SSC CGL Previous Year Questions (2023-20): Economics - 3 | SSC CGL Previous Year Papers PDF Download

 Page 1


 Pinnacle  Economics 
 economic  activity  and  also  reduction  of 
 tariff  or  removal  of  non-tariff  barriers. 
 The  policy  of  liberalisation,  privatisation 
 and  globalisation  was  announced  as  the 
 New  Economic  Policy  by  the  Prime 
 Minister Narsimha Rao in 1991. 
 Q.380.  Which  of  these  is  one  of  the  fall 
 out of the industrial licensing system? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Large industrial houses availed 
 licences to prevent competition 
 (b) Most licences were used up by 
 backward states 
 (c) Most licences were for importing 
 goods 
 (d) Many small private ?rms appropriated 
 licences 
 Sol.380.(a)  The  Industrial  licensing  was 
 abolished  for  all  projects  except  for  a 
 short  list  of  industries  through  the 
 amendments  in  NIP  (New  Industrial 
 Policy) in the year 1991. 
 Q.381.  The  estimation  of  poverty  line  in 
 India  is  based  on  the  survey  conducted 
 by which of the following? 
 SSC CHSL 11/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Ministry of Finance 
 (b) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) 
 (c) Ministry of Rural Development 
 (d) National Statistical O?ce (NSO) 
 Sol.381.(d)  National  Statistical  O?ce 
 (NSO).  Poverty  estimation  in  India  is 
 carried  out  by  NITI  Aayog's  task  force 
 through  the  calculation  of  the  poverty 
 line  based  on  data  captured  by  the 
 National  Sample  Survey  O?ce  (NSSO) 
 under  the  Ministry  of  Statistics  and 
 Programme Implementation (MOSPI). 
 Q.382.  Sociologist  Jan  Breman 
 described  the  change  in  the  nature  of  the 
 relationship  between  landlords, 
 belonging  to  the  dominant  class,  and 
 agricultural  workers,  belonging  to  the  low 
 caste, as a shift from___________ . 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) tenant to tiller 
 (b) patronage to exploitation 
 (c) exploitation to patronage 
 (d) bonded labour to free labour 
 Sol.382.(b)  patronage  to  exploitation  - 
 Jan  Breman  (Dutch  sociologist)  -  Known 
 for  the  concept  "footloose  labour"  in 
 India. 
 Q.383.  Which  of  these  is  a  conventional 
 weaker  section  lending  under  the  formal 
 sector? 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Money lenders 
 (b) Self help group bank linkage model rat 
 (c) Micro ?nance institutions 
 (d) Commercial banks priority sector 
 lending 
 Sol.383.(d)  Commercial  banks  priority 
 sector  lending.  Priority  Sectors  Lending 
 is  the  role  exercised  by  the  RBI  to  banks, 
 imploring  them  to  dedicate  funds  for 
 speci?c  sectors  of  the  economy  like 
 agriculture  and  allied  activities, 
 education and housing and food for the 
 poorer population, etc.. 
 Q.384.  Which  of  the  following  can  be 
 referred to in the estimation of poverty? 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Average Marginal Utility 
 (b) Maximum Support Value 
 (c) Minimum Support Price 
 (d) Monthly Per Capita Expenditure 
 Sol.384.(d)  Monthly  Per  Capita 
 Expenditure  -  Total  expenditure  divided 
 by  the  total  population  of  a  given 
 economy.  Poverty  Estimation  in  India  :  It 
 is  based  on  the  income  or  consumption 
 levels  and  if  the  income  or  consumption 
 falls  below  a  given  minimum  level,  then 
 the  household  is  said  to  be  Below  the 
 Poverty Line (BPL). 
 Q.385  .  The  national  poverty  line  for 
 2011-12  was  estimated  at____  per  capita 
 per month for urban areas of India. 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) ? 3,000  (b) ? 1,000 
 (c) ? 2,000  (d) ? 1,500 
 Sol.385.(b)  ?  1,000.  For  rural  areas  the 
 national  poverty  line  using  the  Tendulkar 
 methodology is estimated at Rs. 816 per 
 capita per month. 
 Q.386.  In  India,  what  type  of 
 unemployment  is  created  due  to  lack  of 
 employable  skills  among  the  educated 
 youths in India? 
 SSC CGL 27/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Structural unemployment 
 (b) Educated unemployment 
 (c) Cyclical unemployment 
 (d) Technological unemployment 
 Sol.386.(b)  Educated  unemployment. 
 Structural  unemployment  -  It  is  a  category 
 of  unemployment  arising  from  the 
 mismatch  between  the  jobs  available  in 
 the  market  and  the  skills  of  the  available 
 workers  in  the  market.  Technological 
 unemployment  -  It  is  the  loss  of  jobs  due 
 to changes in technology. 
 Q.387.  Which  of  the  following 
 unemployment  is  the  result  of 
 depression in an economy? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Cyclical unemployment 
 (b) Frictional unemployment 
 (c) Seasonal unemployment 
 (d) Structural unemployment 
 Sol.387.(a)  Cyclical  unemployment  -  It 
 occurs  with  changes  in  economic  activity 
 over  the  business  cycle.  Example  -  A 
 worker  who  loses  his  job  because  of 
 layoffs during a recession. 
 Q.388.  _________  unemployment  refers  to 
 the  lowest  unemployment  level  a  healthy 
 economy  can  sustain  without  causing 
 in?ation. 
 SSC MTS 12/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Structural  (b) Disguised 
 (c) Natural  (d) Frictional 
 Sol.388.(c)  Natural.  Disguised 
 Unemployment  is  a  kind  of 
 unemployment  in  which  there  are  people 
 who  are  visibly  employed  but  are  actually 
 unemployed. 
 Q.389.  Formula  to  ?nd  the 
 unemployment rate is  . 
 SSC MTS 13/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) (Unemployed male workers/Total 
 labour force) × 1000 
 (b) (Unemployed workers/Total labour 
 force) × 100 
 (c) (Employed workers/Total labour 
 force) × 100 
 (d) (Employed workers/Male labour 
 force) × 100 
 Sol.389.(b)  (Unemployed  workers/Total 
 labour  force)  ×  100.  Statistics  on 
 unemployment  in  India  had  traditionally 
 been  collected,  compiled  and 
 disseminated  once  every  ten  years  by  the 
 Ministry  of  Labour  and  Employment 
 (MLE). 
 Q.390.  Which  among  the  following  types 
 of  unemployment  is  also  known  as  the 
 real wage unemployment? 
 SSC MTS 16/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) classical  (b) seasonal 
 (c) structural  (d) frictional 
 Sol.390.(a)  Classical.  Real  wage 
 unemployment  occurs when wages are 
 set  above  the  equilibrium  level  causing 
 the  supply  of  labour  to  be  greater  than 
 demand. 
 Q.391.  In  pre-independent  India,  who  was 
 the  ?rst  person  to  discuss  the  concept  of 
 the poverty line? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) M.K Gandhi 
 (b) Mahadev Govind Ranade 
 (c) B.R. Ambedkar 
 (d) Dadabhai Naoroji 
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Page 2


 Pinnacle  Economics 
 economic  activity  and  also  reduction  of 
 tariff  or  removal  of  non-tariff  barriers. 
 The  policy  of  liberalisation,  privatisation 
 and  globalisation  was  announced  as  the 
 New  Economic  Policy  by  the  Prime 
 Minister Narsimha Rao in 1991. 
 Q.380.  Which  of  these  is  one  of  the  fall 
 out of the industrial licensing system? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Large industrial houses availed 
 licences to prevent competition 
 (b) Most licences were used up by 
 backward states 
 (c) Most licences were for importing 
 goods 
 (d) Many small private ?rms appropriated 
 licences 
 Sol.380.(a)  The  Industrial  licensing  was 
 abolished  for  all  projects  except  for  a 
 short  list  of  industries  through  the 
 amendments  in  NIP  (New  Industrial 
 Policy) in the year 1991. 
 Q.381.  The  estimation  of  poverty  line  in 
 India  is  based  on  the  survey  conducted 
 by which of the following? 
 SSC CHSL 11/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Ministry of Finance 
 (b) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) 
 (c) Ministry of Rural Development 
 (d) National Statistical O?ce (NSO) 
 Sol.381.(d)  National  Statistical  O?ce 
 (NSO).  Poverty  estimation  in  India  is 
 carried  out  by  NITI  Aayog's  task  force 
 through  the  calculation  of  the  poverty 
 line  based  on  data  captured  by  the 
 National  Sample  Survey  O?ce  (NSSO) 
 under  the  Ministry  of  Statistics  and 
 Programme Implementation (MOSPI). 
 Q.382.  Sociologist  Jan  Breman 
 described  the  change  in  the  nature  of  the 
 relationship  between  landlords, 
 belonging  to  the  dominant  class,  and 
 agricultural  workers,  belonging  to  the  low 
 caste, as a shift from___________ . 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) tenant to tiller 
 (b) patronage to exploitation 
 (c) exploitation to patronage 
 (d) bonded labour to free labour 
 Sol.382.(b)  patronage  to  exploitation  - 
 Jan  Breman  (Dutch  sociologist)  -  Known 
 for  the  concept  "footloose  labour"  in 
 India. 
 Q.383.  Which  of  these  is  a  conventional 
 weaker  section  lending  under  the  formal 
 sector? 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Money lenders 
 (b) Self help group bank linkage model rat 
 (c) Micro ?nance institutions 
 (d) Commercial banks priority sector 
 lending 
 Sol.383.(d)  Commercial  banks  priority 
 sector  lending.  Priority  Sectors  Lending 
 is  the  role  exercised  by  the  RBI  to  banks, 
 imploring  them  to  dedicate  funds  for 
 speci?c  sectors  of  the  economy  like 
 agriculture  and  allied  activities, 
 education and housing and food for the 
 poorer population, etc.. 
 Q.384.  Which  of  the  following  can  be 
 referred to in the estimation of poverty? 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Average Marginal Utility 
 (b) Maximum Support Value 
 (c) Minimum Support Price 
 (d) Monthly Per Capita Expenditure 
 Sol.384.(d)  Monthly  Per  Capita 
 Expenditure  -  Total  expenditure  divided 
 by  the  total  population  of  a  given 
 economy.  Poverty  Estimation  in  India  :  It 
 is  based  on  the  income  or  consumption 
 levels  and  if  the  income  or  consumption 
 falls  below  a  given  minimum  level,  then 
 the  household  is  said  to  be  Below  the 
 Poverty Line (BPL). 
 Q.385  .  The  national  poverty  line  for 
 2011-12  was  estimated  at____  per  capita 
 per month for urban areas of India. 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) ? 3,000  (b) ? 1,000 
 (c) ? 2,000  (d) ? 1,500 
 Sol.385.(b)  ?  1,000.  For  rural  areas  the 
 national  poverty  line  using  the  Tendulkar 
 methodology is estimated at Rs. 816 per 
 capita per month. 
 Q.386.  In  India,  what  type  of 
 unemployment  is  created  due  to  lack  of 
 employable  skills  among  the  educated 
 youths in India? 
 SSC CGL 27/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Structural unemployment 
 (b) Educated unemployment 
 (c) Cyclical unemployment 
 (d) Technological unemployment 
 Sol.386.(b)  Educated  unemployment. 
 Structural  unemployment  -  It  is  a  category 
 of  unemployment  arising  from  the 
 mismatch  between  the  jobs  available  in 
 the  market  and  the  skills  of  the  available 
 workers  in  the  market.  Technological 
 unemployment  -  It  is  the  loss  of  jobs  due 
 to changes in technology. 
 Q.387.  Which  of  the  following 
 unemployment  is  the  result  of 
 depression in an economy? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Cyclical unemployment 
 (b) Frictional unemployment 
 (c) Seasonal unemployment 
 (d) Structural unemployment 
 Sol.387.(a)  Cyclical  unemployment  -  It 
 occurs  with  changes  in  economic  activity 
 over  the  business  cycle.  Example  -  A 
 worker  who  loses  his  job  because  of 
 layoffs during a recession. 
 Q.388.  _________  unemployment  refers  to 
 the  lowest  unemployment  level  a  healthy 
 economy  can  sustain  without  causing 
 in?ation. 
 SSC MTS 12/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Structural  (b) Disguised 
 (c) Natural  (d) Frictional 
 Sol.388.(c)  Natural.  Disguised 
 Unemployment  is  a  kind  of 
 unemployment  in  which  there  are  people 
 who  are  visibly  employed  but  are  actually 
 unemployed. 
 Q.389.  Formula  to  ?nd  the 
 unemployment rate is  . 
 SSC MTS 13/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) (Unemployed male workers/Total 
 labour force) × 1000 
 (b) (Unemployed workers/Total labour 
 force) × 100 
 (c) (Employed workers/Total labour 
 force) × 100 
 (d) (Employed workers/Male labour 
 force) × 100 
 Sol.389.(b)  (Unemployed  workers/Total 
 labour  force)  ×  100.  Statistics  on 
 unemployment  in  India  had  traditionally 
 been  collected,  compiled  and 
 disseminated  once  every  ten  years  by  the 
 Ministry  of  Labour  and  Employment 
 (MLE). 
 Q.390.  Which  among  the  following  types 
 of  unemployment  is  also  known  as  the 
 real wage unemployment? 
 SSC MTS 16/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) classical  (b) seasonal 
 (c) structural  (d) frictional 
 Sol.390.(a)  Classical.  Real  wage 
 unemployment  occurs when wages are 
 set  above  the  equilibrium  level  causing 
 the  supply  of  labour  to  be  greater  than 
 demand. 
 Q.391.  In  pre-independent  India,  who  was 
 the  ?rst  person  to  discuss  the  concept  of 
 the poverty line? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) M.K Gandhi 
 (b) Mahadev Govind Ranade 
 (c) B.R. Ambedkar 
 (d) Dadabhai Naoroji 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 401
 Pinnacle  Economics 
 Sol.391.(d)  Dadabhai  Naoroji  (Grand  old 
 man  of  India)  .  He  criticised  the  britisher's 
 policy  of  economic  exploitation  of  India 
 through  his  book  “Poverty  and  Un-british 
 rule  in  India”  in  which  he  made  the 
 earliest  estimation  of  the  poverty  line 
 (?16 to ?35 per capita per year). 
 Q.392.  _______  ,  also  known  as  search 
 unemployment,  occurs  when  workers 
 lose  their  current  job  and  are  in  the 
 process of ?nding another one. 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Voluntary unemployment 
 (b) Disguised unemployment 
 (c) Frictional unemployment 
 (d) Classical unemployment 
 Sol.392.(c)  Frictional  unemployment  . 
 Voluntary  unemployment  is  a  situation 
 when  a  person  is  unemployed  not  due  to 
 unavailability  of  jobs  in  the  economy,  but 
 because  of  not  being  able  to  ?nd 
 employment of his or her own choice. 
 Q.393.  If  unemployment  continues  for 
 long-term  in  a  country,  it  is  called 
 ________ unemployment. 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) casual  (b) technological 
 (c) frictional  (d) Chronic 
 Sol.393.(d)  Chronic  unemployment. 
 Casual  Unemployment:  when  the  worker 
 is  employed  on  a  day-to-day  basis  for  a 
 contractual  job  and  has  to  leave  it  once 
 the contract terminates. 
 Q.394.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements  is  NOT  correct  with  respect 
 to the poverty line? 
 I.  In  India,  it  is  normally  estimated  after 
 every ten years. 
 II.  The  proportion  of  people  below  the 
 poverty  line  is  not  the  same  for  all  social 
 groups and economic categories in India. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.394.(d)  Only  I.  Below  Poverty  Line 
 (BPL)  -  Benchmark  used  by  the 
 government  of  India  to  identify 
 individuals  and  households  in  need  of 
 government assistance and aid. 
 Q.395  .  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  an 
 advantage of E-Commerce? 
 SSC CGL 02/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Cost saving and price reduction 
 (b) Late response to customer needs 
 (c) Wider choice 
 (d) Improved customer services 
 Sol.395.(b)  Late  response  to  customer 
 needs.  E-Commerce  is  a  business  model 
 that  lets  ?rms  and  individuals  buy  and 
 sell  things  over  the  Internet.  Advantages  : 
 increased  productivity  and  perfect 
 competition,  cuts  the  product  distribution 
 chain,  managing  business  easy  and 
 simple.  Disadvantage  :  chance  of 
 fraudulent  ?nancial  transactions  and  loss 
 of sensitive ?nancial information. 
 Q.396.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 classi?cation of E-Commerce? 
 SSC CGL 03/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) B2C (Business-to-Consumer) 
 (b) D2D (Distributor-to-Distributor) 
 (c) C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) 
 (d) B2B (Business-to-Business) 
 Sol.396.(b)  D2D  (Distributor-to- 
 Distributor).  Types  of  e  -  commerce 
 include  B2C  (Business  to  Consumer), 
 B2B  (Business  to  business),  C2C 
 (Consumer  to  Consumer),  P2P  (Peer  to 
 Peer),  and  M  -  Commerce  (Mobile 
 Commerce).  Examples  of  E-Commerce 
 are  Amazon,  Flipkart,  eBay,  Olx,  Quikr, 
 etc. 
 Q.397.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements is correct? 
 I.  The  Family  Welfare  Program  has  sought 
 to  promote  responsible  and  planned 
 parenthood on a mandatory  basis. 
 II.  The  National  Population  Policy  2000 
 provides  a  policy  framework  to  provide 
 free  and  compulsory  education  up  to  the 
 age of 14 years. 
 SSC CGL 03/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) I only 
 (c) II only  (d) Both I and II 
 Sol.397.(c)  II  only.  The  Family  Welfare 
 Programme  (launched  in  1952)  seeks  to 
 promote  responsible  and  planned 
 parenthood  through  voluntary  (not  on  a 
 mandatory  basis)  choice  of  family 
 planning methods. 
 Q.398.  With  respect  to  India’s  foreign 
 trade,  which  year  is  referred  to  as  the 
 year of division? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 2010  (b) 1991  (c) 1981  (d) 1996 
 Sol.398.(b) 1991  . 
 Q.399.  The  government  of  India  initiated 
 the  comprehensive  family  planning 
 programme in the year _____________ 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) 1960  (b) 1991  (c) 1952  (d) 1982 
 Sol.399.(c)  1952.  India  was  the  ?rst 
 country  in  the  world  to  have  launched  a 
 National Programme for Family Planning. 
 Q.400.  Which of the following funds was 
 created  in  2005  to  channelise  funds 
 received  from  disinvestment  proceeds  of 
 PSUs? 
 SSC CPO  09/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) National Public Fund 
 (b) National Investment Fund 
 (c) Disinvestment Fund 
 (d) New Investment Fund 
 Sol.400.(b) National Investment Fund. 
 Aim  -  the  proceeds  from  disinvestment 
 of  Central  Public  Sector  Enterprises  were 
 to be channelized. 
 Q.401.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 cause of rural poverty in India? 
 SSC MTS 14/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Migration from rural areas 
 (b) Lack of alternate employment 
 opportunities other than agriculture 
 (c) Illiteracy 
 (d) Lack of capital 
 Sol.401.(a)  Migration  from  rural  areas. 
 Rural  poverty  often  stems  from  limited 
 access  to  markets,  education,  quality 
 infrastructure,  employment  opportunities, 
 health, and ?nancial products. 
 Q.402.  A  person  is  said  to  be  in  marginal 
 employment  if  she/he  has  worked  for 
 fewer  than  ______  months  in  the  year 
 preceding the Census. 
 SSC MTS 18/07/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 12     (b) 6    (c) 3       (d) 9 
 Sol.402.(b  )  6.  Those  who  had  not 
 worked  for  the  major  part  of  the  year  ( 
 i.e.  those  who  had  worked  for  less  than  6 
 months  or  less  than  183  days  in  a  year) 
 were termed as marginal workers. 
 Q.403.  The  poverty  line  in  India  is 
 normally  estimated  ______  by  conducting 
 sample surveys. 
 SSC MTS 18/07/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) every ten years     (b) every ?ve years 
 (c) every six years      (d) twice a year 
 Sol.403.(b)  every  Five  years  .  These 
 surveys  are  carried  out  by  the  National 
 Sample Survey Organisation  (NSSO). 
 Q.404.  The  Cabinet  Committee  on 
 Economic  Affairs  (CCEA)  approved  an 
 increase  in  the  Minimum  Support  Prices 
 (MSPs)  for  all  mandated  Rabi  crops  for 
 the  marketing  season  2021–22  in  line 
 with  the  recommendations  of  the  ______ 
 Commission. 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Kothari  (b) Nanavati 
 (c) Swaminathan  (d) Mukherjee 
 Sol.404.(c)  Swaminathan  Commission  - 
 The  National  Commission  on  Farmers 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 402
Page 3


 Pinnacle  Economics 
 economic  activity  and  also  reduction  of 
 tariff  or  removal  of  non-tariff  barriers. 
 The  policy  of  liberalisation,  privatisation 
 and  globalisation  was  announced  as  the 
 New  Economic  Policy  by  the  Prime 
 Minister Narsimha Rao in 1991. 
 Q.380.  Which  of  these  is  one  of  the  fall 
 out of the industrial licensing system? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Large industrial houses availed 
 licences to prevent competition 
 (b) Most licences were used up by 
 backward states 
 (c) Most licences were for importing 
 goods 
 (d) Many small private ?rms appropriated 
 licences 
 Sol.380.(a)  The  Industrial  licensing  was 
 abolished  for  all  projects  except  for  a 
 short  list  of  industries  through  the 
 amendments  in  NIP  (New  Industrial 
 Policy) in the year 1991. 
 Q.381.  The  estimation  of  poverty  line  in 
 India  is  based  on  the  survey  conducted 
 by which of the following? 
 SSC CHSL 11/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Ministry of Finance 
 (b) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) 
 (c) Ministry of Rural Development 
 (d) National Statistical O?ce (NSO) 
 Sol.381.(d)  National  Statistical  O?ce 
 (NSO).  Poverty  estimation  in  India  is 
 carried  out  by  NITI  Aayog's  task  force 
 through  the  calculation  of  the  poverty 
 line  based  on  data  captured  by  the 
 National  Sample  Survey  O?ce  (NSSO) 
 under  the  Ministry  of  Statistics  and 
 Programme Implementation (MOSPI). 
 Q.382.  Sociologist  Jan  Breman 
 described  the  change  in  the  nature  of  the 
 relationship  between  landlords, 
 belonging  to  the  dominant  class,  and 
 agricultural  workers,  belonging  to  the  low 
 caste, as a shift from___________ . 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) tenant to tiller 
 (b) patronage to exploitation 
 (c) exploitation to patronage 
 (d) bonded labour to free labour 
 Sol.382.(b)  patronage  to  exploitation  - 
 Jan  Breman  (Dutch  sociologist)  -  Known 
 for  the  concept  "footloose  labour"  in 
 India. 
 Q.383.  Which  of  these  is  a  conventional 
 weaker  section  lending  under  the  formal 
 sector? 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Money lenders 
 (b) Self help group bank linkage model rat 
 (c) Micro ?nance institutions 
 (d) Commercial banks priority sector 
 lending 
 Sol.383.(d)  Commercial  banks  priority 
 sector  lending.  Priority  Sectors  Lending 
 is  the  role  exercised  by  the  RBI  to  banks, 
 imploring  them  to  dedicate  funds  for 
 speci?c  sectors  of  the  economy  like 
 agriculture  and  allied  activities, 
 education and housing and food for the 
 poorer population, etc.. 
 Q.384.  Which  of  the  following  can  be 
 referred to in the estimation of poverty? 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Average Marginal Utility 
 (b) Maximum Support Value 
 (c) Minimum Support Price 
 (d) Monthly Per Capita Expenditure 
 Sol.384.(d)  Monthly  Per  Capita 
 Expenditure  -  Total  expenditure  divided 
 by  the  total  population  of  a  given 
 economy.  Poverty  Estimation  in  India  :  It 
 is  based  on  the  income  or  consumption 
 levels  and  if  the  income  or  consumption 
 falls  below  a  given  minimum  level,  then 
 the  household  is  said  to  be  Below  the 
 Poverty Line (BPL). 
 Q.385  .  The  national  poverty  line  for 
 2011-12  was  estimated  at____  per  capita 
 per month for urban areas of India. 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) ? 3,000  (b) ? 1,000 
 (c) ? 2,000  (d) ? 1,500 
 Sol.385.(b)  ?  1,000.  For  rural  areas  the 
 national  poverty  line  using  the  Tendulkar 
 methodology is estimated at Rs. 816 per 
 capita per month. 
 Q.386.  In  India,  what  type  of 
 unemployment  is  created  due  to  lack  of 
 employable  skills  among  the  educated 
 youths in India? 
 SSC CGL 27/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Structural unemployment 
 (b) Educated unemployment 
 (c) Cyclical unemployment 
 (d) Technological unemployment 
 Sol.386.(b)  Educated  unemployment. 
 Structural  unemployment  -  It  is  a  category 
 of  unemployment  arising  from  the 
 mismatch  between  the  jobs  available  in 
 the  market  and  the  skills  of  the  available 
 workers  in  the  market.  Technological 
 unemployment  -  It  is  the  loss  of  jobs  due 
 to changes in technology. 
 Q.387.  Which  of  the  following 
 unemployment  is  the  result  of 
 depression in an economy? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Cyclical unemployment 
 (b) Frictional unemployment 
 (c) Seasonal unemployment 
 (d) Structural unemployment 
 Sol.387.(a)  Cyclical  unemployment  -  It 
 occurs  with  changes  in  economic  activity 
 over  the  business  cycle.  Example  -  A 
 worker  who  loses  his  job  because  of 
 layoffs during a recession. 
 Q.388.  _________  unemployment  refers  to 
 the  lowest  unemployment  level  a  healthy 
 economy  can  sustain  without  causing 
 in?ation. 
 SSC MTS 12/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Structural  (b) Disguised 
 (c) Natural  (d) Frictional 
 Sol.388.(c)  Natural.  Disguised 
 Unemployment  is  a  kind  of 
 unemployment  in  which  there  are  people 
 who  are  visibly  employed  but  are  actually 
 unemployed. 
 Q.389.  Formula  to  ?nd  the 
 unemployment rate is  . 
 SSC MTS 13/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) (Unemployed male workers/Total 
 labour force) × 1000 
 (b) (Unemployed workers/Total labour 
 force) × 100 
 (c) (Employed workers/Total labour 
 force) × 100 
 (d) (Employed workers/Male labour 
 force) × 100 
 Sol.389.(b)  (Unemployed  workers/Total 
 labour  force)  ×  100.  Statistics  on 
 unemployment  in  India  had  traditionally 
 been  collected,  compiled  and 
 disseminated  once  every  ten  years  by  the 
 Ministry  of  Labour  and  Employment 
 (MLE). 
 Q.390.  Which  among  the  following  types 
 of  unemployment  is  also  known  as  the 
 real wage unemployment? 
 SSC MTS 16/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) classical  (b) seasonal 
 (c) structural  (d) frictional 
 Sol.390.(a)  Classical.  Real  wage 
 unemployment  occurs when wages are 
 set  above  the  equilibrium  level  causing 
 the  supply  of  labour  to  be  greater  than 
 demand. 
 Q.391.  In  pre-independent  India,  who  was 
 the  ?rst  person  to  discuss  the  concept  of 
 the poverty line? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) M.K Gandhi 
 (b) Mahadev Govind Ranade 
 (c) B.R. Ambedkar 
 (d) Dadabhai Naoroji 
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 Pinnacle  Economics 
 Sol.391.(d)  Dadabhai  Naoroji  (Grand  old 
 man  of  India)  .  He  criticised  the  britisher's 
 policy  of  economic  exploitation  of  India 
 through  his  book  “Poverty  and  Un-british 
 rule  in  India”  in  which  he  made  the 
 earliest  estimation  of  the  poverty  line 
 (?16 to ?35 per capita per year). 
 Q.392.  _______  ,  also  known  as  search 
 unemployment,  occurs  when  workers 
 lose  their  current  job  and  are  in  the 
 process of ?nding another one. 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Voluntary unemployment 
 (b) Disguised unemployment 
 (c) Frictional unemployment 
 (d) Classical unemployment 
 Sol.392.(c)  Frictional  unemployment  . 
 Voluntary  unemployment  is  a  situation 
 when  a  person  is  unemployed  not  due  to 
 unavailability  of  jobs  in  the  economy,  but 
 because  of  not  being  able  to  ?nd 
 employment of his or her own choice. 
 Q.393.  If  unemployment  continues  for 
 long-term  in  a  country,  it  is  called 
 ________ unemployment. 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) casual  (b) technological 
 (c) frictional  (d) Chronic 
 Sol.393.(d)  Chronic  unemployment. 
 Casual  Unemployment:  when  the  worker 
 is  employed  on  a  day-to-day  basis  for  a 
 contractual  job  and  has  to  leave  it  once 
 the contract terminates. 
 Q.394.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements  is  NOT  correct  with  respect 
 to the poverty line? 
 I.  In  India,  it  is  normally  estimated  after 
 every ten years. 
 II.  The  proportion  of  people  below  the 
 poverty  line  is  not  the  same  for  all  social 
 groups and economic categories in India. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.394.(d)  Only  I.  Below  Poverty  Line 
 (BPL)  -  Benchmark  used  by  the 
 government  of  India  to  identify 
 individuals  and  households  in  need  of 
 government assistance and aid. 
 Q.395  .  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  an 
 advantage of E-Commerce? 
 SSC CGL 02/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Cost saving and price reduction 
 (b) Late response to customer needs 
 (c) Wider choice 
 (d) Improved customer services 
 Sol.395.(b)  Late  response  to  customer 
 needs.  E-Commerce  is  a  business  model 
 that  lets  ?rms  and  individuals  buy  and 
 sell  things  over  the  Internet.  Advantages  : 
 increased  productivity  and  perfect 
 competition,  cuts  the  product  distribution 
 chain,  managing  business  easy  and 
 simple.  Disadvantage  :  chance  of 
 fraudulent  ?nancial  transactions  and  loss 
 of sensitive ?nancial information. 
 Q.396.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 classi?cation of E-Commerce? 
 SSC CGL 03/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) B2C (Business-to-Consumer) 
 (b) D2D (Distributor-to-Distributor) 
 (c) C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) 
 (d) B2B (Business-to-Business) 
 Sol.396.(b)  D2D  (Distributor-to- 
 Distributor).  Types  of  e  -  commerce 
 include  B2C  (Business  to  Consumer), 
 B2B  (Business  to  business),  C2C 
 (Consumer  to  Consumer),  P2P  (Peer  to 
 Peer),  and  M  -  Commerce  (Mobile 
 Commerce).  Examples  of  E-Commerce 
 are  Amazon,  Flipkart,  eBay,  Olx,  Quikr, 
 etc. 
 Q.397.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements is correct? 
 I.  The  Family  Welfare  Program  has  sought 
 to  promote  responsible  and  planned 
 parenthood on a mandatory  basis. 
 II.  The  National  Population  Policy  2000 
 provides  a  policy  framework  to  provide 
 free  and  compulsory  education  up  to  the 
 age of 14 years. 
 SSC CGL 03/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) I only 
 (c) II only  (d) Both I and II 
 Sol.397.(c)  II  only.  The  Family  Welfare 
 Programme  (launched  in  1952)  seeks  to 
 promote  responsible  and  planned 
 parenthood  through  voluntary  (not  on  a 
 mandatory  basis)  choice  of  family 
 planning methods. 
 Q.398.  With  respect  to  India’s  foreign 
 trade,  which  year  is  referred  to  as  the 
 year of division? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 2010  (b) 1991  (c) 1981  (d) 1996 
 Sol.398.(b) 1991  . 
 Q.399.  The  government  of  India  initiated 
 the  comprehensive  family  planning 
 programme in the year _____________ 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) 1960  (b) 1991  (c) 1952  (d) 1982 
 Sol.399.(c)  1952.  India  was  the  ?rst 
 country  in  the  world  to  have  launched  a 
 National Programme for Family Planning. 
 Q.400.  Which of the following funds was 
 created  in  2005  to  channelise  funds 
 received  from  disinvestment  proceeds  of 
 PSUs? 
 SSC CPO  09/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) National Public Fund 
 (b) National Investment Fund 
 (c) Disinvestment Fund 
 (d) New Investment Fund 
 Sol.400.(b) National Investment Fund. 
 Aim  -  the  proceeds  from  disinvestment 
 of  Central  Public  Sector  Enterprises  were 
 to be channelized. 
 Q.401.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 cause of rural poverty in India? 
 SSC MTS 14/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Migration from rural areas 
 (b) Lack of alternate employment 
 opportunities other than agriculture 
 (c) Illiteracy 
 (d) Lack of capital 
 Sol.401.(a)  Migration  from  rural  areas. 
 Rural  poverty  often  stems  from  limited 
 access  to  markets,  education,  quality 
 infrastructure,  employment  opportunities, 
 health, and ?nancial products. 
 Q.402.  A  person  is  said  to  be  in  marginal 
 employment  if  she/he  has  worked  for 
 fewer  than  ______  months  in  the  year 
 preceding the Census. 
 SSC MTS 18/07/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 12     (b) 6    (c) 3       (d) 9 
 Sol.402.(b  )  6.  Those  who  had  not 
 worked  for  the  major  part  of  the  year  ( 
 i.e.  those  who  had  worked  for  less  than  6 
 months  or  less  than  183  days  in  a  year) 
 were termed as marginal workers. 
 Q.403.  The  poverty  line  in  India  is 
 normally  estimated  ______  by  conducting 
 sample surveys. 
 SSC MTS 18/07/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) every ten years     (b) every ?ve years 
 (c) every six years      (d) twice a year 
 Sol.403.(b)  every  Five  years  .  These 
 surveys  are  carried  out  by  the  National 
 Sample Survey Organisation  (NSSO). 
 Q.404.  The  Cabinet  Committee  on 
 Economic  Affairs  (CCEA)  approved  an 
 increase  in  the  Minimum  Support  Prices 
 (MSPs)  for  all  mandated  Rabi  crops  for 
 the  marketing  season  2021–22  in  line 
 with  the  recommendations  of  the  ______ 
 Commission. 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Kothari  (b) Nanavati 
 (c) Swaminathan  (d) Mukherjee 
 Sol.404.(c)  Swaminathan  Commission  - 
 The  National  Commission  on  Farmers 
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 Pinnacle  Economics 
 (NCF)  was  constituted  on  November  18, 
 2004  under  the  chairmanship  of 
 Professor  M.S. Swaminathan  . 
 Q.405.  The  system  of  MSP  (Minimum 
 Support  Price)  was  ?rst  introduced  for 
 ______  in  1966-67  and  later  expanded  to 
 include other essential food crops. 
 SSC CGL 19/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) jowar  (b) bajra   (c) wheat   (d) ragi 
 Sol.405.(c)  Wheat  .  Minimum  Support 
 Price  (MSP)  is  a  form  of  market 
 intervention  by  the  Government  of  India 
 to  insure  agricultural  producers  against 
 any  sharp  fall  in  farm  prices.  Crops 
 covered  by  MSPs  include:  7  types  of 
 cereals  (paddy,  wheat,  maize,  bajra, 
 jowar,  ragi  and  barley),  5  types  of  pulses 
 (chana,  arhar/tur,  urad,  moong  and 
 masoor),  7  oilseeds  (rapeseed-mustard, 
 groundnut,  soyabean,  sun?ower, 
 sesamum,  sa?ower,  niger  seed),  3 
 commercial  crops  (cotton,  copra,  raw 
 jute,).  Fair  Remunerative  Prices- 
 Sugarcane. 
 Q.406.  Who  among  the  following  was  the 
 Chairperson  of  the  Disinvestment 
 Commission,  Ministry  of  Industry 
 (Department  of  Public  Enterprises) 
 established in 1996? 
 SSC MTS 26/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Arundhati Roy  (b) NK Singh 
 (c) Arvind Mehta   (d) GV Ramakrishna 
 Sol.406.(d)  GV  Ramakrishna  was  the 
 Chairperson  of  the  Disinvestment 
 Commission,  Ministry  of  Industry 
 (Department  of  Public  Enterprises) 
 established  in  1996  .  It  was  set  up  to 
 advise,  supervise,  monitor,  and  publicise 
 the  gradual  disinvestment  of  Indian 
 PSUs. 
 Q.407.  Who  among  the  following 
 economists  coined  the  terminology 
 'Hindu Rate of Growth'? 
 SSC CGL 13/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Amiya Bagchi  (b) Vijay Kelkar 
 (c) Raj Krishna      (d) Bimal Jalan 
 Sol.407.(c)  Raj  Krishna.  The  Hindu  rate 
 of  growth  is  a  term  referring  to  the  low 
 annual  growth  rate  of  the  economy  of 
 India  before  the  economic  reforms  of 
 1991,  which  stagnated  around  3.5%  from 
 1950s  to  1980s,  while  per  capita  income 
 growth averaged around 1.3%. 
 Q.408.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 feature of food security? 
 SSC CGL 16/08/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Availability  (b) Affordability 
 (c) Acceptability  (d) Accessibility 
 Sol.408.(c)  Acceptability  .  The  main 
 features  of  food  security  are  availability, 
 affordability,  accessibility,  utilisation,  and 
 stability. 
 Stock, Debentures and Foreign 
 Trade 
 Q.409.  Which  of  the  following  is  an 
 advantage of foreign competition? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) No requirement to develop new 
 products 
 (b) Incentive to produce e?ciently 
 (c) Expansion of foreign market 
 (d) Saving of foreign exchange reserves 
 Sol.409.(b)  Incentive  to  produce 
 e?ciently.  Other  Advantages  of  Foreign 
 Competition:  Lower  prices,  Increased 
 e?ciency,  Increased  consumer  choice, 
 Increased  trade,  Increased  innovation. 
 Disadvantages:  Job  losses,  Decreasing 
 pro?t  margins,  Loss  of  market  share, 
 Dependency on foreign countries. 
 Q.410.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 component of investment ? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Addition to residential construction 
 (b) Money spent on purchasing shares of 
 a company 
 (c) Machinery and equipment employed 
 by a ?rm 
 (d) Inventories of raw materials stocked 
 by a ?rm 
 Sol.410.(b)  Buying  shares  of  a 
 company-  It  is  not  deemed  an 
 investment  as  it  does  not  directly 
 enhance  productive  capacity.  Share 
 purchase  grants  ownership  in  the 
 company  but  not  in  its  capital  goods, 
 which  the  company  might  acquire  with 
 share-sale funds. 
 Q.411.  The  country  can  improve  its 
 balance  of  payments  by  devaluation 
 when  the  sum  of  elasticity  of  demand  for 
 exports and imports is  . 
 SSC CGL 25/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) less than unity  (b) equal to unity 
 (c) greater than unity   (d) zero 
 Sol.411.(c) Greater than unity.  It is called 
 the  Marshall-Lerner  condition  in 
 economics.  If  the  domestic  currency 
 devalues,  imports  become  more 
 expensive,  and  exports  become  cheaper 
 due  to  the  change  in  relative  prices. 
 Balance  of  Payment  (BoP)  :  It  is  a 
 statement  of  all  transactions  made 
 between  entities  in  one  country  and  the 
 rest  of  the  world  over  a  de?ned  period, 
 such  as  a  quarter  or  a  year.  Two  main 
 accounts  in  the  BoP:  Current  account  -  It 
 includes  a  nation's  net  trade  in  goods  and 
 services.  Capital  account  -  It  consists  of 
 a  nation's  transactions  in  ?nancial 
 instruments and central bank reserves. 
 Q.412.  The  index  titled  SENSEX  of  BSE 
 (erstwhile  Bombay  Stock  Exchange)  is  an 
 index  of  trading  of  top  ______  companies 
 in  terms  of  their  volume  of  trade  and 
 their share prices. 
 SSC MTS 13/10/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) ten  (b) thirty    (c) hundred    (d) ?fty 
 Sol.412.(b)  thirty.  The  full  form  of 
 SENSEX  is  the  Stock  Exchange  Sensitive 
 Index.  Published  on  1  January  1986,  the 
 BSE SENSEX is regarded as the pulse of 
 the domestic stock markets in India. 
 Q.413.  In  which  year  was  the  Foreign 
 Exchange  Management  Act  (FEMA) 
 enacted to replace the Foreign Exchange 
 Regulation Act (FERA)? 
 SSC MTS 18/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) 1999   (b) 1988   (c) 2014   (d) 1992 
 Sol.413.(a)  1999.  The  Parliament  has 
 enacted  the  Foreign  Exchange 
 Management  Act,1999  to  replace  the 
 Foreign  Exchange  Regulation  Act,  1973. 
 This  Act  came  into  force  on  the  1st  day 
 of June, 2000. 
 Q.414.  Bombay  Stock  Exchange  became 
 the  ?rst  stock  exchange  in  India  to 
 launch  commodity  derivatives  contracts 
 in gold and ______. 
 SSC CGL 18/08/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) diamond  (b) silver 
 (c) platinum  (d) equity 
 Sol.414.(b)  silver.  BSE  was  established 
 in  1875  by  cotton  merchant  Premchand 
 Roychand  and  is  located  in  Dalal  Street, 
 Mumbai.  It  is  the  oldest  Stock  Exchange 
 in  Asia.  It  is  the  ?rst  stock  exchange  of 
 Asia.  The  Dutch  East  India  Company 
 (founded  in  1602)  was  the  ?rst 
 joint-stock  company  to  get  a  ?xed  capital 
 stock. 
 Fiscal Policy and  Monetary 
 Policy 
 Q.415.  Which  de?cit  re?ects  the 
 borrowing needs of the government? 
 SSC MTS 14/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Capital loss           (b) Revenue de?cit 
 (c) Primary de?cit         (d) ?scal de?cit 
 Sol.415.(d)  Fiscal  de?cit  :  The  difference 
 between  total  revenue  and  total 
 expenditure  of  the  government.  Fiscal 
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 Pinnacle  Economics 
 economic  activity  and  also  reduction  of 
 tariff  or  removal  of  non-tariff  barriers. 
 The  policy  of  liberalisation,  privatisation 
 and  globalisation  was  announced  as  the 
 New  Economic  Policy  by  the  Prime 
 Minister Narsimha Rao in 1991. 
 Q.380.  Which  of  these  is  one  of  the  fall 
 out of the industrial licensing system? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Large industrial houses availed 
 licences to prevent competition 
 (b) Most licences were used up by 
 backward states 
 (c) Most licences were for importing 
 goods 
 (d) Many small private ?rms appropriated 
 licences 
 Sol.380.(a)  The  Industrial  licensing  was 
 abolished  for  all  projects  except  for  a 
 short  list  of  industries  through  the 
 amendments  in  NIP  (New  Industrial 
 Policy) in the year 1991. 
 Q.381.  The  estimation  of  poverty  line  in 
 India  is  based  on  the  survey  conducted 
 by which of the following? 
 SSC CHSL 11/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Ministry of Finance 
 (b) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) 
 (c) Ministry of Rural Development 
 (d) National Statistical O?ce (NSO) 
 Sol.381.(d)  National  Statistical  O?ce 
 (NSO).  Poverty  estimation  in  India  is 
 carried  out  by  NITI  Aayog's  task  force 
 through  the  calculation  of  the  poverty 
 line  based  on  data  captured  by  the 
 National  Sample  Survey  O?ce  (NSSO) 
 under  the  Ministry  of  Statistics  and 
 Programme Implementation (MOSPI). 
 Q.382.  Sociologist  Jan  Breman 
 described  the  change  in  the  nature  of  the 
 relationship  between  landlords, 
 belonging  to  the  dominant  class,  and 
 agricultural  workers,  belonging  to  the  low 
 caste, as a shift from___________ . 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) tenant to tiller 
 (b) patronage to exploitation 
 (c) exploitation to patronage 
 (d) bonded labour to free labour 
 Sol.382.(b)  patronage  to  exploitation  - 
 Jan  Breman  (Dutch  sociologist)  -  Known 
 for  the  concept  "footloose  labour"  in 
 India. 
 Q.383.  Which  of  these  is  a  conventional 
 weaker  section  lending  under  the  formal 
 sector? 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Money lenders 
 (b) Self help group bank linkage model rat 
 (c) Micro ?nance institutions 
 (d) Commercial banks priority sector 
 lending 
 Sol.383.(d)  Commercial  banks  priority 
 sector  lending.  Priority  Sectors  Lending 
 is  the  role  exercised  by  the  RBI  to  banks, 
 imploring  them  to  dedicate  funds  for 
 speci?c  sectors  of  the  economy  like 
 agriculture  and  allied  activities, 
 education and housing and food for the 
 poorer population, etc.. 
 Q.384.  Which  of  the  following  can  be 
 referred to in the estimation of poverty? 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Average Marginal Utility 
 (b) Maximum Support Value 
 (c) Minimum Support Price 
 (d) Monthly Per Capita Expenditure 
 Sol.384.(d)  Monthly  Per  Capita 
 Expenditure  -  Total  expenditure  divided 
 by  the  total  population  of  a  given 
 economy.  Poverty  Estimation  in  India  :  It 
 is  based  on  the  income  or  consumption 
 levels  and  if  the  income  or  consumption 
 falls  below  a  given  minimum  level,  then 
 the  household  is  said  to  be  Below  the 
 Poverty Line (BPL). 
 Q.385  .  The  national  poverty  line  for 
 2011-12  was  estimated  at____  per  capita 
 per month for urban areas of India. 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) ? 3,000  (b) ? 1,000 
 (c) ? 2,000  (d) ? 1,500 
 Sol.385.(b)  ?  1,000.  For  rural  areas  the 
 national  poverty  line  using  the  Tendulkar 
 methodology is estimated at Rs. 816 per 
 capita per month. 
 Q.386.  In  India,  what  type  of 
 unemployment  is  created  due  to  lack  of 
 employable  skills  among  the  educated 
 youths in India? 
 SSC CGL 27/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Structural unemployment 
 (b) Educated unemployment 
 (c) Cyclical unemployment 
 (d) Technological unemployment 
 Sol.386.(b)  Educated  unemployment. 
 Structural  unemployment  -  It  is  a  category 
 of  unemployment  arising  from  the 
 mismatch  between  the  jobs  available  in 
 the  market  and  the  skills  of  the  available 
 workers  in  the  market.  Technological 
 unemployment  -  It  is  the  loss  of  jobs  due 
 to changes in technology. 
 Q.387.  Which  of  the  following 
 unemployment  is  the  result  of 
 depression in an economy? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Cyclical unemployment 
 (b) Frictional unemployment 
 (c) Seasonal unemployment 
 (d) Structural unemployment 
 Sol.387.(a)  Cyclical  unemployment  -  It 
 occurs  with  changes  in  economic  activity 
 over  the  business  cycle.  Example  -  A 
 worker  who  loses  his  job  because  of 
 layoffs during a recession. 
 Q.388.  _________  unemployment  refers  to 
 the  lowest  unemployment  level  a  healthy 
 economy  can  sustain  without  causing 
 in?ation. 
 SSC MTS 12/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Structural  (b) Disguised 
 (c) Natural  (d) Frictional 
 Sol.388.(c)  Natural.  Disguised 
 Unemployment  is  a  kind  of 
 unemployment  in  which  there  are  people 
 who  are  visibly  employed  but  are  actually 
 unemployed. 
 Q.389.  Formula  to  ?nd  the 
 unemployment rate is  . 
 SSC MTS 13/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) (Unemployed male workers/Total 
 labour force) × 1000 
 (b) (Unemployed workers/Total labour 
 force) × 100 
 (c) (Employed workers/Total labour 
 force) × 100 
 (d) (Employed workers/Male labour 
 force) × 100 
 Sol.389.(b)  (Unemployed  workers/Total 
 labour  force)  ×  100.  Statistics  on 
 unemployment  in  India  had  traditionally 
 been  collected,  compiled  and 
 disseminated  once  every  ten  years  by  the 
 Ministry  of  Labour  and  Employment 
 (MLE). 
 Q.390.  Which  among  the  following  types 
 of  unemployment  is  also  known  as  the 
 real wage unemployment? 
 SSC MTS 16/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) classical  (b) seasonal 
 (c) structural  (d) frictional 
 Sol.390.(a)  Classical.  Real  wage 
 unemployment  occurs when wages are 
 set  above  the  equilibrium  level  causing 
 the  supply  of  labour  to  be  greater  than 
 demand. 
 Q.391.  In  pre-independent  India,  who  was 
 the  ?rst  person  to  discuss  the  concept  of 
 the poverty line? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) M.K Gandhi 
 (b) Mahadev Govind Ranade 
 (c) B.R. Ambedkar 
 (d) Dadabhai Naoroji 
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 Pinnacle  Economics 
 Sol.391.(d)  Dadabhai  Naoroji  (Grand  old 
 man  of  India)  .  He  criticised  the  britisher's 
 policy  of  economic  exploitation  of  India 
 through  his  book  “Poverty  and  Un-british 
 rule  in  India”  in  which  he  made  the 
 earliest  estimation  of  the  poverty  line 
 (?16 to ?35 per capita per year). 
 Q.392.  _______  ,  also  known  as  search 
 unemployment,  occurs  when  workers 
 lose  their  current  job  and  are  in  the 
 process of ?nding another one. 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Voluntary unemployment 
 (b) Disguised unemployment 
 (c) Frictional unemployment 
 (d) Classical unemployment 
 Sol.392.(c)  Frictional  unemployment  . 
 Voluntary  unemployment  is  a  situation 
 when  a  person  is  unemployed  not  due  to 
 unavailability  of  jobs  in  the  economy,  but 
 because  of  not  being  able  to  ?nd 
 employment of his or her own choice. 
 Q.393.  If  unemployment  continues  for 
 long-term  in  a  country,  it  is  called 
 ________ unemployment. 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) casual  (b) technological 
 (c) frictional  (d) Chronic 
 Sol.393.(d)  Chronic  unemployment. 
 Casual  Unemployment:  when  the  worker 
 is  employed  on  a  day-to-day  basis  for  a 
 contractual  job  and  has  to  leave  it  once 
 the contract terminates. 
 Q.394.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements  is  NOT  correct  with  respect 
 to the poverty line? 
 I.  In  India,  it  is  normally  estimated  after 
 every ten years. 
 II.  The  proportion  of  people  below  the 
 poverty  line  is  not  the  same  for  all  social 
 groups and economic categories in India. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.394.(d)  Only  I.  Below  Poverty  Line 
 (BPL)  -  Benchmark  used  by  the 
 government  of  India  to  identify 
 individuals  and  households  in  need  of 
 government assistance and aid. 
 Q.395  .  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  an 
 advantage of E-Commerce? 
 SSC CGL 02/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Cost saving and price reduction 
 (b) Late response to customer needs 
 (c) Wider choice 
 (d) Improved customer services 
 Sol.395.(b)  Late  response  to  customer 
 needs.  E-Commerce  is  a  business  model 
 that  lets  ?rms  and  individuals  buy  and 
 sell  things  over  the  Internet.  Advantages  : 
 increased  productivity  and  perfect 
 competition,  cuts  the  product  distribution 
 chain,  managing  business  easy  and 
 simple.  Disadvantage  :  chance  of 
 fraudulent  ?nancial  transactions  and  loss 
 of sensitive ?nancial information. 
 Q.396.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 classi?cation of E-Commerce? 
 SSC CGL 03/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) B2C (Business-to-Consumer) 
 (b) D2D (Distributor-to-Distributor) 
 (c) C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) 
 (d) B2B (Business-to-Business) 
 Sol.396.(b)  D2D  (Distributor-to- 
 Distributor).  Types  of  e  -  commerce 
 include  B2C  (Business  to  Consumer), 
 B2B  (Business  to  business),  C2C 
 (Consumer  to  Consumer),  P2P  (Peer  to 
 Peer),  and  M  -  Commerce  (Mobile 
 Commerce).  Examples  of  E-Commerce 
 are  Amazon,  Flipkart,  eBay,  Olx,  Quikr, 
 etc. 
 Q.397.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements is correct? 
 I.  The  Family  Welfare  Program  has  sought 
 to  promote  responsible  and  planned 
 parenthood on a mandatory  basis. 
 II.  The  National  Population  Policy  2000 
 provides  a  policy  framework  to  provide 
 free  and  compulsory  education  up  to  the 
 age of 14 years. 
 SSC CGL 03/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) I only 
 (c) II only  (d) Both I and II 
 Sol.397.(c)  II  only.  The  Family  Welfare 
 Programme  (launched  in  1952)  seeks  to 
 promote  responsible  and  planned 
 parenthood  through  voluntary  (not  on  a 
 mandatory  basis)  choice  of  family 
 planning methods. 
 Q.398.  With  respect  to  India’s  foreign 
 trade,  which  year  is  referred  to  as  the 
 year of division? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 2010  (b) 1991  (c) 1981  (d) 1996 
 Sol.398.(b) 1991  . 
 Q.399.  The  government  of  India  initiated 
 the  comprehensive  family  planning 
 programme in the year _____________ 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) 1960  (b) 1991  (c) 1952  (d) 1982 
 Sol.399.(c)  1952.  India  was  the  ?rst 
 country  in  the  world  to  have  launched  a 
 National Programme for Family Planning. 
 Q.400.  Which of the following funds was 
 created  in  2005  to  channelise  funds 
 received  from  disinvestment  proceeds  of 
 PSUs? 
 SSC CPO  09/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) National Public Fund 
 (b) National Investment Fund 
 (c) Disinvestment Fund 
 (d) New Investment Fund 
 Sol.400.(b) National Investment Fund. 
 Aim  -  the  proceeds  from  disinvestment 
 of  Central  Public  Sector  Enterprises  were 
 to be channelized. 
 Q.401.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 cause of rural poverty in India? 
 SSC MTS 14/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Migration from rural areas 
 (b) Lack of alternate employment 
 opportunities other than agriculture 
 (c) Illiteracy 
 (d) Lack of capital 
 Sol.401.(a)  Migration  from  rural  areas. 
 Rural  poverty  often  stems  from  limited 
 access  to  markets,  education,  quality 
 infrastructure,  employment  opportunities, 
 health, and ?nancial products. 
 Q.402.  A  person  is  said  to  be  in  marginal 
 employment  if  she/he  has  worked  for 
 fewer  than  ______  months  in  the  year 
 preceding the Census. 
 SSC MTS 18/07/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 12     (b) 6    (c) 3       (d) 9 
 Sol.402.(b  )  6.  Those  who  had  not 
 worked  for  the  major  part  of  the  year  ( 
 i.e.  those  who  had  worked  for  less  than  6 
 months  or  less  than  183  days  in  a  year) 
 were termed as marginal workers. 
 Q.403.  The  poverty  line  in  India  is 
 normally  estimated  ______  by  conducting 
 sample surveys. 
 SSC MTS 18/07/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) every ten years     (b) every ?ve years 
 (c) every six years      (d) twice a year 
 Sol.403.(b)  every  Five  years  .  These 
 surveys  are  carried  out  by  the  National 
 Sample Survey Organisation  (NSSO). 
 Q.404.  The  Cabinet  Committee  on 
 Economic  Affairs  (CCEA)  approved  an 
 increase  in  the  Minimum  Support  Prices 
 (MSPs)  for  all  mandated  Rabi  crops  for 
 the  marketing  season  2021–22  in  line 
 with  the  recommendations  of  the  ______ 
 Commission. 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Kothari  (b) Nanavati 
 (c) Swaminathan  (d) Mukherjee 
 Sol.404.(c)  Swaminathan  Commission  - 
 The  National  Commission  on  Farmers 
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 Pinnacle  Economics 
 (NCF)  was  constituted  on  November  18, 
 2004  under  the  chairmanship  of 
 Professor  M.S. Swaminathan  . 
 Q.405.  The  system  of  MSP  (Minimum 
 Support  Price)  was  ?rst  introduced  for 
 ______  in  1966-67  and  later  expanded  to 
 include other essential food crops. 
 SSC CGL 19/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) jowar  (b) bajra   (c) wheat   (d) ragi 
 Sol.405.(c)  Wheat  .  Minimum  Support 
 Price  (MSP)  is  a  form  of  market 
 intervention  by  the  Government  of  India 
 to  insure  agricultural  producers  against 
 any  sharp  fall  in  farm  prices.  Crops 
 covered  by  MSPs  include:  7  types  of 
 cereals  (paddy,  wheat,  maize,  bajra, 
 jowar,  ragi  and  barley),  5  types  of  pulses 
 (chana,  arhar/tur,  urad,  moong  and 
 masoor),  7  oilseeds  (rapeseed-mustard, 
 groundnut,  soyabean,  sun?ower, 
 sesamum,  sa?ower,  niger  seed),  3 
 commercial  crops  (cotton,  copra,  raw 
 jute,).  Fair  Remunerative  Prices- 
 Sugarcane. 
 Q.406.  Who  among  the  following  was  the 
 Chairperson  of  the  Disinvestment 
 Commission,  Ministry  of  Industry 
 (Department  of  Public  Enterprises) 
 established in 1996? 
 SSC MTS 26/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Arundhati Roy  (b) NK Singh 
 (c) Arvind Mehta   (d) GV Ramakrishna 
 Sol.406.(d)  GV  Ramakrishna  was  the 
 Chairperson  of  the  Disinvestment 
 Commission,  Ministry  of  Industry 
 (Department  of  Public  Enterprises) 
 established  in  1996  .  It  was  set  up  to 
 advise,  supervise,  monitor,  and  publicise 
 the  gradual  disinvestment  of  Indian 
 PSUs. 
 Q.407.  Who  among  the  following 
 economists  coined  the  terminology 
 'Hindu Rate of Growth'? 
 SSC CGL 13/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Amiya Bagchi  (b) Vijay Kelkar 
 (c) Raj Krishna      (d) Bimal Jalan 
 Sol.407.(c)  Raj  Krishna.  The  Hindu  rate 
 of  growth  is  a  term  referring  to  the  low 
 annual  growth  rate  of  the  economy  of 
 India  before  the  economic  reforms  of 
 1991,  which  stagnated  around  3.5%  from 
 1950s  to  1980s,  while  per  capita  income 
 growth averaged around 1.3%. 
 Q.408.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 feature of food security? 
 SSC CGL 16/08/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Availability  (b) Affordability 
 (c) Acceptability  (d) Accessibility 
 Sol.408.(c)  Acceptability  .  The  main 
 features  of  food  security  are  availability, 
 affordability,  accessibility,  utilisation,  and 
 stability. 
 Stock, Debentures and Foreign 
 Trade 
 Q.409.  Which  of  the  following  is  an 
 advantage of foreign competition? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) No requirement to develop new 
 products 
 (b) Incentive to produce e?ciently 
 (c) Expansion of foreign market 
 (d) Saving of foreign exchange reserves 
 Sol.409.(b)  Incentive  to  produce 
 e?ciently.  Other  Advantages  of  Foreign 
 Competition:  Lower  prices,  Increased 
 e?ciency,  Increased  consumer  choice, 
 Increased  trade,  Increased  innovation. 
 Disadvantages:  Job  losses,  Decreasing 
 pro?t  margins,  Loss  of  market  share, 
 Dependency on foreign countries. 
 Q.410.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 component of investment ? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Addition to residential construction 
 (b) Money spent on purchasing shares of 
 a company 
 (c) Machinery and equipment employed 
 by a ?rm 
 (d) Inventories of raw materials stocked 
 by a ?rm 
 Sol.410.(b)  Buying  shares  of  a 
 company-  It  is  not  deemed  an 
 investment  as  it  does  not  directly 
 enhance  productive  capacity.  Share 
 purchase  grants  ownership  in  the 
 company  but  not  in  its  capital  goods, 
 which  the  company  might  acquire  with 
 share-sale funds. 
 Q.411.  The  country  can  improve  its 
 balance  of  payments  by  devaluation 
 when  the  sum  of  elasticity  of  demand  for 
 exports and imports is  . 
 SSC CGL 25/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) less than unity  (b) equal to unity 
 (c) greater than unity   (d) zero 
 Sol.411.(c) Greater than unity.  It is called 
 the  Marshall-Lerner  condition  in 
 economics.  If  the  domestic  currency 
 devalues,  imports  become  more 
 expensive,  and  exports  become  cheaper 
 due  to  the  change  in  relative  prices. 
 Balance  of  Payment  (BoP)  :  It  is  a 
 statement  of  all  transactions  made 
 between  entities  in  one  country  and  the 
 rest  of  the  world  over  a  de?ned  period, 
 such  as  a  quarter  or  a  year.  Two  main 
 accounts  in  the  BoP:  Current  account  -  It 
 includes  a  nation's  net  trade  in  goods  and 
 services.  Capital  account  -  It  consists  of 
 a  nation's  transactions  in  ?nancial 
 instruments and central bank reserves. 
 Q.412.  The  index  titled  SENSEX  of  BSE 
 (erstwhile  Bombay  Stock  Exchange)  is  an 
 index  of  trading  of  top  ______  companies 
 in  terms  of  their  volume  of  trade  and 
 their share prices. 
 SSC MTS 13/10/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) ten  (b) thirty    (c) hundred    (d) ?fty 
 Sol.412.(b)  thirty.  The  full  form  of 
 SENSEX  is  the  Stock  Exchange  Sensitive 
 Index.  Published  on  1  January  1986,  the 
 BSE SENSEX is regarded as the pulse of 
 the domestic stock markets in India. 
 Q.413.  In  which  year  was  the  Foreign 
 Exchange  Management  Act  (FEMA) 
 enacted to replace the Foreign Exchange 
 Regulation Act (FERA)? 
 SSC MTS 18/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) 1999   (b) 1988   (c) 2014   (d) 1992 
 Sol.413.(a)  1999.  The  Parliament  has 
 enacted  the  Foreign  Exchange 
 Management  Act,1999  to  replace  the 
 Foreign  Exchange  Regulation  Act,  1973. 
 This  Act  came  into  force  on  the  1st  day 
 of June, 2000. 
 Q.414.  Bombay  Stock  Exchange  became 
 the  ?rst  stock  exchange  in  India  to 
 launch  commodity  derivatives  contracts 
 in gold and ______. 
 SSC CGL 18/08/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) diamond  (b) silver 
 (c) platinum  (d) equity 
 Sol.414.(b)  silver.  BSE  was  established 
 in  1875  by  cotton  merchant  Premchand 
 Roychand  and  is  located  in  Dalal  Street, 
 Mumbai.  It  is  the  oldest  Stock  Exchange 
 in  Asia.  It  is  the  ?rst  stock  exchange  of 
 Asia.  The  Dutch  East  India  Company 
 (founded  in  1602)  was  the  ?rst 
 joint-stock  company  to  get  a  ?xed  capital 
 stock. 
 Fiscal Policy and  Monetary 
 Policy 
 Q.415.  Which  de?cit  re?ects  the 
 borrowing needs of the government? 
 SSC MTS 14/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Capital loss           (b) Revenue de?cit 
 (c) Primary de?cit         (d) ?scal de?cit 
 Sol.415.(d)  Fiscal  de?cit  :  The  difference 
 between  total  revenue  and  total 
 expenditure  of  the  government.  Fiscal 
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 Pinnacle  Economics 
 De?cit  =  Total  expenditure  of  the 
 government  (Capital  and  Revenue 
 expenditure)  –  Total  income  of  the 
 government  (Revenue  receipts  +  recovery 
 of loans + other receipts). 
 Q.416.  What  is  the  change  in  ?scal 
 de?cit  if  both  the  primary  de?cit  and 
 interest payments are doubled? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Increase by 100% 
 (b) Increase by 200% 
 (c) Decrease by 50% 
 (d) Decrease by 100% 
 Sol.416.(a)  Increase  by  100%.  Primary 
 de?cit  -  It  is  de?ned  as  the  ?scal  de?cit 
 of  the  current  year  minus  interest 
 payments on previous borrowings. 
 Q.417.  Gross  primary  de?cit  is  equal  to 
 ________. 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) difference between gross ?scal 
 de?cit and interest payments 
 (b) difference between total expenditure 
 and total receipts 
 (c) difference between net borrowings 
 and net capital receipts 
 (d) difference between revenue de?cit 
 and capital expenditure 
 Sol.417.(a)  Gross  Primary  De?cit  is 
 Gross  Fiscal  De?cit  less  interest 
 payments. 
 Q.418.  The  general  target  of  the 
 monetary policy is to ensure ___________ . 
 A) price stability in the economy 
 B)  greater  tax  collections  for  the 
 government 
 C)  employment  generation  in  the  rural 
 areas 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Both B and C                (b) Only C 
 (c) Both A and B                (d) Only A 
 Sol.418.(d)  Only  A.  Monetary  policy  - 
 Actions  and  strategies  adopted  by  a 
 central  bank  to  control  the  money  supply, 
 interest  rates,  and  credit  availability  in  an 
 economy,  aiming  to  achieve  stable  prices 
 and sustainable economic growth. 
 Q.419.  In  which  year  did  the  Government 
 of  India  bring  FRBM  (Fiscal 
 Responsibility  and  Budget  Management) 
 Act into effect ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) 2015-16                           (b) 2012-13 
 (c) 2004-05                          (d) 2008-09 
 Sol.419.(c)  2004-05.  The  Fiscal 
 Responsibility  and  Budget  Management 
 (FRBM)  Act  2003  envisages  the  setting 
 of  limits  on  the  Central  government’s 
 debt  and  de?cit.  The  Centre  and  states 
 are  mandated  to  reduce  their  ?scal 
 de?cit to 3 percent of GDP  . 
 Q.420.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 monetary policy instrument of RBI ? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Government Spending 
 (b) Bank Rate 
 (c) Open Market Operations 
 (d) Cash Reserve Ratio 
 Sol.420.(a)  Government  Spending.  The 
 money  spent  by  the  public  sector  on  the 
 acquisition  of  goods  and  provision  of 
 services  such  as  education,  healthcare, 
 social protection, and defence. 
 Q.421.  __________  refers  to  a  method 
 adopted  by  the  Central  Bank  to  persuade 
 or  convince  the  commercial  banks  to 
 advance  credit  in  the  economic  interest 
 of the country. 
 SSC MTS 17/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Marginal Standing Facility 
 (b) Moral Suasion 
 (c) Credit Rationing 
 (d) Margin Requirements 
 Sol.421.(b)  Moral  Suasion.  Marginal 
 Standing  Facility  (MSF):  Facility  under 
 which  scheduled  commercial  banks  can 
 borrow  additional  amounts  under 
 overnight  facility  by  dipping  in  their 
 'Statutory  Liquidity  Ratio'  (SLR)  portfolio 
 up to a certain limit. 
 Q.422.  Which  among  the  following 
 statements is incorrect? 
 SSC MTS 18/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) An increase in the bank rate will 
 decrease the money supply. 
 (b) Lower the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), 
 lower will be the liquidity in the 
 system. 
 (c) Higher the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), 
 lower will be the liquidity in the 
 system. 
 (d) Lower the Statutory Liquidity Ratio 
 (SLR), higher will be the liquidity in the 
 system. 
 Sol.422.(b)  The  lower  the  CRR,  Higher 
 will  be  the  liquidity  in  the  system. 
 Increasing  the  CRR  reduces  the  lendable 
 resources  of  banks,  which  may  lead  to  a 
 scarcity of funds. 
 Q.423.  Who  chairs  the  Monetary  Policy 
 Committee in India? 
 SSC MTS 14/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Union Finance minister 
 (b) Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of 
 India 
 (c) Comptroller and Auditor General of 
 India 
 (d) Governor, Reserve Bank of India 
 Sol.423.(d)  Governor,  Reserve  Bank  of 
 India.  The  Monetary  Policy  Committee 
 (MPC)  is  a  statutory  body  constituted  as 
 per  Section  45ZB  under  the  RBI  Act  of 
 1934  by  the  Central  Government.It 
 consists:  -  RBI  Governor  as  its  ex  o?cio 
 chairperson,  Deputy  Governor  in  charge 
 of  monetary  policy,  member  ex  o?cio,  An 
 o?cer  of  the  Bank  nominated  by  the 
 Central  Board  as  member  ex  o?cio, 
 Three  persons  are  appointed  by  the 
 central government. 
 Q.424.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements  is  correct  regarding  the  bank 
 reserves? 
 I.  These  reserves  are  kept  partly  as  cash 
 and  partly  in  the  form  of  ?nancial 
 instruments. 
 II.  Cash  Reserves  Ratio  are  deposits 
 which  commercial  banks  keep  with  the 
 Reserve Bank of India. 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Only II  (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Only I  (d) Neither I nor II 
 Sol.424.(b)  Both I and II  . 
 Q.425.  Which  of  the  following 
 combinations  of  tenors  of  Treasury  bills 
 issued  by  the  Government  of  India  is 
 correct ? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 82 days , 182 days , 345 days 
 (b) 91 days,  152 days , 356 days 
 (c) 91 days , 182 days , 364 days 
 (d) 61 days , 145 days , 360 days 
 Sol.425.(c)  91  days,  182  days,  and  364 
 days.  Treasury  Bills  are  short-term 
 ?nancial  instruments  issued  by  the 
 government to meet its expenditure. 
 Q.426.  The  monetary  policy  instrument 
 called 'bank rate' is aligned to ______. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Liquidity adjustment facility 
 (b) Cash Reserve ratio 
 (c) Discount rate 
 (d) Marginal standing facility rate 
 Sol.426.(d)  Marginal  standing  facility 
 rate.  It  is  a  scheme  launched  by  the  RBI 
 in  2011-12  .  Liquidity  adjustment  facility 
 is  a  monetary  policy  tool  used  by  the  RBI 
 in  India  through  which  it  absorbs  liquidity 
 in  the  banking  system.  It  was  introduced 
 by  the  Narasimham  Committee  (1998). 
 Discount  Rate  is  the  interest  rate  at 
 which  the  central  bank  lends  to 
 commercial banks to meet their liquidity 
 needs. 
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Page 5


 Pinnacle  Economics 
 economic  activity  and  also  reduction  of 
 tariff  or  removal  of  non-tariff  barriers. 
 The  policy  of  liberalisation,  privatisation 
 and  globalisation  was  announced  as  the 
 New  Economic  Policy  by  the  Prime 
 Minister Narsimha Rao in 1991. 
 Q.380.  Which  of  these  is  one  of  the  fall 
 out of the industrial licensing system? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Large industrial houses availed 
 licences to prevent competition 
 (b) Most licences were used up by 
 backward states 
 (c) Most licences were for importing 
 goods 
 (d) Many small private ?rms appropriated 
 licences 
 Sol.380.(a)  The  Industrial  licensing  was 
 abolished  for  all  projects  except  for  a 
 short  list  of  industries  through  the 
 amendments  in  NIP  (New  Industrial 
 Policy) in the year 1991. 
 Q.381.  The  estimation  of  poverty  line  in 
 India  is  based  on  the  survey  conducted 
 by which of the following? 
 SSC CHSL 11/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Ministry of Finance 
 (b) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) 
 (c) Ministry of Rural Development 
 (d) National Statistical O?ce (NSO) 
 Sol.381.(d)  National  Statistical  O?ce 
 (NSO).  Poverty  estimation  in  India  is 
 carried  out  by  NITI  Aayog's  task  force 
 through  the  calculation  of  the  poverty 
 line  based  on  data  captured  by  the 
 National  Sample  Survey  O?ce  (NSSO) 
 under  the  Ministry  of  Statistics  and 
 Programme Implementation (MOSPI). 
 Q.382.  Sociologist  Jan  Breman 
 described  the  change  in  the  nature  of  the 
 relationship  between  landlords, 
 belonging  to  the  dominant  class,  and 
 agricultural  workers,  belonging  to  the  low 
 caste, as a shift from___________ . 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) tenant to tiller 
 (b) patronage to exploitation 
 (c) exploitation to patronage 
 (d) bonded labour to free labour 
 Sol.382.(b)  patronage  to  exploitation  - 
 Jan  Breman  (Dutch  sociologist)  -  Known 
 for  the  concept  "footloose  labour"  in 
 India. 
 Q.383.  Which  of  these  is  a  conventional 
 weaker  section  lending  under  the  formal 
 sector? 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Money lenders 
 (b) Self help group bank linkage model rat 
 (c) Micro ?nance institutions 
 (d) Commercial banks priority sector 
 lending 
 Sol.383.(d)  Commercial  banks  priority 
 sector  lending.  Priority  Sectors  Lending 
 is  the  role  exercised  by  the  RBI  to  banks, 
 imploring  them  to  dedicate  funds  for 
 speci?c  sectors  of  the  economy  like 
 agriculture  and  allied  activities, 
 education and housing and food for the 
 poorer population, etc.. 
 Q.384.  Which  of  the  following  can  be 
 referred to in the estimation of poverty? 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Average Marginal Utility 
 (b) Maximum Support Value 
 (c) Minimum Support Price 
 (d) Monthly Per Capita Expenditure 
 Sol.384.(d)  Monthly  Per  Capita 
 Expenditure  -  Total  expenditure  divided 
 by  the  total  population  of  a  given 
 economy.  Poverty  Estimation  in  India  :  It 
 is  based  on  the  income  or  consumption 
 levels  and  if  the  income  or  consumption 
 falls  below  a  given  minimum  level,  then 
 the  household  is  said  to  be  Below  the 
 Poverty Line (BPL). 
 Q.385  .  The  national  poverty  line  for 
 2011-12  was  estimated  at____  per  capita 
 per month for urban areas of India. 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) ? 3,000  (b) ? 1,000 
 (c) ? 2,000  (d) ? 1,500 
 Sol.385.(b)  ?  1,000.  For  rural  areas  the 
 national  poverty  line  using  the  Tendulkar 
 methodology is estimated at Rs. 816 per 
 capita per month. 
 Q.386.  In  India,  what  type  of 
 unemployment  is  created  due  to  lack  of 
 employable  skills  among  the  educated 
 youths in India? 
 SSC CGL 27/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Structural unemployment 
 (b) Educated unemployment 
 (c) Cyclical unemployment 
 (d) Technological unemployment 
 Sol.386.(b)  Educated  unemployment. 
 Structural  unemployment  -  It  is  a  category 
 of  unemployment  arising  from  the 
 mismatch  between  the  jobs  available  in 
 the  market  and  the  skills  of  the  available 
 workers  in  the  market.  Technological 
 unemployment  -  It  is  the  loss  of  jobs  due 
 to changes in technology. 
 Q.387.  Which  of  the  following 
 unemployment  is  the  result  of 
 depression in an economy? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Cyclical unemployment 
 (b) Frictional unemployment 
 (c) Seasonal unemployment 
 (d) Structural unemployment 
 Sol.387.(a)  Cyclical  unemployment  -  It 
 occurs  with  changes  in  economic  activity 
 over  the  business  cycle.  Example  -  A 
 worker  who  loses  his  job  because  of 
 layoffs during a recession. 
 Q.388.  _________  unemployment  refers  to 
 the  lowest  unemployment  level  a  healthy 
 economy  can  sustain  without  causing 
 in?ation. 
 SSC MTS 12/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Structural  (b) Disguised 
 (c) Natural  (d) Frictional 
 Sol.388.(c)  Natural.  Disguised 
 Unemployment  is  a  kind  of 
 unemployment  in  which  there  are  people 
 who  are  visibly  employed  but  are  actually 
 unemployed. 
 Q.389.  Formula  to  ?nd  the 
 unemployment rate is  . 
 SSC MTS 13/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) (Unemployed male workers/Total 
 labour force) × 1000 
 (b) (Unemployed workers/Total labour 
 force) × 100 
 (c) (Employed workers/Total labour 
 force) × 100 
 (d) (Employed workers/Male labour 
 force) × 100 
 Sol.389.(b)  (Unemployed  workers/Total 
 labour  force)  ×  100.  Statistics  on 
 unemployment  in  India  had  traditionally 
 been  collected,  compiled  and 
 disseminated  once  every  ten  years  by  the 
 Ministry  of  Labour  and  Employment 
 (MLE). 
 Q.390.  Which  among  the  following  types 
 of  unemployment  is  also  known  as  the 
 real wage unemployment? 
 SSC MTS 16/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) classical  (b) seasonal 
 (c) structural  (d) frictional 
 Sol.390.(a)  Classical.  Real  wage 
 unemployment  occurs when wages are 
 set  above  the  equilibrium  level  causing 
 the  supply  of  labour  to  be  greater  than 
 demand. 
 Q.391.  In  pre-independent  India,  who  was 
 the  ?rst  person  to  discuss  the  concept  of 
 the poverty line? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) M.K Gandhi 
 (b) Mahadev Govind Ranade 
 (c) B.R. Ambedkar 
 (d) Dadabhai Naoroji 
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 Pinnacle  Economics 
 Sol.391.(d)  Dadabhai  Naoroji  (Grand  old 
 man  of  India)  .  He  criticised  the  britisher's 
 policy  of  economic  exploitation  of  India 
 through  his  book  “Poverty  and  Un-british 
 rule  in  India”  in  which  he  made  the 
 earliest  estimation  of  the  poverty  line 
 (?16 to ?35 per capita per year). 
 Q.392.  _______  ,  also  known  as  search 
 unemployment,  occurs  when  workers 
 lose  their  current  job  and  are  in  the 
 process of ?nding another one. 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Voluntary unemployment 
 (b) Disguised unemployment 
 (c) Frictional unemployment 
 (d) Classical unemployment 
 Sol.392.(c)  Frictional  unemployment  . 
 Voluntary  unemployment  is  a  situation 
 when  a  person  is  unemployed  not  due  to 
 unavailability  of  jobs  in  the  economy,  but 
 because  of  not  being  able  to  ?nd 
 employment of his or her own choice. 
 Q.393.  If  unemployment  continues  for 
 long-term  in  a  country,  it  is  called 
 ________ unemployment. 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) casual  (b) technological 
 (c) frictional  (d) Chronic 
 Sol.393.(d)  Chronic  unemployment. 
 Casual  Unemployment:  when  the  worker 
 is  employed  on  a  day-to-day  basis  for  a 
 contractual  job  and  has  to  leave  it  once 
 the contract terminates. 
 Q.394.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements  is  NOT  correct  with  respect 
 to the poverty line? 
 I.  In  India,  it  is  normally  estimated  after 
 every ten years. 
 II.  The  proportion  of  people  below  the 
 poverty  line  is  not  the  same  for  all  social 
 groups and economic categories in India. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.394.(d)  Only  I.  Below  Poverty  Line 
 (BPL)  -  Benchmark  used  by  the 
 government  of  India  to  identify 
 individuals  and  households  in  need  of 
 government assistance and aid. 
 Q.395  .  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  an 
 advantage of E-Commerce? 
 SSC CGL 02/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Cost saving and price reduction 
 (b) Late response to customer needs 
 (c) Wider choice 
 (d) Improved customer services 
 Sol.395.(b)  Late  response  to  customer 
 needs.  E-Commerce  is  a  business  model 
 that  lets  ?rms  and  individuals  buy  and 
 sell  things  over  the  Internet.  Advantages  : 
 increased  productivity  and  perfect 
 competition,  cuts  the  product  distribution 
 chain,  managing  business  easy  and 
 simple.  Disadvantage  :  chance  of 
 fraudulent  ?nancial  transactions  and  loss 
 of sensitive ?nancial information. 
 Q.396.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 classi?cation of E-Commerce? 
 SSC CGL 03/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) B2C (Business-to-Consumer) 
 (b) D2D (Distributor-to-Distributor) 
 (c) C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) 
 (d) B2B (Business-to-Business) 
 Sol.396.(b)  D2D  (Distributor-to- 
 Distributor).  Types  of  e  -  commerce 
 include  B2C  (Business  to  Consumer), 
 B2B  (Business  to  business),  C2C 
 (Consumer  to  Consumer),  P2P  (Peer  to 
 Peer),  and  M  -  Commerce  (Mobile 
 Commerce).  Examples  of  E-Commerce 
 are  Amazon,  Flipkart,  eBay,  Olx,  Quikr, 
 etc. 
 Q.397.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements is correct? 
 I.  The  Family  Welfare  Program  has  sought 
 to  promote  responsible  and  planned 
 parenthood on a mandatory  basis. 
 II.  The  National  Population  Policy  2000 
 provides  a  policy  framework  to  provide 
 free  and  compulsory  education  up  to  the 
 age of 14 years. 
 SSC CGL 03/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) I only 
 (c) II only  (d) Both I and II 
 Sol.397.(c)  II  only.  The  Family  Welfare 
 Programme  (launched  in  1952)  seeks  to 
 promote  responsible  and  planned 
 parenthood  through  voluntary  (not  on  a 
 mandatory  basis)  choice  of  family 
 planning methods. 
 Q.398.  With  respect  to  India’s  foreign 
 trade,  which  year  is  referred  to  as  the 
 year of division? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 2010  (b) 1991  (c) 1981  (d) 1996 
 Sol.398.(b) 1991  . 
 Q.399.  The  government  of  India  initiated 
 the  comprehensive  family  planning 
 programme in the year _____________ 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) 1960  (b) 1991  (c) 1952  (d) 1982 
 Sol.399.(c)  1952.  India  was  the  ?rst 
 country  in  the  world  to  have  launched  a 
 National Programme for Family Planning. 
 Q.400.  Which of the following funds was 
 created  in  2005  to  channelise  funds 
 received  from  disinvestment  proceeds  of 
 PSUs? 
 SSC CPO  09/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) National Public Fund 
 (b) National Investment Fund 
 (c) Disinvestment Fund 
 (d) New Investment Fund 
 Sol.400.(b) National Investment Fund. 
 Aim  -  the  proceeds  from  disinvestment 
 of  Central  Public  Sector  Enterprises  were 
 to be channelized. 
 Q.401.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 cause of rural poverty in India? 
 SSC MTS 14/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Migration from rural areas 
 (b) Lack of alternate employment 
 opportunities other than agriculture 
 (c) Illiteracy 
 (d) Lack of capital 
 Sol.401.(a)  Migration  from  rural  areas. 
 Rural  poverty  often  stems  from  limited 
 access  to  markets,  education,  quality 
 infrastructure,  employment  opportunities, 
 health, and ?nancial products. 
 Q.402.  A  person  is  said  to  be  in  marginal 
 employment  if  she/he  has  worked  for 
 fewer  than  ______  months  in  the  year 
 preceding the Census. 
 SSC MTS 18/07/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 12     (b) 6    (c) 3       (d) 9 
 Sol.402.(b  )  6.  Those  who  had  not 
 worked  for  the  major  part  of  the  year  ( 
 i.e.  those  who  had  worked  for  less  than  6 
 months  or  less  than  183  days  in  a  year) 
 were termed as marginal workers. 
 Q.403.  The  poverty  line  in  India  is 
 normally  estimated  ______  by  conducting 
 sample surveys. 
 SSC MTS 18/07/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) every ten years     (b) every ?ve years 
 (c) every six years      (d) twice a year 
 Sol.403.(b)  every  Five  years  .  These 
 surveys  are  carried  out  by  the  National 
 Sample Survey Organisation  (NSSO). 
 Q.404.  The  Cabinet  Committee  on 
 Economic  Affairs  (CCEA)  approved  an 
 increase  in  the  Minimum  Support  Prices 
 (MSPs)  for  all  mandated  Rabi  crops  for 
 the  marketing  season  2021–22  in  line 
 with  the  recommendations  of  the  ______ 
 Commission. 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Kothari  (b) Nanavati 
 (c) Swaminathan  (d) Mukherjee 
 Sol.404.(c)  Swaminathan  Commission  - 
 The  National  Commission  on  Farmers 
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 Pinnacle  Economics 
 (NCF)  was  constituted  on  November  18, 
 2004  under  the  chairmanship  of 
 Professor  M.S. Swaminathan  . 
 Q.405.  The  system  of  MSP  (Minimum 
 Support  Price)  was  ?rst  introduced  for 
 ______  in  1966-67  and  later  expanded  to 
 include other essential food crops. 
 SSC CGL 19/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) jowar  (b) bajra   (c) wheat   (d) ragi 
 Sol.405.(c)  Wheat  .  Minimum  Support 
 Price  (MSP)  is  a  form  of  market 
 intervention  by  the  Government  of  India 
 to  insure  agricultural  producers  against 
 any  sharp  fall  in  farm  prices.  Crops 
 covered  by  MSPs  include:  7  types  of 
 cereals  (paddy,  wheat,  maize,  bajra, 
 jowar,  ragi  and  barley),  5  types  of  pulses 
 (chana,  arhar/tur,  urad,  moong  and 
 masoor),  7  oilseeds  (rapeseed-mustard, 
 groundnut,  soyabean,  sun?ower, 
 sesamum,  sa?ower,  niger  seed),  3 
 commercial  crops  (cotton,  copra,  raw 
 jute,).  Fair  Remunerative  Prices- 
 Sugarcane. 
 Q.406.  Who  among  the  following  was  the 
 Chairperson  of  the  Disinvestment 
 Commission,  Ministry  of  Industry 
 (Department  of  Public  Enterprises) 
 established in 1996? 
 SSC MTS 26/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Arundhati Roy  (b) NK Singh 
 (c) Arvind Mehta   (d) GV Ramakrishna 
 Sol.406.(d)  GV  Ramakrishna  was  the 
 Chairperson  of  the  Disinvestment 
 Commission,  Ministry  of  Industry 
 (Department  of  Public  Enterprises) 
 established  in  1996  .  It  was  set  up  to 
 advise,  supervise,  monitor,  and  publicise 
 the  gradual  disinvestment  of  Indian 
 PSUs. 
 Q.407.  Who  among  the  following 
 economists  coined  the  terminology 
 'Hindu Rate of Growth'? 
 SSC CGL 13/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Amiya Bagchi  (b) Vijay Kelkar 
 (c) Raj Krishna      (d) Bimal Jalan 
 Sol.407.(c)  Raj  Krishna.  The  Hindu  rate 
 of  growth  is  a  term  referring  to  the  low 
 annual  growth  rate  of  the  economy  of 
 India  before  the  economic  reforms  of 
 1991,  which  stagnated  around  3.5%  from 
 1950s  to  1980s,  while  per  capita  income 
 growth averaged around 1.3%. 
 Q.408.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 feature of food security? 
 SSC CGL 16/08/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Availability  (b) Affordability 
 (c) Acceptability  (d) Accessibility 
 Sol.408.(c)  Acceptability  .  The  main 
 features  of  food  security  are  availability, 
 affordability,  accessibility,  utilisation,  and 
 stability. 
 Stock, Debentures and Foreign 
 Trade 
 Q.409.  Which  of  the  following  is  an 
 advantage of foreign competition? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) No requirement to develop new 
 products 
 (b) Incentive to produce e?ciently 
 (c) Expansion of foreign market 
 (d) Saving of foreign exchange reserves 
 Sol.409.(b)  Incentive  to  produce 
 e?ciently.  Other  Advantages  of  Foreign 
 Competition:  Lower  prices,  Increased 
 e?ciency,  Increased  consumer  choice, 
 Increased  trade,  Increased  innovation. 
 Disadvantages:  Job  losses,  Decreasing 
 pro?t  margins,  Loss  of  market  share, 
 Dependency on foreign countries. 
 Q.410.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 component of investment ? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Addition to residential construction 
 (b) Money spent on purchasing shares of 
 a company 
 (c) Machinery and equipment employed 
 by a ?rm 
 (d) Inventories of raw materials stocked 
 by a ?rm 
 Sol.410.(b)  Buying  shares  of  a 
 company-  It  is  not  deemed  an 
 investment  as  it  does  not  directly 
 enhance  productive  capacity.  Share 
 purchase  grants  ownership  in  the 
 company  but  not  in  its  capital  goods, 
 which  the  company  might  acquire  with 
 share-sale funds. 
 Q.411.  The  country  can  improve  its 
 balance  of  payments  by  devaluation 
 when  the  sum  of  elasticity  of  demand  for 
 exports and imports is  . 
 SSC CGL 25/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) less than unity  (b) equal to unity 
 (c) greater than unity   (d) zero 
 Sol.411.(c) Greater than unity.  It is called 
 the  Marshall-Lerner  condition  in 
 economics.  If  the  domestic  currency 
 devalues,  imports  become  more 
 expensive,  and  exports  become  cheaper 
 due  to  the  change  in  relative  prices. 
 Balance  of  Payment  (BoP)  :  It  is  a 
 statement  of  all  transactions  made 
 between  entities  in  one  country  and  the 
 rest  of  the  world  over  a  de?ned  period, 
 such  as  a  quarter  or  a  year.  Two  main 
 accounts  in  the  BoP:  Current  account  -  It 
 includes  a  nation's  net  trade  in  goods  and 
 services.  Capital  account  -  It  consists  of 
 a  nation's  transactions  in  ?nancial 
 instruments and central bank reserves. 
 Q.412.  The  index  titled  SENSEX  of  BSE 
 (erstwhile  Bombay  Stock  Exchange)  is  an 
 index  of  trading  of  top  ______  companies 
 in  terms  of  their  volume  of  trade  and 
 their share prices. 
 SSC MTS 13/10/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) ten  (b) thirty    (c) hundred    (d) ?fty 
 Sol.412.(b)  thirty.  The  full  form  of 
 SENSEX  is  the  Stock  Exchange  Sensitive 
 Index.  Published  on  1  January  1986,  the 
 BSE SENSEX is regarded as the pulse of 
 the domestic stock markets in India. 
 Q.413.  In  which  year  was  the  Foreign 
 Exchange  Management  Act  (FEMA) 
 enacted to replace the Foreign Exchange 
 Regulation Act (FERA)? 
 SSC MTS 18/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) 1999   (b) 1988   (c) 2014   (d) 1992 
 Sol.413.(a)  1999.  The  Parliament  has 
 enacted  the  Foreign  Exchange 
 Management  Act,1999  to  replace  the 
 Foreign  Exchange  Regulation  Act,  1973. 
 This  Act  came  into  force  on  the  1st  day 
 of June, 2000. 
 Q.414.  Bombay  Stock  Exchange  became 
 the  ?rst  stock  exchange  in  India  to 
 launch  commodity  derivatives  contracts 
 in gold and ______. 
 SSC CGL 18/08/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) diamond  (b) silver 
 (c) platinum  (d) equity 
 Sol.414.(b)  silver.  BSE  was  established 
 in  1875  by  cotton  merchant  Premchand 
 Roychand  and  is  located  in  Dalal  Street, 
 Mumbai.  It  is  the  oldest  Stock  Exchange 
 in  Asia.  It  is  the  ?rst  stock  exchange  of 
 Asia.  The  Dutch  East  India  Company 
 (founded  in  1602)  was  the  ?rst 
 joint-stock  company  to  get  a  ?xed  capital 
 stock. 
 Fiscal Policy and  Monetary 
 Policy 
 Q.415.  Which  de?cit  re?ects  the 
 borrowing needs of the government? 
 SSC MTS 14/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Capital loss           (b) Revenue de?cit 
 (c) Primary de?cit         (d) ?scal de?cit 
 Sol.415.(d)  Fiscal  de?cit  :  The  difference 
 between  total  revenue  and  total 
 expenditure  of  the  government.  Fiscal 
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 Pinnacle  Economics 
 De?cit  =  Total  expenditure  of  the 
 government  (Capital  and  Revenue 
 expenditure)  –  Total  income  of  the 
 government  (Revenue  receipts  +  recovery 
 of loans + other receipts). 
 Q.416.  What  is  the  change  in  ?scal 
 de?cit  if  both  the  primary  de?cit  and 
 interest payments are doubled? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Increase by 100% 
 (b) Increase by 200% 
 (c) Decrease by 50% 
 (d) Decrease by 100% 
 Sol.416.(a)  Increase  by  100%.  Primary 
 de?cit  -  It  is  de?ned  as  the  ?scal  de?cit 
 of  the  current  year  minus  interest 
 payments on previous borrowings. 
 Q.417.  Gross  primary  de?cit  is  equal  to 
 ________. 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) difference between gross ?scal 
 de?cit and interest payments 
 (b) difference between total expenditure 
 and total receipts 
 (c) difference between net borrowings 
 and net capital receipts 
 (d) difference between revenue de?cit 
 and capital expenditure 
 Sol.417.(a)  Gross  Primary  De?cit  is 
 Gross  Fiscal  De?cit  less  interest 
 payments. 
 Q.418.  The  general  target  of  the 
 monetary policy is to ensure ___________ . 
 A) price stability in the economy 
 B)  greater  tax  collections  for  the 
 government 
 C)  employment  generation  in  the  rural 
 areas 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Both B and C                (b) Only C 
 (c) Both A and B                (d) Only A 
 Sol.418.(d)  Only  A.  Monetary  policy  - 
 Actions  and  strategies  adopted  by  a 
 central  bank  to  control  the  money  supply, 
 interest  rates,  and  credit  availability  in  an 
 economy,  aiming  to  achieve  stable  prices 
 and sustainable economic growth. 
 Q.419.  In  which  year  did  the  Government 
 of  India  bring  FRBM  (Fiscal 
 Responsibility  and  Budget  Management) 
 Act into effect ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) 2015-16                           (b) 2012-13 
 (c) 2004-05                          (d) 2008-09 
 Sol.419.(c)  2004-05.  The  Fiscal 
 Responsibility  and  Budget  Management 
 (FRBM)  Act  2003  envisages  the  setting 
 of  limits  on  the  Central  government’s 
 debt  and  de?cit.  The  Centre  and  states 
 are  mandated  to  reduce  their  ?scal 
 de?cit to 3 percent of GDP  . 
 Q.420.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 monetary policy instrument of RBI ? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Government Spending 
 (b) Bank Rate 
 (c) Open Market Operations 
 (d) Cash Reserve Ratio 
 Sol.420.(a)  Government  Spending.  The 
 money  spent  by  the  public  sector  on  the 
 acquisition  of  goods  and  provision  of 
 services  such  as  education,  healthcare, 
 social protection, and defence. 
 Q.421.  __________  refers  to  a  method 
 adopted  by  the  Central  Bank  to  persuade 
 or  convince  the  commercial  banks  to 
 advance  credit  in  the  economic  interest 
 of the country. 
 SSC MTS 17/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Marginal Standing Facility 
 (b) Moral Suasion 
 (c) Credit Rationing 
 (d) Margin Requirements 
 Sol.421.(b)  Moral  Suasion.  Marginal 
 Standing  Facility  (MSF):  Facility  under 
 which  scheduled  commercial  banks  can 
 borrow  additional  amounts  under 
 overnight  facility  by  dipping  in  their 
 'Statutory  Liquidity  Ratio'  (SLR)  portfolio 
 up to a certain limit. 
 Q.422.  Which  among  the  following 
 statements is incorrect? 
 SSC MTS 18/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) An increase in the bank rate will 
 decrease the money supply. 
 (b) Lower the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), 
 lower will be the liquidity in the 
 system. 
 (c) Higher the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), 
 lower will be the liquidity in the 
 system. 
 (d) Lower the Statutory Liquidity Ratio 
 (SLR), higher will be the liquidity in the 
 system. 
 Sol.422.(b)  The  lower  the  CRR,  Higher 
 will  be  the  liquidity  in  the  system. 
 Increasing  the  CRR  reduces  the  lendable 
 resources  of  banks,  which  may  lead  to  a 
 scarcity of funds. 
 Q.423.  Who  chairs  the  Monetary  Policy 
 Committee in India? 
 SSC MTS 14/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Union Finance minister 
 (b) Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of 
 India 
 (c) Comptroller and Auditor General of 
 India 
 (d) Governor, Reserve Bank of India 
 Sol.423.(d)  Governor,  Reserve  Bank  of 
 India.  The  Monetary  Policy  Committee 
 (MPC)  is  a  statutory  body  constituted  as 
 per  Section  45ZB  under  the  RBI  Act  of 
 1934  by  the  Central  Government.It 
 consists:  -  RBI  Governor  as  its  ex  o?cio 
 chairperson,  Deputy  Governor  in  charge 
 of  monetary  policy,  member  ex  o?cio,  An 
 o?cer  of  the  Bank  nominated  by  the 
 Central  Board  as  member  ex  o?cio, 
 Three  persons  are  appointed  by  the 
 central government. 
 Q.424.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements  is  correct  regarding  the  bank 
 reserves? 
 I.  These  reserves  are  kept  partly  as  cash 
 and  partly  in  the  form  of  ?nancial 
 instruments. 
 II.  Cash  Reserves  Ratio  are  deposits 
 which  commercial  banks  keep  with  the 
 Reserve Bank of India. 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Only II  (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Only I  (d) Neither I nor II 
 Sol.424.(b)  Both I and II  . 
 Q.425.  Which  of  the  following 
 combinations  of  tenors  of  Treasury  bills 
 issued  by  the  Government  of  India  is 
 correct ? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 82 days , 182 days , 345 days 
 (b) 91 days,  152 days , 356 days 
 (c) 91 days , 182 days , 364 days 
 (d) 61 days , 145 days , 360 days 
 Sol.425.(c)  91  days,  182  days,  and  364 
 days.  Treasury  Bills  are  short-term 
 ?nancial  instruments  issued  by  the 
 government to meet its expenditure. 
 Q.426.  The  monetary  policy  instrument 
 called 'bank rate' is aligned to ______. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Liquidity adjustment facility 
 (b) Cash Reserve ratio 
 (c) Discount rate 
 (d) Marginal standing facility rate 
 Sol.426.(d)  Marginal  standing  facility 
 rate.  It  is  a  scheme  launched  by  the  RBI 
 in  2011-12  .  Liquidity  adjustment  facility 
 is  a  monetary  policy  tool  used  by  the  RBI 
 in  India  through  which  it  absorbs  liquidity 
 in  the  banking  system.  It  was  introduced 
 by  the  Narasimham  Committee  (1998). 
 Discount  Rate  is  the  interest  rate  at 
 which  the  central  bank  lends  to 
 commercial banks to meet their liquidity 
 needs. 
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 Pinnacle  Economics 
 Q.427.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements  is  correct  regarding  the 
 government securities in the economy? 
 I. It is a tradable instrument issued by 
 the  Central  Government  or  the  State 
 Governments. 
 II.  They  are  called  risk-free  gilt-edged 
 instruments. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) Only I 
 (c) Only II  (d) Both I and II 
 Sol.427.(d)  Both  I  and  II.  A  Government 
 Security  (G-Sec)  is  a  tradable  instrument 
 issued  by  the  Central  Government  or  the 
 State  Governments.  It  acknowledges  the 
 Government’s  debt  obligation.  G-Secs 
 carry  practically  no  risk  of  default  and, 
 hence,  are  called  risk-free  gilt-edged 
 instruments. 
 Q.428.  Who  is  the  Chairman  of  Financial 
 Stability  and  Development  Council 
 (FSDC) of India? 
 SSC MTS 14/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Finance Minister 
 (b) Human Resource Development 
 Minister 
 (c) Home Minister 
 (d) Skill Development Minister 
 Sol.428.(a)  Finance  Minister.  Financial 
 Stability  and  Development  Council 
 (FSDC)  is  a  non-statutory  apex  council 
 under  the  Ministry  of  Finance  constituted 
 by  the  Executive  Order  in  2010. 
 Raghuram  Rajan  committee  (2008) 
 proposed  its  creation.  It  is  chaired  by  the 
 Finance  Minister  and  its  sub-committee 
 is headed by the Governor of RBI. 
 Q.429.  When  the  government  resorts  to 
 borrowing  only  to  clear  the  backlog  if 
 interest payments, it is referred to as : 
 SSC CHSL 25/05/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) zero revenue de?cit 
 (b) zero primary de?cit 
 (c) zero ?scal de?cit 
 (d) excess budget de?cit 
 Sol.429.(b)  Zero primary de?cit  . 
 Q.430.  If  the  in?ation  in  an  economy  is 
 rising  steadily,  the  Central  Bank  might 
 ______. 
 SSC CGL  06/03/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) keep the repo rate unchanged 
 (b) decrease the repo rate 
 (c) decrease the reverse repo rate 
 (d) increase the repo rate 
 Sol.430.(d)  Increase  the  repo  rate.  An 
 increased  repo  rate  acts  as  a 
 disincentive  for  banks  to  borrow  from  the 
 RBI.  Reduced  money  supply  in  the 
 economy helps control in?ation. 
 Miscellaneous 
 Q.431.  Which  organisation  in  India  holds 
 the  responsibility  for  setting  the 
 maximum  residue  limits  (MRLs)  of 
 pesticides in food materials? 
 SSC CHSL Tier II  10/01/2024 
 (a) Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) 
 (b) Food Safety and Standards Authority 
 of India (FSSAI) 
 (c) Ministry of Food Processing 
 Industries 
 (d) Food Corporation of India (FCI) 
 Sol.431.(b)  Food  Safety  and  standard 
 Authority  of  India  (FSSAI)  -  It  is  an 
 autonomous  statutory  body  established 
 under  the  Food  Safety  and  Standards 
 Act,  2006.  It  comes  under  the 
 Administrative  control  of  the  Ministry  of 
 Health  &  Family  Welfare.  Headquarter  - 
 New Delhi. 
 Q.432.  What  is  the  name  of  the 
 Comprehensive  Household  Survey 
 providing  labour  force  statistics  in  India, 
 which was ?rst conducted in 1955 ? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Area Frame Establishment Survey 
 (AFES) 
 (b) Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 
 (c) Quarterly Employment Survey (QES) 
 (d) Employment-Unemployment Survey 
 (EUS) 
 Sol.432.(d)  Employment-Unemployment 
 Survey  (EUS).  It  was  ?rst  conducted  in 
 the  9th  round  of  the  National  Sample 
 Survey  (NSS)  in  1955.  The  current  format 
 of  quinquennial  (every  5  years)  surveys 
 started  in  the  27th  round  in  1972-73, 
 based  on  the  M.  L.  Dantwala  Committee 
 Report. 
 Q.433.  Which  of  the  following 
 government  departments  is  associated 
 with infrastructure development in India ? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Division of Electricity Agenda 
 (b) Division of Economic Agenda 
 (c) Department of Energy Affairs 
 (d) Department of Economic Affairs 
 Sol.433.(d)  Department  of  Economic 
 Affairs  -  It  comes  under  the  Ministry  of 
 ?nance.  Other  Functions:  Responsible  for 
 the  ?scal  policy,  Preparation  of  budget 
 (Union,  union  territories,  States  under 
 president  rule)  including  the  Railway 
 component  of  budget,  announces  the 
 Interest rates of small saving schemes. 
 Q.434.  When  was  the  8th  round  of  the 
 General  Agreement  on  Tariffs  and  Trade 
 (GATT),  the  so-called  'Uruguay  Round' 
 which  led  to  the  establishment  of  World 
 Trade Organization (WTO) completed ? 
 SSC CPO 05/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) 1992  (b) 1993  (c) 1991  (d) 1994 
 Sol.434.(d)  1994.  The  General 
 Agreement  on  Tariffs  and  Trade  (GATT) 
 was  signed  in  Geneva  in  1947  by  23 
 countries,  entered  into  force  on  1 
 January  1948.  The  Uruguay  Round  of 
 Conference  (1987  to  1994),  culminated 
 in  the  Marrakesh  Agreement,  which  led  to 
 the  establishment  of  the  World  Trade 
 Organization (1 January 1995). 
 Q.435.  According  to  National  Statistical 
 O?ce  (NSO)  data,  India's  average  literacy 
 rate in 2021 was_______. 
 SSC CPO 05/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 77.70%  (b) 78.71% 
 (c) 76.70%  (d) 70.50% 
 Sol.435.(a)  77.70%.  The  male  literacy 
 rate  was  84.70%,  and  female  literacy  was 
 70.30%  in  2021.  NSO  -  It  has  been 
 formed  by  merging  the  National  Sample 
 Survey  O?ce  (NSSO)  with  the  Central 
 Statistical  O?ce  (CSO).  It  comes  under 
 the  control  of  the  Ministry  of  Statistics 
 and Programme Implementation. 
 Q.436  .  Which  curve  examines  the 
 relationship  between  the  rate  of 
 unemployment  and  the  rate  of  money 
 wage changes? 
 SSC MTS 14/09/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Phillips curve    (b) Indifference curve 
 (c) Supply curve     (d) Demand curve 
 Sol.436.(a)  Phillips  curve.  Indifference 
 curve  -  A  graphical  representation  of  a 
 combined  product  that  gives  similar  kind 
 of  satisfaction  to  a  consumer  thereby 
 making them indifferent. 
 Q.437.  The  Village  and  Small  Scale 
 Industries  Committee  is  also  referred  to 
 as the _______ 
 SSC CHSL 02/08/2023 (2nd shift). 
 (a) Mahalanobis Committee 
 (b) Munshi Committee 
 (c) Karve Committee 
 (d) Chakravarty Committee 
 Sol.437.(c)  Karve  Committee  (set  up  in 
 1955).  Mahalanobis  Committee  (1960)  - 
 To  ?nd  an  answer  to  the  question  of  who 
 bene?ted  from  the  ?rst  and  second 
 ?ve-year  plans,  as  the  per  capita  income 
 of the people was not increasing. The 
 Q.438.  Which  of  the  following  indicators 
 is  the  best  to  assess  the  living  standard 
 of people? 
 SSC CHSL 02/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Literacy rate 
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