayak extended the territory of Madurai Nayak
which included Trichy , Salem, Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli. He
brought some parts of chola dominions and the Pandya Kingdom under
his control.  He constructed some forts also.  ViswanathaNayak was
considered as the real founder of the Nayak rule in Madurai.
Dalavoy Ariyanathar: Dalavoy was both the minister and military
general during the period of V iswanathaNayak. He was an administrator
of both civil and military matters. Ariyanathan was the first dalavoy
during the period of ViswanahtaNayak.  He contributed much for the
victories and achievements of ViswanathaNayak.
Krishnappa Nayak 1564 AD.–1572 AD: He was son of
V iswanathaNayak. During his period the poligas and muslims revolted
against him.  But the revolts were put down by Dalavoy Ariyanathar.
He developed Krishnapuram temple which is a good model for Nayak
architecture.  He renovated and built some temples.
Veerappa Nayak 1572 AD.–1595 AD.: V eerappaNayak, was the
eldest son of KrishnappaNayak. He was a pious and peace loving
ruler.  He was ably assisted by Dalavoy Ariyanathar. He developed the
fort at Trichy and built a new fort at Aruppukottai. He renovated
Chidambaram temple. Improvements were made in Meenakshi T emple
at Madurai. After his demise Krishnappa Nayak II, Muthukrishnappa
Nayak I and Muthuveerappa Nayak I ruled for sometime.
Thirumalai Nayak 1623 AD. – 1659 AD: ThirumalaiNayak was the
greatest among the Nayaks of Madurai.  He transferred the capital
from Trichy to Madurai. He was pious and a genius king.  His kingdom
included Madurai, Tirunelveli, Coimbatore and some parts of
Thiruvanathapuram. He defeated Mysore king Chamarajaudaiyar.
60 61
Nayankara System: Krishnadevaraya extended this system to T amil
country . According to this system, king was considered as owner of all
land. Those who received lands from the king were also called Nayaks.
In return the Nayaks had to pay a fixed amount and send an army
whenever the king needed. The Nayaks carried on the administration
in the name of the King. They presented gifts and money to the King on
his birthday . This system is known as Nayankara system.
Nayaks of Madurai: On the request from a Pandya king,
Krishnadevaraya deputed his general NagammaNayak to Madurai to
help the Pandya king. Later Krishnadevaraya sent NagammaNayak’s
son ViswanathaNayak and established Nayak rule in Madurai.
Viswanatha Nayak 1529AD.–1564 AD.: Krishnadevaraya
appointed V iswanathaNayak as viceroy or Nayak of Madurai in 1529.
He ruled Madurai for about 35 years.  He was the first Nayak of
Madruai.  He was loyal to Vijayanagar emperors.  Viswanatha Nayak
was assisted by his able Dalavoy Ariyanathar. Viswanatha Nayak
defeated many local chieftains and brought them under his control.
Viswanatha Nayak  introduced poliga system during his
period.In accordance with this system ViswanathaNayak divided his
principality in to 72 palayams.  The new system enabled the Nayaks to
collect  revenue. The poliga system was a semi military and feudal
arrangement. Through which he tightened the imperial hold over the
conquered territory . V iswanatha Nayak brought the hill chief of Kambum
and Gudalur under his control.
He renovated the Ranganatha temple at Srirangam and Rock
temple at Trichy , the temples of Tirunelveli. He brought the Pandyas of
Thenkasi and Kayathar under the poliga system. The streets were
widened. ViswanathaNayak extended the territory of Madurai Nayak
which included Trichy , Salem, Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli. He
brought some parts of chola dominions and the Pandya Kingdom under
his control.  He constructed some forts also.  ViswanathaNayak was
considered as the real founder of the Nayak rule in Madurai.
Dalavoy Ariyanathar: Dalavoy was both the minister and military
general during the period of V iswanathaNayak. He was an administrator
of both civil and military matters. Ariyanathan was the first dalavoy
during the period of ViswanahtaNayak.  He contributed much for the
victories and achievements of ViswanathaNayak.
Krishnappa Nayak 1564 AD.–1572 AD: He was son of
V iswanathaNayak. During his period the poligas and muslims revolted
against him.  But the revolts were put down by Dalavoy Ariyanathar.
He developed Krishnapuram temple which is a good model for Nayak
architecture.  He renovated and built some temples.
Veerappa Nayak 1572 AD.–1595 AD.: V eerappaNayak, was the
eldest son of KrishnappaNayak. He was a pious and peace loving
ruler.  He was ably assisted by Dalavoy Ariyanathar. He developed the
fort at Trichy and built a new fort at Aruppukottai. He renovated
Chidambaram temple. Improvements were made in Meenakshi T emple
at Madurai. After his demise Krishnappa Nayak II, Muthukrishnappa
Nayak I and Muthuveerappa Nayak I ruled for sometime.
Thirumalai Nayak 1623 AD. – 1659 AD: ThirumalaiNayak was the
greatest among the Nayaks of Madurai.  He transferred the capital
from Trichy to Madurai. He was pious and a genius king.  His kingdom
included Madurai, Tirunelveli, Coimbatore and some parts of
Thiruvanathapuram. He defeated Mysore king Chamarajaudaiyar.
Page 4


58 59
III. Fill in the blanks:
1) _______, _______ were the two brothers established the
Vijaya Nagar empire
2) Meykandar wrote ________,  _________
3) ______ was the first ruler of Vijaya Nagar empire.
4) The battle of T alikkota was fought in the year______
5) Maduravijayam was written by ________
IV . Match the Following:
Bukka I - Head of the Thengalai group
Abdul Razak - Head of the V adagalai group.
Amukta Malayatha - Foreign Writer
V edhantha Desikar - Krishna Devaraya
Manavala mahamuni - The first ruler of V ijaya Nagar empire
V . Answer the Following Briefly:
1) What are the sources to know about the Vijaya Nagar
empire?
2) Write notes about the great king  Krishna Devaraya?
3) What are the four dynasties which ruled the Vijaya Nagar
empire?
4) Who were the T elugu leading scholars during the period of
Krishna Devarayar?
5) Write about V adagalai and Thengalai.
VI. Answer in Detail:
1) How did the Vijaya Nagar emperors patronise the art
and architecture.
2) Describe the contributions of Vijaya Nagar rulers to the
growth of language and literature?
3) Write about the social conditions and cultural impact during
the period of Vijaya Nagar empire.
UNIT – III
THE NAYAK RULE IN MADURAI:   1529AD. - 1739 AD.
The Nayak rule in T amilnadu was established by the V ijayanagar
emperors. Krishna devaraya popularised the Nayak system. King
Achyutharaya had 200 Nayaks under his control. Among them, the
Nayaks of Madurai, T anjore, Ginjee and V ellore were important. After
the battle of T alikotta and after the downfall of Vijayanagar empire the
Nayaks emerged as an independent rulers. The Nayak rule lasted for a
century .
Sources: W e have lot of epigraphic and literary sources for the study
of the Nayaks. Inscriptions give details about the donations made by
the Nayak rulers to Brahmins and temples. The  monuments reveal the
culture of the Nayaks. The letters of Fernao Nuniz, Domingo Poes and
Jesuits are very important sources. Factory records of Portuguese, the
Dutch and the English are useful to know the Nayak rule.
60 61
Nayankara System: Krishnadevaraya extended this system to T amil
country . According to this system, king was considered as owner of all
land. Those who received lands from the king were also called Nayaks.
In return the Nayaks had to pay a fixed amount and send an army
whenever the king needed. The Nayaks carried on the administration
in the name of the King. They presented gifts and money to the King on
his birthday . This system is known as Nayankara system.
Nayaks of Madurai: On the request from a Pandya king,
Krishnadevaraya deputed his general NagammaNayak to Madurai to
help the Pandya king. Later Krishnadevaraya sent NagammaNayak’s
son ViswanathaNayak and established Nayak rule in Madurai.
Viswanatha Nayak 1529AD.–1564 AD.: Krishnadevaraya
appointed V iswanathaNayak as viceroy or Nayak of Madurai in 1529.
He ruled Madurai for about 35 years.  He was the first Nayak of
Madruai.  He was loyal to Vijayanagar emperors.  Viswanatha Nayak
was assisted by his able Dalavoy Ariyanathar. Viswanatha Nayak
defeated many local chieftains and brought them under his control.
Viswanatha Nayak  introduced poliga system during his
period.In accordance with this system ViswanathaNayak divided his
principality in to 72 palayams.  The new system enabled the Nayaks to
collect  revenue. The poliga system was a semi military and feudal
arrangement. Through which he tightened the imperial hold over the
conquered territory . V iswanatha Nayak brought the hill chief of Kambum
and Gudalur under his control.
He renovated the Ranganatha temple at Srirangam and Rock
temple at Trichy , the temples of Tirunelveli. He brought the Pandyas of
Thenkasi and Kayathar under the poliga system. The streets were
widened. ViswanathaNayak extended the territory of Madurai Nayak
which included Trichy , Salem, Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli. He
brought some parts of chola dominions and the Pandya Kingdom under
his control.  He constructed some forts also.  ViswanathaNayak was
considered as the real founder of the Nayak rule in Madurai.
Dalavoy Ariyanathar: Dalavoy was both the minister and military
general during the period of V iswanathaNayak. He was an administrator
of both civil and military matters. Ariyanathan was the first dalavoy
during the period of ViswanahtaNayak.  He contributed much for the
victories and achievements of ViswanathaNayak.
Krishnappa Nayak 1564 AD.–1572 AD: He was son of
V iswanathaNayak. During his period the poligas and muslims revolted
against him.  But the revolts were put down by Dalavoy Ariyanathar.
He developed Krishnapuram temple which is a good model for Nayak
architecture.  He renovated and built some temples.
Veerappa Nayak 1572 AD.–1595 AD.: V eerappaNayak, was the
eldest son of KrishnappaNayak. He was a pious and peace loving
ruler.  He was ably assisted by Dalavoy Ariyanathar. He developed the
fort at Trichy and built a new fort at Aruppukottai. He renovated
Chidambaram temple. Improvements were made in Meenakshi T emple
at Madurai. After his demise Krishnappa Nayak II, Muthukrishnappa
Nayak I and Muthuveerappa Nayak I ruled for sometime.
Thirumalai Nayak 1623 AD. – 1659 AD: ThirumalaiNayak was the
greatest among the Nayaks of Madurai.  He transferred the capital
from Trichy to Madurai. He was pious and a genius king.  His kingdom
included Madurai, Tirunelveli, Coimbatore and some parts of
Thiruvanathapuram. He defeated Mysore king Chamarajaudaiyar.
60 61
Nayankara System: Krishnadevaraya extended this system to T amil
country . According to this system, king was considered as owner of all
land. Those who received lands from the king were also called Nayaks.
In return the Nayaks had to pay a fixed amount and send an army
whenever the king needed. The Nayaks carried on the administration
in the name of the King. They presented gifts and money to the King on
his birthday . This system is known as Nayankara system.
Nayaks of Madurai: On the request from a Pandya king,
Krishnadevaraya deputed his general NagammaNayak to Madurai to
help the Pandya king. Later Krishnadevaraya sent NagammaNayak’s
son ViswanathaNayak and established Nayak rule in Madurai.
Viswanatha Nayak 1529AD.–1564 AD.: Krishnadevaraya
appointed V iswanathaNayak as viceroy or Nayak of Madurai in 1529.
He ruled Madurai for about 35 years.  He was the first Nayak of
Madruai.  He was loyal to Vijayanagar emperors.  Viswanatha Nayak
was assisted by his able Dalavoy Ariyanathar. Viswanatha Nayak
defeated many local chieftains and brought them under his control.
Viswanatha Nayak  introduced poliga system during his
period.In accordance with this system ViswanathaNayak divided his
principality in to 72 palayams.  The new system enabled the Nayaks to
collect  revenue. The poliga system was a semi military and feudal
arrangement. Through which he tightened the imperial hold over the
conquered territory . V iswanatha Nayak brought the hill chief of Kambum
and Gudalur under his control.
He renovated the Ranganatha temple at Srirangam and Rock
temple at Trichy , the temples of Tirunelveli. He brought the Pandyas of
Thenkasi and Kayathar under the poliga system. The streets were
widened. ViswanathaNayak extended the territory of Madurai Nayak
which included Trichy , Salem, Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli. He
brought some parts of chola dominions and the Pandya Kingdom under
his control.  He constructed some forts also.  ViswanathaNayak was
considered as the real founder of the Nayak rule in Madurai.
Dalavoy Ariyanathar: Dalavoy was both the minister and military
general during the period of V iswanathaNayak. He was an administrator
of both civil and military matters. Ariyanathan was the first dalavoy
during the period of ViswanahtaNayak.  He contributed much for the
victories and achievements of ViswanathaNayak.
Krishnappa Nayak 1564 AD.–1572 AD: He was son of
V iswanathaNayak. During his period the poligas and muslims revolted
against him.  But the revolts were put down by Dalavoy Ariyanathar.
He developed Krishnapuram temple which is a good model for Nayak
architecture.  He renovated and built some temples.
Veerappa Nayak 1572 AD.–1595 AD.: V eerappaNayak, was the
eldest son of KrishnappaNayak. He was a pious and peace loving
ruler.  He was ably assisted by Dalavoy Ariyanathar. He developed the
fort at Trichy and built a new fort at Aruppukottai. He renovated
Chidambaram temple. Improvements were made in Meenakshi T emple
at Madurai. After his demise Krishnappa Nayak II, Muthukrishnappa
Nayak I and Muthuveerappa Nayak I ruled for sometime.
Thirumalai Nayak 1623 AD. – 1659 AD: ThirumalaiNayak was the
greatest among the Nayaks of Madurai.  He transferred the capital
from Trichy to Madurai. He was pious and a genius king.  His kingdom
included Madurai, Tirunelveli, Coimbatore and some parts of
Thiruvanathapuram. He defeated Mysore king Chamarajaudaiyar.
62 63
He freed himself from the control of V ijayanagar souverignity and became
an independent ruler.
He built many forts. He renovated many temples. By introducing
many more festivals, he made Madurai as city of festivals. Theppakulam,
Thirumalai Nayakar Mahal, Pudhu mandapam, Raja gopuram were
some of his contributions. He partionised art and architecture. He built
choultries, gopurams, palaces in Madurai. He donated a number of
villages for the maintenance of temples.
The Battle of Noses: ThirumalaiNayak defeated the Mysore ruler
KanthiravanarasaNayak at Dindigul. Barbarious punishments were given
to the war prisoners. They cut off the noses and upper lips of the war
prisoners. So this war has been called the “W ar of Noses”.
Tirumalai Nayakar Mahal: ThirumalaiNayakar mahal built at
Madurai during the period of ThirumalaiNayak is the unique example
for architectural work. The arches, domes and large pillars of the mahal
attracted the pilgrims of various places.
Rani Mangammal: 1689 AD.– 1706 AD.: She was a good
administrator and courageous general.  She had diplomatically dealt
with the mughal army and avoided a defeat.  She defeated and brought
King Ravivarma of Trivancore under her control. She had successfully
defeated the Mysore invador brought Trichy and Tanjore under her
control.
Rani Mangammal donated lands to muslims, brahmins and she
also patronised christians.  She built many irrigational tanks for the
development of agriculture. Rani Mangammal successfully completed
many public works, like digging wells, and canals, laying roads, building
choultries, mandapams, temples, planting trees on both sides of the
road.  The Mangammal choultry in Madurai is the good example of art
and architecture of Rani Mangammal.
Vijayaranga Chokkanathar 1706AD. – 1732 AD: He was not a
powerful leader.
Meenakshi 1732AD. – 1739 AD: Meenakshi the wife of V ijayaranga
Chokkanathar was the last ruler of Madurai Nayaks.  During her period
T anjore, Dindigul, Trichy and Madurai were attacked by Arcot Nawab.
Meenakshi was arrested and poisoned to death.  Thus the rule of Nayaks
of Madurai was brought to an end by the Nawabs.
THE NAYAKS OF TANJORE 1532AD. – 1637AD.
SevvappaNayak 1532AD.–1580AD: Vijayanagara king
Achyutharaya appointed SevvappaNayak as the Nayak of Tanjore.
He was the first Nayak of Tanjore. His dominion included the
Cholamandalam and Thondaimandalam. During the T alikotta war and
Trivancore war Sevvappa Nayak gave military help to his overlord
Page 5


58 59
III. Fill in the blanks:
1) _______, _______ were the two brothers established the
Vijaya Nagar empire
2) Meykandar wrote ________,  _________
3) ______ was the first ruler of Vijaya Nagar empire.
4) The battle of T alikkota was fought in the year______
5) Maduravijayam was written by ________
IV . Match the Following:
Bukka I - Head of the Thengalai group
Abdul Razak - Head of the V adagalai group.
Amukta Malayatha - Foreign Writer
V edhantha Desikar - Krishna Devaraya
Manavala mahamuni - The first ruler of V ijaya Nagar empire
V . Answer the Following Briefly:
1) What are the sources to know about the Vijaya Nagar
empire?
2) Write notes about the great king  Krishna Devaraya?
3) What are the four dynasties which ruled the Vijaya Nagar
empire?
4) Who were the T elugu leading scholars during the period of
Krishna Devarayar?
5) Write about V adagalai and Thengalai.
VI. Answer in Detail:
1) How did the Vijaya Nagar emperors patronise the art
and architecture.
2) Describe the contributions of Vijaya Nagar rulers to the
growth of language and literature?
3) Write about the social conditions and cultural impact during
the period of Vijaya Nagar empire.
UNIT – III
THE NAYAK RULE IN MADURAI:   1529AD. - 1739 AD.
The Nayak rule in T amilnadu was established by the V ijayanagar
emperors. Krishna devaraya popularised the Nayak system. King
Achyutharaya had 200 Nayaks under his control. Among them, the
Nayaks of Madurai, T anjore, Ginjee and V ellore were important. After
the battle of T alikotta and after the downfall of Vijayanagar empire the
Nayaks emerged as an independent rulers. The Nayak rule lasted for a
century .
Sources: W e have lot of epigraphic and literary sources for the study
of the Nayaks. Inscriptions give details about the donations made by
the Nayak rulers to Brahmins and temples. The  monuments reveal the
culture of the Nayaks. The letters of Fernao Nuniz, Domingo Poes and
Jesuits are very important sources. Factory records of Portuguese, the
Dutch and the English are useful to know the Nayak rule.
60 61
Nayankara System: Krishnadevaraya extended this system to T amil
country . According to this system, king was considered as owner of all
land. Those who received lands from the king were also called Nayaks.
In return the Nayaks had to pay a fixed amount and send an army
whenever the king needed. The Nayaks carried on the administration
in the name of the King. They presented gifts and money to the King on
his birthday . This system is known as Nayankara system.
Nayaks of Madurai: On the request from a Pandya king,
Krishnadevaraya deputed his general NagammaNayak to Madurai to
help the Pandya king. Later Krishnadevaraya sent NagammaNayak’s
son ViswanathaNayak and established Nayak rule in Madurai.
Viswanatha Nayak 1529AD.–1564 AD.: Krishnadevaraya
appointed V iswanathaNayak as viceroy or Nayak of Madurai in 1529.
He ruled Madurai for about 35 years.  He was the first Nayak of
Madruai.  He was loyal to Vijayanagar emperors.  Viswanatha Nayak
was assisted by his able Dalavoy Ariyanathar. Viswanatha Nayak
defeated many local chieftains and brought them under his control.
Viswanatha Nayak  introduced poliga system during his
period.In accordance with this system ViswanathaNayak divided his
principality in to 72 palayams.  The new system enabled the Nayaks to
collect  revenue. The poliga system was a semi military and feudal
arrangement. Through which he tightened the imperial hold over the
conquered territory . V iswanatha Nayak brought the hill chief of Kambum
and Gudalur under his control.
He renovated the Ranganatha temple at Srirangam and Rock
temple at Trichy , the temples of Tirunelveli. He brought the Pandyas of
Thenkasi and Kayathar under the poliga system. The streets were
widened. ViswanathaNayak extended the territory of Madurai Nayak
which included Trichy , Salem, Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli. He
brought some parts of chola dominions and the Pandya Kingdom under
his control.  He constructed some forts also.  ViswanathaNayak was
considered as the real founder of the Nayak rule in Madurai.
Dalavoy Ariyanathar: Dalavoy was both the minister and military
general during the period of V iswanathaNayak. He was an administrator
of both civil and military matters. Ariyanathan was the first dalavoy
during the period of ViswanahtaNayak.  He contributed much for the
victories and achievements of ViswanathaNayak.
Krishnappa Nayak 1564 AD.–1572 AD: He was son of
V iswanathaNayak. During his period the poligas and muslims revolted
against him.  But the revolts were put down by Dalavoy Ariyanathar.
He developed Krishnapuram temple which is a good model for Nayak
architecture.  He renovated and built some temples.
Veerappa Nayak 1572 AD.–1595 AD.: V eerappaNayak, was the
eldest son of KrishnappaNayak. He was a pious and peace loving
ruler.  He was ably assisted by Dalavoy Ariyanathar. He developed the
fort at Trichy and built a new fort at Aruppukottai. He renovated
Chidambaram temple. Improvements were made in Meenakshi T emple
at Madurai. After his demise Krishnappa Nayak II, Muthukrishnappa
Nayak I and Muthuveerappa Nayak I ruled for sometime.
Thirumalai Nayak 1623 AD. – 1659 AD: ThirumalaiNayak was the
greatest among the Nayaks of Madurai.  He transferred the capital
from Trichy to Madurai. He was pious and a genius king.  His kingdom
included Madurai, Tirunelveli, Coimbatore and some parts of
Thiruvanathapuram. He defeated Mysore king Chamarajaudaiyar.
60 61
Nayankara System: Krishnadevaraya extended this system to T amil
country . According to this system, king was considered as owner of all
land. Those who received lands from the king were also called Nayaks.
In return the Nayaks had to pay a fixed amount and send an army
whenever the king needed. The Nayaks carried on the administration
in the name of the King. They presented gifts and money to the King on
his birthday . This system is known as Nayankara system.
Nayaks of Madurai: On the request from a Pandya king,
Krishnadevaraya deputed his general NagammaNayak to Madurai to
help the Pandya king. Later Krishnadevaraya sent NagammaNayak’s
son ViswanathaNayak and established Nayak rule in Madurai.
Viswanatha Nayak 1529AD.–1564 AD.: Krishnadevaraya
appointed V iswanathaNayak as viceroy or Nayak of Madurai in 1529.
He ruled Madurai for about 35 years.  He was the first Nayak of
Madruai.  He was loyal to Vijayanagar emperors.  Viswanatha Nayak
was assisted by his able Dalavoy Ariyanathar. Viswanatha Nayak
defeated many local chieftains and brought them under his control.
Viswanatha Nayak  introduced poliga system during his
period.In accordance with this system ViswanathaNayak divided his
principality in to 72 palayams.  The new system enabled the Nayaks to
collect  revenue. The poliga system was a semi military and feudal
arrangement. Through which he tightened the imperial hold over the
conquered territory . V iswanatha Nayak brought the hill chief of Kambum
and Gudalur under his control.
He renovated the Ranganatha temple at Srirangam and Rock
temple at Trichy , the temples of Tirunelveli. He brought the Pandyas of
Thenkasi and Kayathar under the poliga system. The streets were
widened. ViswanathaNayak extended the territory of Madurai Nayak
which included Trichy , Salem, Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli. He
brought some parts of chola dominions and the Pandya Kingdom under
his control.  He constructed some forts also.  ViswanathaNayak was
considered as the real founder of the Nayak rule in Madurai.
Dalavoy Ariyanathar: Dalavoy was both the minister and military
general during the period of V iswanathaNayak. He was an administrator
of both civil and military matters. Ariyanathan was the first dalavoy
during the period of ViswanahtaNayak.  He contributed much for the
victories and achievements of ViswanathaNayak.
Krishnappa Nayak 1564 AD.–1572 AD: He was son of
V iswanathaNayak. During his period the poligas and muslims revolted
against him.  But the revolts were put down by Dalavoy Ariyanathar.
He developed Krishnapuram temple which is a good model for Nayak
architecture.  He renovated and built some temples.
Veerappa Nayak 1572 AD.–1595 AD.: V eerappaNayak, was the
eldest son of KrishnappaNayak. He was a pious and peace loving
ruler.  He was ably assisted by Dalavoy Ariyanathar. He developed the
fort at Trichy and built a new fort at Aruppukottai. He renovated
Chidambaram temple. Improvements were made in Meenakshi T emple
at Madurai. After his demise Krishnappa Nayak II, Muthukrishnappa
Nayak I and Muthuveerappa Nayak I ruled for sometime.
Thirumalai Nayak 1623 AD. – 1659 AD: ThirumalaiNayak was the
greatest among the Nayaks of Madurai.  He transferred the capital
from Trichy to Madurai. He was pious and a genius king.  His kingdom
included Madurai, Tirunelveli, Coimbatore and some parts of
Thiruvanathapuram. He defeated Mysore king Chamarajaudaiyar.
62 63
He freed himself from the control of V ijayanagar souverignity and became
an independent ruler.
He built many forts. He renovated many temples. By introducing
many more festivals, he made Madurai as city of festivals. Theppakulam,
Thirumalai Nayakar Mahal, Pudhu mandapam, Raja gopuram were
some of his contributions. He partionised art and architecture. He built
choultries, gopurams, palaces in Madurai. He donated a number of
villages for the maintenance of temples.
The Battle of Noses: ThirumalaiNayak defeated the Mysore ruler
KanthiravanarasaNayak at Dindigul. Barbarious punishments were given
to the war prisoners. They cut off the noses and upper lips of the war
prisoners. So this war has been called the “W ar of Noses”.
Tirumalai Nayakar Mahal: ThirumalaiNayakar mahal built at
Madurai during the period of ThirumalaiNayak is the unique example
for architectural work. The arches, domes and large pillars of the mahal
attracted the pilgrims of various places.
Rani Mangammal: 1689 AD.– 1706 AD.: She was a good
administrator and courageous general.  She had diplomatically dealt
with the mughal army and avoided a defeat.  She defeated and brought
King Ravivarma of Trivancore under her control. She had successfully
defeated the Mysore invador brought Trichy and Tanjore under her
control.
Rani Mangammal donated lands to muslims, brahmins and she
also patronised christians.  She built many irrigational tanks for the
development of agriculture. Rani Mangammal successfully completed
many public works, like digging wells, and canals, laying roads, building
choultries, mandapams, temples, planting trees on both sides of the
road.  The Mangammal choultry in Madurai is the good example of art
and architecture of Rani Mangammal.
Vijayaranga Chokkanathar 1706AD. – 1732 AD: He was not a
powerful leader.
Meenakshi 1732AD. – 1739 AD: Meenakshi the wife of V ijayaranga
Chokkanathar was the last ruler of Madurai Nayaks.  During her period
T anjore, Dindigul, Trichy and Madurai were attacked by Arcot Nawab.
Meenakshi was arrested and poisoned to death.  Thus the rule of Nayaks
of Madurai was brought to an end by the Nawabs.
THE NAYAKS OF TANJORE 1532AD. – 1637AD.
SevvappaNayak 1532AD.–1580AD: Vijayanagara king
Achyutharaya appointed SevvappaNayak as the Nayak of Tanjore.
He was the first Nayak of Tanjore. His dominion included the
Cholamandalam and Thondaimandalam. During the T alikotta war and
Trivancore war Sevvappa Nayak gave military help to his overlord
62 63
He freed himself from the control of V ijayanagar souverignity and became
an independent ruler.
He built many forts. He renovated many temples. By introducing
many more festivals, he made Madurai as city of festivals. Theppakulam,
Thirumalai Nayakar Mahal, Pudhu mandapam, Raja gopuram were
some of his contributions. He partionised art and architecture. He built
choultries, gopurams, palaces in Madurai. He donated a number of
villages for the maintenance of temples.
The Battle of Noses: ThirumalaiNayak defeated the Mysore ruler
KanthiravanarasaNayak at Dindigul. Barbarious punishments were given
to the war prisoners. They cut off the noses and upper lips of the war
prisoners. So this war has been called the “W ar of Noses”.
Tirumalai Nayakar Mahal: ThirumalaiNayakar mahal built at
Madurai during the period of ThirumalaiNayak is the unique example
for architectural work. The arches, domes and large pillars of the mahal
attracted the pilgrims of various places.
Rani Mangammal: 1689 AD.– 1706 AD.: She was a good
administrator and courageous general.  She had diplomatically dealt
with the mughal army and avoided a defeat.  She defeated and brought
King Ravivarma of Trivancore under her control. She had successfully
defeated the Mysore invador brought Trichy and Tanjore under her
control.
Rani Mangammal donated lands to muslims, brahmins and she
also patronised christians.  She built many irrigational tanks for the
development of agriculture. Rani Mangammal successfully completed
many public works, like digging wells, and canals, laying roads, building
choultries, mandapams, temples, planting trees on both sides of the
road.  The Mangammal choultry in Madurai is the good example of art
and architecture of Rani Mangammal.
Vijayaranga Chokkanathar 1706AD. – 1732 AD: He was not a
powerful leader.
Meenakshi 1732AD. – 1739 AD: Meenakshi the wife of V ijayaranga
Chokkanathar was the last ruler of Madurai Nayaks.  During her period
T anjore, Dindigul, Trichy and Madurai were attacked by Arcot Nawab.
Meenakshi was arrested and poisoned to death.  Thus the rule of Nayaks
of Madurai was brought to an end by the Nawabs.
THE NAYAKS OF TANJORE 1532AD. – 1637AD.
SevvappaNayak 1532AD.–1580AD: Vijayanagara king
Achyutharaya appointed SevvappaNayak as the Nayak of Tanjore.
He was the first Nayak of Tanjore. His dominion included the
Cholamandalam and Thondaimandalam. During the T alikotta war and
Trivancore war Sevvappa Nayak gave military help to his overlord