SSC CGL Previous Year Questions (2023-20): Chemistry - 2 | SSC CGL Previous Year Papers PDF Download

 Page 1


 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 Sol.286.(d)  Steam  distillation  is 
 aseparation  process  that  consists  of 
 distilling  water  together  with  other 
 volatile  and  non-volatile  components. 
 The  coarse  substance  feels  rough  and 
 hard,  used  by  gymnasts  as  it  increases 
 the  friction  between  the  bar  and  the 
 gymnast's hands. 
 Q.287.  Which  of  the  following  techniques 
 can  be  used  for  reducing  the  total 
 dissolved solids (TDS) in water? 
 (1) Ion Exchange 
 (2) Distillation 
 (3) Carding 
 SSC CGL 19/04/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only 1  (b) Only 3 
 (c) Both 1 and 2  (d) Both 2 and 3 
 Sol.287.(c)  Both  1  and  2  .  The  TDS  (Total 
 Dissolved  Solids)  level  between  50-150  is 
 considered  as  the  most  suitable  and 
 acceptable. 
 Q.288.  Which  among  the  following  is 
 NOT  true  about  a  solution  and  the  solute 
 concerned? 
 SSC CPO 24/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) The particles of the solute do not 
 scatter a beam of light 
 (b) The particles of the solute settle 
 down at the bottom when the solution 
 is  kept undisturbed. 
 (c) The particles of the solute cannot be 
 seen with unaided eyes. 
 (d) A solution is a homogeneous mixture 
 Sol.288.(b)  Only  the  particles  of  a  Solute 
 in  a  Heterogeneous  solution  settle  down 
 at  the  bottom  when  the  solution  is  left 
 undisturbed.  In  a  homogenous  solution 
 the  solute  gets  dissolved  completely  in 
 the  solvent.  For  example  salt  or  sugar  in 
 water gets completely dissolved. 
 Q.289.  Solubility  of  gases  in  liquids  _____ 
 with decrease in temperature. 
 SSC CPO 25/11/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Remains constant 
 (b) First decreases and then increases 
 (c) Increases 
 (d) decreases 
 Sol.289.(c)  Increases.  Solubility  of 
 gases  in  liquids  increases  with  decrease 
 in  temperature  and  it  decreases  with  the 
 increase  in  temperature.  Adding  heat  to 
 the  solution  provides  thermal  energy  that 
 overcomes  the  attractive  forces  between 
 the gas and the solvent molecules. 
 Q.290.  ____  Law  of  independent 
 migration  of  ions  states  that  limiting 
 molar  conductivity  of  an  electrolyte  can 
 be  represented  as  the  sum  of  the 
 individual contributions of the anion and 
 cation of the electrolyte. 
 SSC CPO 25/11/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Dirac  (b) Feynman 
 (c) Schrodinger  (d) Kohlrausch 
 Sol.290.(d)  Kohlrausch  Law  is 
 dependent  on  the  nature  of  the  solvent 
 and  on  the  potential  gradient  but  not  on 
 the  other  ions  present.  Kohlrausch  Law 
 helps  in  determination  of  limiting  molar 
 conductivities  for  any  electrolyte.  Weak 
 electrolytes  have  lower  molar 
 conductivities  and  lower  degree  of 
 dissociation at higher concentrations. 
 Chemistry in Everyday life 
 Q.291.  Match List-I with List-II. 
 List-I 
 (Chemical compound) 
 List-II 
 (Spices) 
 A. Curcuminoids  1. Cardamom 
 B. 1, 8-cineole  2. Black pepper 
 C. Eugenol  3. Turmeric 
 D. Piperine  4. Cloves 
 SSC CGL Tier II  26/10/2023 
 (a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1 
 (b) A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2 
 (c) A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 4 
 (d) A - 1, B - 4, C - 3, D - 2 
 Sol.291.(b)  A  -  3,  B  -  1,  C  -  4,  D  -  2. 
 Chemical  Constituents  of  spices  : 
 Coriander  -  Linalool,  borneol,  terpineol, 
 cumene.  Saffron  -  Crocins,  safranal, 
 salicylic,  vanillic  acid.  Mustard  seeds  - 
 Allyl  isothiocyanate.  Garlic  -  Allicin. 
 Ginger  -  Gingerol.  Cumin  -  Cumin 
 aldehyde. 
 Q.292.  Out  of  the  following,  identify  the 
 process  that  does  NOT  involve  a 
 chemical reaction. 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Cloth cleaning using detergent 
 (b) Ripening of mango 
 (c) Change of colour of turmeric due to 
 soap 
 (d) Cooling effect of nail polish remover 
 Sol.292.(d)  Cooling  effect  of  nail  polish 
 remover  .  Chemical  reactions  :  It  is  a 
 reaction  in  which  the  bonds  are  broken 
 within  reactant  molecules,  and  new 
 bonds  are  formed  within  product 
 molecules  in  order  to  form  a  new 
 substance.  Examples  -  Cooking  food, 
 Cleaning  clothes,  Burning  fuel,  Rusting  of 
 iron,  Photosynthesis  in  plants,  Digestion, 
 Combustion,  Boiling  an  egg,  Ripening  of 
 fruits. 
 Q.293.  Which  chemical  compound  is 
 present  in  hard  plastic  such  as  drinking 
 water bottles and many household 
 items? 
 SSC Stenographer 13/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Bisphenol A  (b) Tri?uralin 
 (c) Chrome alum  (d) Heptachlor 
 Sol.293.(a)  Bisphenol  A  (BPA).  Other 
 uses  -  Used  in  beverage  containers, 
 compact  disks,  plastic  dinnerware, 
 impact  -resistant  safety  equipment, 
 automobile  parts,  and  toys.  BPA  is  toxic 
 for  humans  and  animals.  Uses  of  some 
 compounds  :  Tri?uralin  -  Used  as 
 herbicide.  Chrome  alum  -  In  the  tanning 
 of  leather.  Heptachlor  -  As  a  soil  and 
 seed treatment and for termite control. 
 Q.294.  Which  of  the  following  is 
 considered a chemical hazard in food? 
 SSC Stenographer 13/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Stones  (b) sand 
 (c) Jewellery  (d) Pesticides residues 
 Sol.294.(d)  Pesticides  residues. 
 Pesticides  are  one  of  the  major  inputs 
 used  for  increasing  agricultural 
 productivity  of  crops.  The  pesticide 
 residues,  left  to  variable  extent  in  the 
 food  materials  after  harvesting,  are 
 beyond  the  control  of  consumers  and 
 have  deleterious  effects  on  human 
 health.  Pesticides  are  chemical 
 compounds  that  are  used  to  kill  pests, 
 including  insects,  rodents,  fungi  and 
 unwanted  plants  (weeds).  Examples  of 
 synthetic  chemical  pesticides  are  DDT, 
 Heptachlor, Chlordane. 
 Q.295.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 food preservative? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Aqua regia  (b) Sodium nitrite 
 (c) Vinegar  (d) Sodium chloride 
 Sol.295.(a)  Aqua  Regia.  It  is  used  for 
 puri?cation  purposes  of  gold  and 
 platinum.  It  is  a  mixture  of  nitric  acid 
 (HNO 
 3 
 )  and  hydrochloric  acid  (HCl)  in  the 
 ratio  of  1:3.  Sodium  Nitrate  (Chile 
 Saltpetre)  -  NaNO 
 3 
 .  Vinegar  (Acetic  acid) 
 -  CH 
 3 
 COOH.  Sodium  Chloride  (Salt)  - 
 NaCl. 
 Q.296.  Which  gas  is  the  major 
 component of biogas? 
 SSC CHSL 02/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) CNG  (b) Methane 
 (c) Hydrogen  (d) LPG 
 Sol.296.(b)  Methane  (CH 
 4 
 ).  It  has  a  high 
 heat  of  combustion  (CH 
 4 
 +  2O 
 2 
 ?  CO 
 2 
 + 
 2H 
 2 
 O  +  heat).  It  is  used  as  fuel.  Biogas  is 
 formed  by  the  decomposition  of  organic 
 matter  with  the  action  of  bacteria  in  the 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 455
Page 2


 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 Sol.286.(d)  Steam  distillation  is 
 aseparation  process  that  consists  of 
 distilling  water  together  with  other 
 volatile  and  non-volatile  components. 
 The  coarse  substance  feels  rough  and 
 hard,  used  by  gymnasts  as  it  increases 
 the  friction  between  the  bar  and  the 
 gymnast's hands. 
 Q.287.  Which  of  the  following  techniques 
 can  be  used  for  reducing  the  total 
 dissolved solids (TDS) in water? 
 (1) Ion Exchange 
 (2) Distillation 
 (3) Carding 
 SSC CGL 19/04/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only 1  (b) Only 3 
 (c) Both 1 and 2  (d) Both 2 and 3 
 Sol.287.(c)  Both  1  and  2  .  The  TDS  (Total 
 Dissolved  Solids)  level  between  50-150  is 
 considered  as  the  most  suitable  and 
 acceptable. 
 Q.288.  Which  among  the  following  is 
 NOT  true  about  a  solution  and  the  solute 
 concerned? 
 SSC CPO 24/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) The particles of the solute do not 
 scatter a beam of light 
 (b) The particles of the solute settle 
 down at the bottom when the solution 
 is  kept undisturbed. 
 (c) The particles of the solute cannot be 
 seen with unaided eyes. 
 (d) A solution is a homogeneous mixture 
 Sol.288.(b)  Only  the  particles  of  a  Solute 
 in  a  Heterogeneous  solution  settle  down 
 at  the  bottom  when  the  solution  is  left 
 undisturbed.  In  a  homogenous  solution 
 the  solute  gets  dissolved  completely  in 
 the  solvent.  For  example  salt  or  sugar  in 
 water gets completely dissolved. 
 Q.289.  Solubility  of  gases  in  liquids  _____ 
 with decrease in temperature. 
 SSC CPO 25/11/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Remains constant 
 (b) First decreases and then increases 
 (c) Increases 
 (d) decreases 
 Sol.289.(c)  Increases.  Solubility  of 
 gases  in  liquids  increases  with  decrease 
 in  temperature  and  it  decreases  with  the 
 increase  in  temperature.  Adding  heat  to 
 the  solution  provides  thermal  energy  that 
 overcomes  the  attractive  forces  between 
 the gas and the solvent molecules. 
 Q.290.  ____  Law  of  independent 
 migration  of  ions  states  that  limiting 
 molar  conductivity  of  an  electrolyte  can 
 be  represented  as  the  sum  of  the 
 individual contributions of the anion and 
 cation of the electrolyte. 
 SSC CPO 25/11/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Dirac  (b) Feynman 
 (c) Schrodinger  (d) Kohlrausch 
 Sol.290.(d)  Kohlrausch  Law  is 
 dependent  on  the  nature  of  the  solvent 
 and  on  the  potential  gradient  but  not  on 
 the  other  ions  present.  Kohlrausch  Law 
 helps  in  determination  of  limiting  molar 
 conductivities  for  any  electrolyte.  Weak 
 electrolytes  have  lower  molar 
 conductivities  and  lower  degree  of 
 dissociation at higher concentrations. 
 Chemistry in Everyday life 
 Q.291.  Match List-I with List-II. 
 List-I 
 (Chemical compound) 
 List-II 
 (Spices) 
 A. Curcuminoids  1. Cardamom 
 B. 1, 8-cineole  2. Black pepper 
 C. Eugenol  3. Turmeric 
 D. Piperine  4. Cloves 
 SSC CGL Tier II  26/10/2023 
 (a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1 
 (b) A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2 
 (c) A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 4 
 (d) A - 1, B - 4, C - 3, D - 2 
 Sol.291.(b)  A  -  3,  B  -  1,  C  -  4,  D  -  2. 
 Chemical  Constituents  of  spices  : 
 Coriander  -  Linalool,  borneol,  terpineol, 
 cumene.  Saffron  -  Crocins,  safranal, 
 salicylic,  vanillic  acid.  Mustard  seeds  - 
 Allyl  isothiocyanate.  Garlic  -  Allicin. 
 Ginger  -  Gingerol.  Cumin  -  Cumin 
 aldehyde. 
 Q.292.  Out  of  the  following,  identify  the 
 process  that  does  NOT  involve  a 
 chemical reaction. 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Cloth cleaning using detergent 
 (b) Ripening of mango 
 (c) Change of colour of turmeric due to 
 soap 
 (d) Cooling effect of nail polish remover 
 Sol.292.(d)  Cooling  effect  of  nail  polish 
 remover  .  Chemical  reactions  :  It  is  a 
 reaction  in  which  the  bonds  are  broken 
 within  reactant  molecules,  and  new 
 bonds  are  formed  within  product 
 molecules  in  order  to  form  a  new 
 substance.  Examples  -  Cooking  food, 
 Cleaning  clothes,  Burning  fuel,  Rusting  of 
 iron,  Photosynthesis  in  plants,  Digestion, 
 Combustion,  Boiling  an  egg,  Ripening  of 
 fruits. 
 Q.293.  Which  chemical  compound  is 
 present  in  hard  plastic  such  as  drinking 
 water bottles and many household 
 items? 
 SSC Stenographer 13/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Bisphenol A  (b) Tri?uralin 
 (c) Chrome alum  (d) Heptachlor 
 Sol.293.(a)  Bisphenol  A  (BPA).  Other 
 uses  -  Used  in  beverage  containers, 
 compact  disks,  plastic  dinnerware, 
 impact  -resistant  safety  equipment, 
 automobile  parts,  and  toys.  BPA  is  toxic 
 for  humans  and  animals.  Uses  of  some 
 compounds  :  Tri?uralin  -  Used  as 
 herbicide.  Chrome  alum  -  In  the  tanning 
 of  leather.  Heptachlor  -  As  a  soil  and 
 seed treatment and for termite control. 
 Q.294.  Which  of  the  following  is 
 considered a chemical hazard in food? 
 SSC Stenographer 13/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Stones  (b) sand 
 (c) Jewellery  (d) Pesticides residues 
 Sol.294.(d)  Pesticides  residues. 
 Pesticides  are  one  of  the  major  inputs 
 used  for  increasing  agricultural 
 productivity  of  crops.  The  pesticide 
 residues,  left  to  variable  extent  in  the 
 food  materials  after  harvesting,  are 
 beyond  the  control  of  consumers  and 
 have  deleterious  effects  on  human 
 health.  Pesticides  are  chemical 
 compounds  that  are  used  to  kill  pests, 
 including  insects,  rodents,  fungi  and 
 unwanted  plants  (weeds).  Examples  of 
 synthetic  chemical  pesticides  are  DDT, 
 Heptachlor, Chlordane. 
 Q.295.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 food preservative? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Aqua regia  (b) Sodium nitrite 
 (c) Vinegar  (d) Sodium chloride 
 Sol.295.(a)  Aqua  Regia.  It  is  used  for 
 puri?cation  purposes  of  gold  and 
 platinum.  It  is  a  mixture  of  nitric  acid 
 (HNO 
 3 
 )  and  hydrochloric  acid  (HCl)  in  the 
 ratio  of  1:3.  Sodium  Nitrate  (Chile 
 Saltpetre)  -  NaNO 
 3 
 .  Vinegar  (Acetic  acid) 
 -  CH 
 3 
 COOH.  Sodium  Chloride  (Salt)  - 
 NaCl. 
 Q.296.  Which  gas  is  the  major 
 component of biogas? 
 SSC CHSL 02/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) CNG  (b) Methane 
 (c) Hydrogen  (d) LPG 
 Sol.296.(b)  Methane  (CH 
 4 
 ).  It  has  a  high 
 heat  of  combustion  (CH 
 4 
 +  2O 
 2 
 ?  CO 
 2 
 + 
 2H 
 2 
 O  +  heat).  It  is  used  as  fuel.  Biogas  is 
 formed  by  the  decomposition  of  organic 
 matter  with  the  action  of  bacteria  in  the 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 455
 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 absence  of  oxygen.  The  major 
 components  of  biogas  -  Methane 
 (50-75%),  Carbon  dioxide  (25-50%), 
 Nitrogen  (2-8%).  Compressed  Natural 
 Gas  (CNG)  consists  of  about  80-90% 
 methane.  Liqui?ed  Petroleum  Gas  (LPG) 
 consists  of  a  compressed  mixture  of 
 propane  and  butane  in  liquid  form. 
 Hydrogen  is  a  clean  fuel  that,  when 
 consumed  in  a  fuel  cell,  produces  only 
 water. 
 Q.297.  Hardness  of  water  is  expressed  in 
 terms of: 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) mole  (b) molarity 
 (c) ppm  (d) normality 
 Sol.297.(c)  ppm  (parts  per  million)  - 
 Ratio  between  the  number  of  parts  of 
 solids/solute  to  a  million  parts  of  total 
 volume.  Water  hardness  is  the  amount  of 
 dissolved  calcium  and  magnesium  in  the 
 water.  Mole  (SI  unit  of  amount  of 
 substance)  -  Amount  of  a  chemical 
 substance  that  contains  as  many 
 elementary  entities  (atoms,  molecules, 
 ions,  electrons).  Molarity  is  a  unit  of 
 concentration  expressed  as  the  number 
 of  moles  of  dissolved  solute  per  litre  of 
 solution.  Normality  -  The  number  of  gram 
 equivalents  weights  of  a  solute  present 
 in one litre of a solvent. 
 Q.298.  What  kind  of  smell  do  Esters 
 have? 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Sweet smell like fruits 
 (b) Rotten egg smell 
 (c) Floral smell 
 (d) Pungent smell 
 Sol.298.(a)  Sweet  smells  like  fruits.  The 
 group  of  chemical  compounds  which  are 
 formed  by  bonding  an  alcohol  group  with 
 a  group  of  organic  acids  by  losing  water 
 molecules  is  called  Esters  .  Other 
 chemical  compounds  and  its  Smell: 
 Terpenes  -  Floral,  Rose,  Lemon;  Amines  - 
 Fishy,  Rotting  meat;  Aldehydes  -  Grassy, 
 Floral;  Chlorine  gas  -  Pungent,  Irritating 
 odour. 
 Q.299.  When  milk  is  converted  into  curd, 
 which type of change is it? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Reversible change 
 (b) Physical change 
 (c) Isothermal change 
 (d) Chemical change 
 Sol.299.(d)  Chemical  change  -  A  change 
 in  which  one  or  more  new  substances 
 are  formed.  Curd  is  formed  through  the 
 fermentation  of  milk  by  lactic  acid 
 bacteria,  primarily  Lactobacillus,  which 
 convert  lactose  into  lactic  acid,  causing 
 the milk proteins to denature and 
 coagulate. 
 Q.300.  Which of the following is the 
 product  as  a  result  of  the  process  of 
 hydrolysis of orthoclase. 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Limonite  (b) Magnesite 
 (c) Gypsum  (d) Kaolinite 
 Sol.300.(d)  Kaolinite  (Al 
 2 
 Si 
 2 
 O 
 5 
 (OH) 
 4 
 )  :  A 
 clay  mineral  It's  commonly  found  in  soils 
 and  sedimentary  rocks.  Used  in  -  Rubber, 
 paint,  paper  making,  and  as  a  ?ller  in 
 some  products.  Orthoclase  (KAlSi 
 3 
 O 
 8 
 ):  A 
 common  type  of  feldspar  mineral  (a 
 group  of  rock-forming  minerals). 
 Magnesite  (MgCO 
 3 
 ).  Gypsum 
 (CaSO 
 4 
 ·2H 
 2 
 O):  It  is  added  to  cement  to 
 slow down the rate of setting. 
 Q.301.  When  camphor  is  heated,  which 
 of the following changes will take place? 
 SSC CHSL 11/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Solid to gas 
 (b) Solid to liquid to gas 
 (c) Liquid to gas 
 (d) Solid to liquid 
 Sol.301.(a)  Solid  to  gas.  If  camphor 
 vapours  are  cooled,  they  change  back  to 
 the solid crystalline state. 
 Q.302.  Which  of  the  following  metal  salts 
 is  responsible  for  permanent  hardness  in 
 water? 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) KCI (b) NaCl (c) Ca(HCO 
 3 
 ) 
 2 
 (d) CaCl 
 2 
 Sol.302.(d)  CaCl 
 2 
 (Calcium  chloride). 
 Hardness  of  water  is  due  to  the  presence 
 of  soluble  bicarbonates,  chlorides  and 
 sulphates  of  calcium  and  magnesium. 
 Types  of  Hardness:  Temporary  (presence 
 of  magnesium  and  calcium 
 bicarbonates)  and  Permanent  (presence 
 of  soluble  salts  of  magnesium  and 
 calcium).  KCl  -  Potassium  chloride,  NaCl  - 
 Sodium  chloride  (Common  Salt). 
 Ca(HCO 
 3 
 ) 
 2 
 -  Calcium  bicarbonate  or 
 Calcium hydrogencarbonate. 
 Q.303.  What  is  the  product  of  the 
 reaction  when  anhydrite  undergoes 
 hydration? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Limonite  (b) Magnesite 
 (c) Kaolin  (d) Gypsum 
 Sol.303.(d)  Gypsum  (CaSO 
 4 
 .2H 
 2 
 O)  : 
 Calcium  sulphate  (CaSO 
 4 
 )  and  water 
 (H 
 2 
 O)  make  up  gypsum.  Limonite  forms 
 through  the  weathering  of  iron-bearing 
 minerals  such  as  pyrite,  magnetite,  and 
 hematite  under  conditions  of  low 
 temperature  and  low  oxygen.  Uses  - 
 Pigment,  Cement,  Soil  conditioner,  Water 
 treatment,  Scienti?c  research.  Magnesite 
 is  formed  when  magnesium-rich  rocks 
 are  altered  by  metamorphism  or 
 chemical  weathering.  Used  as  a  binding 
 agent  in  ?ooring.  Kaolin  is  a  rock  from 
 which  the  clay  mineral  kaolinite  is 
 derived.  Used  as  the  principal  ingredient 
 in porcelain tableware. 
 Q.304.  Which  mineral  salt  is  dissolved  in 
 major amount in ocean water? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Calcium chloride 
 (b) Calcium carbonate 
 (c) Sodium chloride 
 (d) Calcium sulphate 
 Sol.304.(c)  Sodium  chloride  (NaCl).  It  is 
 also  known  as  table  salt.  Commonly 
 used  as  a  condiment  and  food 
 preservative.  Some  of  the  minerals  that 
 are  found  in  the  ocean  water  -  Chloride, 
 Sodium,  Magnesium,  Sulphur,  Calcium, 
 Bromine,  etc.  About  97%  of  the  Earth’s 
 surface is found in Ocean. 
 Q.305.  Which  of  the  following  chemicals 
 is  used  as  a  preservative  to  slow 
 browning  and  discolouration  in  foods 
 and  beverages  during  preparation, 
 storage and distribution ? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Nitrous oxide  (b) Phosgene 
 (c) Sulphites  (d) Chlorine 
 Sol.305.(c)  Sulphites.  Other  Food 
 preservatives  :  Benzoic  acid,  Sodium 
 benzoate,  nitrites,  sodium  sorbate  and 
 potassium  sorbate.  Nitrous  oxide  (N 
 2 
 O)  - 
 Laughing  gas.  Uses  -  Anaesthetic, 
 Semiconductor  manufacturing  industry, 
 Rocket  motors  as  an  oxidiser.  Phosgene 
 (COCl 
 2 
 )  also  called  Carbonyl  chloride. 
 Uses  -  Dyestuffs,  isocyanates,  pesticides 
 and  pharmaceuticals.  Chlorine  (Cl 
 2 
 )  is 
 used  in  water  treatment,  bleaching  and 
 disinfectants. 
 Q.306.  Which  sodium  compound  is  the 
 most  popular  additive  to  various  items 
 such  as  sauces,  salad  dressings  and 
 beverages for its preservative action? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Sodium bicarbonate 
 (b) Sodium ?uoride 
 (c) Sodium hypochlorite 
 (d) Sodium benzoate 
 Sol.306.(d)  Sodium  benzoate 
 (C 
 6 
 H 
 5 
 COONa).  Also  known  as  benzoate 
 of  soda,  a  white  crystalline  chemical 
 used  in  foods,  such  as  soda,  lemon  juice, 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 456
Page 3


 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 Sol.286.(d)  Steam  distillation  is 
 aseparation  process  that  consists  of 
 distilling  water  together  with  other 
 volatile  and  non-volatile  components. 
 The  coarse  substance  feels  rough  and 
 hard,  used  by  gymnasts  as  it  increases 
 the  friction  between  the  bar  and  the 
 gymnast's hands. 
 Q.287.  Which  of  the  following  techniques 
 can  be  used  for  reducing  the  total 
 dissolved solids (TDS) in water? 
 (1) Ion Exchange 
 (2) Distillation 
 (3) Carding 
 SSC CGL 19/04/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only 1  (b) Only 3 
 (c) Both 1 and 2  (d) Both 2 and 3 
 Sol.287.(c)  Both  1  and  2  .  The  TDS  (Total 
 Dissolved  Solids)  level  between  50-150  is 
 considered  as  the  most  suitable  and 
 acceptable. 
 Q.288.  Which  among  the  following  is 
 NOT  true  about  a  solution  and  the  solute 
 concerned? 
 SSC CPO 24/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) The particles of the solute do not 
 scatter a beam of light 
 (b) The particles of the solute settle 
 down at the bottom when the solution 
 is  kept undisturbed. 
 (c) The particles of the solute cannot be 
 seen with unaided eyes. 
 (d) A solution is a homogeneous mixture 
 Sol.288.(b)  Only  the  particles  of  a  Solute 
 in  a  Heterogeneous  solution  settle  down 
 at  the  bottom  when  the  solution  is  left 
 undisturbed.  In  a  homogenous  solution 
 the  solute  gets  dissolved  completely  in 
 the  solvent.  For  example  salt  or  sugar  in 
 water gets completely dissolved. 
 Q.289.  Solubility  of  gases  in  liquids  _____ 
 with decrease in temperature. 
 SSC CPO 25/11/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Remains constant 
 (b) First decreases and then increases 
 (c) Increases 
 (d) decreases 
 Sol.289.(c)  Increases.  Solubility  of 
 gases  in  liquids  increases  with  decrease 
 in  temperature  and  it  decreases  with  the 
 increase  in  temperature.  Adding  heat  to 
 the  solution  provides  thermal  energy  that 
 overcomes  the  attractive  forces  between 
 the gas and the solvent molecules. 
 Q.290.  ____  Law  of  independent 
 migration  of  ions  states  that  limiting 
 molar  conductivity  of  an  electrolyte  can 
 be  represented  as  the  sum  of  the 
 individual contributions of the anion and 
 cation of the electrolyte. 
 SSC CPO 25/11/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Dirac  (b) Feynman 
 (c) Schrodinger  (d) Kohlrausch 
 Sol.290.(d)  Kohlrausch  Law  is 
 dependent  on  the  nature  of  the  solvent 
 and  on  the  potential  gradient  but  not  on 
 the  other  ions  present.  Kohlrausch  Law 
 helps  in  determination  of  limiting  molar 
 conductivities  for  any  electrolyte.  Weak 
 electrolytes  have  lower  molar 
 conductivities  and  lower  degree  of 
 dissociation at higher concentrations. 
 Chemistry in Everyday life 
 Q.291.  Match List-I with List-II. 
 List-I 
 (Chemical compound) 
 List-II 
 (Spices) 
 A. Curcuminoids  1. Cardamom 
 B. 1, 8-cineole  2. Black pepper 
 C. Eugenol  3. Turmeric 
 D. Piperine  4. Cloves 
 SSC CGL Tier II  26/10/2023 
 (a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1 
 (b) A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2 
 (c) A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 4 
 (d) A - 1, B - 4, C - 3, D - 2 
 Sol.291.(b)  A  -  3,  B  -  1,  C  -  4,  D  -  2. 
 Chemical  Constituents  of  spices  : 
 Coriander  -  Linalool,  borneol,  terpineol, 
 cumene.  Saffron  -  Crocins,  safranal, 
 salicylic,  vanillic  acid.  Mustard  seeds  - 
 Allyl  isothiocyanate.  Garlic  -  Allicin. 
 Ginger  -  Gingerol.  Cumin  -  Cumin 
 aldehyde. 
 Q.292.  Out  of  the  following,  identify  the 
 process  that  does  NOT  involve  a 
 chemical reaction. 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Cloth cleaning using detergent 
 (b) Ripening of mango 
 (c) Change of colour of turmeric due to 
 soap 
 (d) Cooling effect of nail polish remover 
 Sol.292.(d)  Cooling  effect  of  nail  polish 
 remover  .  Chemical  reactions  :  It  is  a 
 reaction  in  which  the  bonds  are  broken 
 within  reactant  molecules,  and  new 
 bonds  are  formed  within  product 
 molecules  in  order  to  form  a  new 
 substance.  Examples  -  Cooking  food, 
 Cleaning  clothes,  Burning  fuel,  Rusting  of 
 iron,  Photosynthesis  in  plants,  Digestion, 
 Combustion,  Boiling  an  egg,  Ripening  of 
 fruits. 
 Q.293.  Which  chemical  compound  is 
 present  in  hard  plastic  such  as  drinking 
 water bottles and many household 
 items? 
 SSC Stenographer 13/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Bisphenol A  (b) Tri?uralin 
 (c) Chrome alum  (d) Heptachlor 
 Sol.293.(a)  Bisphenol  A  (BPA).  Other 
 uses  -  Used  in  beverage  containers, 
 compact  disks,  plastic  dinnerware, 
 impact  -resistant  safety  equipment, 
 automobile  parts,  and  toys.  BPA  is  toxic 
 for  humans  and  animals.  Uses  of  some 
 compounds  :  Tri?uralin  -  Used  as 
 herbicide.  Chrome  alum  -  In  the  tanning 
 of  leather.  Heptachlor  -  As  a  soil  and 
 seed treatment and for termite control. 
 Q.294.  Which  of  the  following  is 
 considered a chemical hazard in food? 
 SSC Stenographer 13/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Stones  (b) sand 
 (c) Jewellery  (d) Pesticides residues 
 Sol.294.(d)  Pesticides  residues. 
 Pesticides  are  one  of  the  major  inputs 
 used  for  increasing  agricultural 
 productivity  of  crops.  The  pesticide 
 residues,  left  to  variable  extent  in  the 
 food  materials  after  harvesting,  are 
 beyond  the  control  of  consumers  and 
 have  deleterious  effects  on  human 
 health.  Pesticides  are  chemical 
 compounds  that  are  used  to  kill  pests, 
 including  insects,  rodents,  fungi  and 
 unwanted  plants  (weeds).  Examples  of 
 synthetic  chemical  pesticides  are  DDT, 
 Heptachlor, Chlordane. 
 Q.295.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 food preservative? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Aqua regia  (b) Sodium nitrite 
 (c) Vinegar  (d) Sodium chloride 
 Sol.295.(a)  Aqua  Regia.  It  is  used  for 
 puri?cation  purposes  of  gold  and 
 platinum.  It  is  a  mixture  of  nitric  acid 
 (HNO 
 3 
 )  and  hydrochloric  acid  (HCl)  in  the 
 ratio  of  1:3.  Sodium  Nitrate  (Chile 
 Saltpetre)  -  NaNO 
 3 
 .  Vinegar  (Acetic  acid) 
 -  CH 
 3 
 COOH.  Sodium  Chloride  (Salt)  - 
 NaCl. 
 Q.296.  Which  gas  is  the  major 
 component of biogas? 
 SSC CHSL 02/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) CNG  (b) Methane 
 (c) Hydrogen  (d) LPG 
 Sol.296.(b)  Methane  (CH 
 4 
 ).  It  has  a  high 
 heat  of  combustion  (CH 
 4 
 +  2O 
 2 
 ?  CO 
 2 
 + 
 2H 
 2 
 O  +  heat).  It  is  used  as  fuel.  Biogas  is 
 formed  by  the  decomposition  of  organic 
 matter  with  the  action  of  bacteria  in  the 
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 absence  of  oxygen.  The  major 
 components  of  biogas  -  Methane 
 (50-75%),  Carbon  dioxide  (25-50%), 
 Nitrogen  (2-8%).  Compressed  Natural 
 Gas  (CNG)  consists  of  about  80-90% 
 methane.  Liqui?ed  Petroleum  Gas  (LPG) 
 consists  of  a  compressed  mixture  of 
 propane  and  butane  in  liquid  form. 
 Hydrogen  is  a  clean  fuel  that,  when 
 consumed  in  a  fuel  cell,  produces  only 
 water. 
 Q.297.  Hardness  of  water  is  expressed  in 
 terms of: 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) mole  (b) molarity 
 (c) ppm  (d) normality 
 Sol.297.(c)  ppm  (parts  per  million)  - 
 Ratio  between  the  number  of  parts  of 
 solids/solute  to  a  million  parts  of  total 
 volume.  Water  hardness  is  the  amount  of 
 dissolved  calcium  and  magnesium  in  the 
 water.  Mole  (SI  unit  of  amount  of 
 substance)  -  Amount  of  a  chemical 
 substance  that  contains  as  many 
 elementary  entities  (atoms,  molecules, 
 ions,  electrons).  Molarity  is  a  unit  of 
 concentration  expressed  as  the  number 
 of  moles  of  dissolved  solute  per  litre  of 
 solution.  Normality  -  The  number  of  gram 
 equivalents  weights  of  a  solute  present 
 in one litre of a solvent. 
 Q.298.  What  kind  of  smell  do  Esters 
 have? 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Sweet smell like fruits 
 (b) Rotten egg smell 
 (c) Floral smell 
 (d) Pungent smell 
 Sol.298.(a)  Sweet  smells  like  fruits.  The 
 group  of  chemical  compounds  which  are 
 formed  by  bonding  an  alcohol  group  with 
 a  group  of  organic  acids  by  losing  water 
 molecules  is  called  Esters  .  Other 
 chemical  compounds  and  its  Smell: 
 Terpenes  -  Floral,  Rose,  Lemon;  Amines  - 
 Fishy,  Rotting  meat;  Aldehydes  -  Grassy, 
 Floral;  Chlorine  gas  -  Pungent,  Irritating 
 odour. 
 Q.299.  When  milk  is  converted  into  curd, 
 which type of change is it? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Reversible change 
 (b) Physical change 
 (c) Isothermal change 
 (d) Chemical change 
 Sol.299.(d)  Chemical  change  -  A  change 
 in  which  one  or  more  new  substances 
 are  formed.  Curd  is  formed  through  the 
 fermentation  of  milk  by  lactic  acid 
 bacteria,  primarily  Lactobacillus,  which 
 convert  lactose  into  lactic  acid,  causing 
 the milk proteins to denature and 
 coagulate. 
 Q.300.  Which of the following is the 
 product  as  a  result  of  the  process  of 
 hydrolysis of orthoclase. 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Limonite  (b) Magnesite 
 (c) Gypsum  (d) Kaolinite 
 Sol.300.(d)  Kaolinite  (Al 
 2 
 Si 
 2 
 O 
 5 
 (OH) 
 4 
 )  :  A 
 clay  mineral  It's  commonly  found  in  soils 
 and  sedimentary  rocks.  Used  in  -  Rubber, 
 paint,  paper  making,  and  as  a  ?ller  in 
 some  products.  Orthoclase  (KAlSi 
 3 
 O 
 8 
 ):  A 
 common  type  of  feldspar  mineral  (a 
 group  of  rock-forming  minerals). 
 Magnesite  (MgCO 
 3 
 ).  Gypsum 
 (CaSO 
 4 
 ·2H 
 2 
 O):  It  is  added  to  cement  to 
 slow down the rate of setting. 
 Q.301.  When  camphor  is  heated,  which 
 of the following changes will take place? 
 SSC CHSL 11/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Solid to gas 
 (b) Solid to liquid to gas 
 (c) Liquid to gas 
 (d) Solid to liquid 
 Sol.301.(a)  Solid  to  gas.  If  camphor 
 vapours  are  cooled,  they  change  back  to 
 the solid crystalline state. 
 Q.302.  Which  of  the  following  metal  salts 
 is  responsible  for  permanent  hardness  in 
 water? 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) KCI (b) NaCl (c) Ca(HCO 
 3 
 ) 
 2 
 (d) CaCl 
 2 
 Sol.302.(d)  CaCl 
 2 
 (Calcium  chloride). 
 Hardness  of  water  is  due  to  the  presence 
 of  soluble  bicarbonates,  chlorides  and 
 sulphates  of  calcium  and  magnesium. 
 Types  of  Hardness:  Temporary  (presence 
 of  magnesium  and  calcium 
 bicarbonates)  and  Permanent  (presence 
 of  soluble  salts  of  magnesium  and 
 calcium).  KCl  -  Potassium  chloride,  NaCl  - 
 Sodium  chloride  (Common  Salt). 
 Ca(HCO 
 3 
 ) 
 2 
 -  Calcium  bicarbonate  or 
 Calcium hydrogencarbonate. 
 Q.303.  What  is  the  product  of  the 
 reaction  when  anhydrite  undergoes 
 hydration? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Limonite  (b) Magnesite 
 (c) Kaolin  (d) Gypsum 
 Sol.303.(d)  Gypsum  (CaSO 
 4 
 .2H 
 2 
 O)  : 
 Calcium  sulphate  (CaSO 
 4 
 )  and  water 
 (H 
 2 
 O)  make  up  gypsum.  Limonite  forms 
 through  the  weathering  of  iron-bearing 
 minerals  such  as  pyrite,  magnetite,  and 
 hematite  under  conditions  of  low 
 temperature  and  low  oxygen.  Uses  - 
 Pigment,  Cement,  Soil  conditioner,  Water 
 treatment,  Scienti?c  research.  Magnesite 
 is  formed  when  magnesium-rich  rocks 
 are  altered  by  metamorphism  or 
 chemical  weathering.  Used  as  a  binding 
 agent  in  ?ooring.  Kaolin  is  a  rock  from 
 which  the  clay  mineral  kaolinite  is 
 derived.  Used  as  the  principal  ingredient 
 in porcelain tableware. 
 Q.304.  Which  mineral  salt  is  dissolved  in 
 major amount in ocean water? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Calcium chloride 
 (b) Calcium carbonate 
 (c) Sodium chloride 
 (d) Calcium sulphate 
 Sol.304.(c)  Sodium  chloride  (NaCl).  It  is 
 also  known  as  table  salt.  Commonly 
 used  as  a  condiment  and  food 
 preservative.  Some  of  the  minerals  that 
 are  found  in  the  ocean  water  -  Chloride, 
 Sodium,  Magnesium,  Sulphur,  Calcium, 
 Bromine,  etc.  About  97%  of  the  Earth’s 
 surface is found in Ocean. 
 Q.305.  Which  of  the  following  chemicals 
 is  used  as  a  preservative  to  slow 
 browning  and  discolouration  in  foods 
 and  beverages  during  preparation, 
 storage and distribution ? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Nitrous oxide  (b) Phosgene 
 (c) Sulphites  (d) Chlorine 
 Sol.305.(c)  Sulphites.  Other  Food 
 preservatives  :  Benzoic  acid,  Sodium 
 benzoate,  nitrites,  sodium  sorbate  and 
 potassium  sorbate.  Nitrous  oxide  (N 
 2 
 O)  - 
 Laughing  gas.  Uses  -  Anaesthetic, 
 Semiconductor  manufacturing  industry, 
 Rocket  motors  as  an  oxidiser.  Phosgene 
 (COCl 
 2 
 )  also  called  Carbonyl  chloride. 
 Uses  -  Dyestuffs,  isocyanates,  pesticides 
 and  pharmaceuticals.  Chlorine  (Cl 
 2 
 )  is 
 used  in  water  treatment,  bleaching  and 
 disinfectants. 
 Q.306.  Which  sodium  compound  is  the 
 most  popular  additive  to  various  items 
 such  as  sauces,  salad  dressings  and 
 beverages for its preservative action? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Sodium bicarbonate 
 (b) Sodium ?uoride 
 (c) Sodium hypochlorite 
 (d) Sodium benzoate 
 Sol.306.(d)  Sodium  benzoate 
 (C 
 6 
 H 
 5 
 COONa).  Also  known  as  benzoate 
 of  soda,  a  white  crystalline  chemical 
 used  in  foods,  such  as  soda,  lemon  juice, 
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 pickles,  jelly,  salad  dressing,  soy  sauce. 
 Sodium  bicarbonate  (NaHCO3),  also 
 known  as  baking  soda  used  in  cooking, 
 disinfectant,  pest  control,  teeth  hygiene, 
 indigestion.  Sodium  ?uoride  (NaF)  a 
 colourless  or  white  solid  that  is  readily 
 soluble  in  water.  It  is  soluble  in  water. 
 Sodium  hypochlorite  (NaClO)  :  An 
 inorganic  chemical  compound  used  as  a 
 disinfecting agent. 
 Q.307.  Pepperonil,  ethyl  acetate, 
 butyraldehyde  and  nitrate  are  some 
 common adulterants used in: 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) honey (b) ice cream (c) oils (d) spices 
 Sol.307.(b)  Ice  cream  .  Adulteration  -  A 
 practice  of  secretly  mixing  a  substance 
 with  another.  Other  Food  Products  and 
 Adulterants:  Honey  -  corn  syrups,  syrups 
 of  natural  origin  such  as  maple,  cane 
 sugar,  beet  sugar,  and  molasses.  Sugar  - 
 Chalk  powder,  washing  soda,  urea.  Edible 
 Oils  - Mineral oil, Karanja oil, castor  oil. 
 Q.308.  Which  organic  compound  has  a 
 pleasant  almond  aroma  that  is 
 commonly  used  to  impart  almond  ?avour 
 to chocolate and baked goods? 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Manzanate  (b) Benzaldehydes 
 (c) Ethyl maltol  (d) Isoamyl acetate 
 Sol.308.(b)  Benzaldehydes  (C 
 7 
 H 
 6 
 O)  .  It  is 
 found  in  several  essential  oils  :  hyacinth, 
 citronella,  orris,  cinnamon,  sassafras, 
 labdanum, and patchouli. 
 Q.309.  Which  of  the  following 
 sedimentary  minerals,  known  to  everyone 
 as  'salt',  usually  forms  in  arid  climates 
 where sea water evaporates? 
 SSC CGL 24/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Zeolite (b) Halite (c) Calcite (d) Pyrite 
 Sol.309.(b)  Halite.  It  is  commonly  known 
 as  rock  salt,  a  type  of  salt,  the  mineral 
 form  of  sodium  chloride.  Halite  forms 
 isometric crystals. 
 Q.310.  The  characteristic  garlicky  odour 
 of garlic is due to __________. 
 SSC CGL 27/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) iodine  (b) copper 
 (c) chlorine  (d) sulphur 
 Sol.310.(d)  Sulphur.  Onions,  leeks  and 
 chives  also  contain  Sulphur.  Seafoods 
 are  rich  in  iodine.  When  garlic  is  crushed, 
 chopped,  or  otherwise  damaged, 
 enzymes  in  the  garlic  cells  react  with 
 sulphur-containing  compounds  called 
 allicin  and  an  enzyme  called  alliinase. 
 Allicin,  in  particular,  is  responsible  for  the 
 pungent smell of garlic. 
 Q.311.  Which of the following food items 
 can be used as natural food 
 preservatives? 
 Higher Secondary 28/06/2023 ( Shift - 2) 
 (a) Vinegar, ginger, apple and banana 
 (b) Garlic, lemon, sugar and vinegar 
 (c) Garlic, apple, salt and tamarind 
 (d) Ginger, garlic, banana and tamarind 
 Sol.311.(b)  Garlic,  lemon,  sugar  and 
 vinegar.  Food  preservatives  -  Prevent 
 food  spoilage  caused  by  microbial 
 growth  and  increase  the  shelf  life  of 
 foods.  Some  other  food  items  that  can 
 be  used  as  natural  food  preservatives:  Oil 
 and  Spices.  Examples  of  food 
 preservatives  -  sodium  benzoate,  sorbic 
 acid  and  propanoic  acid  salts,  sulphur 
 dioxide,  sul?tes,  potassium  nitrate, 
 erythorbic  acid,  calcium  sorbate,  nitrites 
 and nitrates. 
 Q.312.  Which  compound  is  used  to 
 remove  the  skins  from  tomatoes, 
 potatoes  and  other  fruits  and  vegetables 
 for  canning  and  as  an  ingredient  in  food 
 preservatives  that  helps  prevent  mould 
 and bacteria from growing in food? 
 Matric Level 27/06/2023 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Sodium hydroxide 
 (b) Magnesium bisulphite 
 (c) Aluminium phosphide 
 (d) Sodium bicarbonate 
 Sol.312.(a)  Sodium  hydroxide  (NaOH)  -  It 
 is  a  strong  base  and  also  known  as 
 caustic  soda  or  lye.  Magnesium 
 bisulphite  Mg(HSO 
 3 
 ) 
 2 
 is  commonly  used 
 in  the  food  industry  as  a  preservative  and 
 antioxidant  to  prevent  spoilage  and 
 discoloration  in  food  products. 
 Aluminium  phosphide  (AlP)  is  used  as  a 
 fumigant  (It  reacts  with  water  or  acids  to 
 release phosphine gas) to control pests. 
 Q.313.  Which  among  the  following 
 chemicals  is  used  to  purify  water  as  a 
 disinfectant? 
 SSC MTS 04/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Chlorine  (b) Ethanol 
 (c) Phosphorus  (d) Te?on 
 Sol.313.(a)  Chlorine  (Cl 
 2 
 )  :-  It  is  a  yellow 
 -green  gas  at  room  temperature.  Ethanol 
 (C 
 2 
 H 
 6 
 O)  -  It  is  an  organic  compound.  It  is 
 used  as  a  solvent,  in  the  manufacture  of 
 other  organic  compounds,  and  as  an 
 additive  to  automobile  fuel.  Phosphorus 
 -  It  is  used  in  fertilizers  for  agriculture 
 and  farm  production.  Te?on  -  The 
 scienti?c  name  is  polytetra?uoroethylene 
 (PTFE).  It  is  used  in  making  waterproof 
 fabric,  non-stick  cookware,  anti-friction 
 devices, etc. 
 Q.314.  Which among the following gases 
 is used as an anaesthetic in dental 
 surgery. 
 SSC MTS 04/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Nitrous Oxide  (b) Radon 
 (c) Argon  (d) Helium 
 Sol.314.(a) Nitrous Oxide (N 
 2 
 O).  Radon 
 (Rn,  Atomic  Number  -  86)  -  An  odourless, 
 invisible,  radioactive  gas  used  in  Cancer 
 therapy.  Argon  (Ar,  Atomic  Number  -  18)  - 
 Third-most  abundant  gas  in  Earth's 
 atmosphere  used  in  Electrical  Light 
 Bulbs.  Helium  (He,  Atomic  Number  -  2)  - 
 Helium-oxygen  (heliox)  mixtures  are  used 
 as  a  breathing  medium  during  deep 
 dives. 
 Q.315.  What  is  another  name  for  frozen 
 carbon dioxide? 
 SSC MTS 12/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Refrigerant  (b) Coal 
 (c) Dry Ice  (d) Coke 
 Sol.315.(c)  Dry  Ice.  Frozen  Carbon 
 Dioxide  does  not  melt  into  a  liquid,  but 
 instead  changes  directly  into  Gas 
 (Sublimation).  The  temperature  of  dry  ice 
 is  around  -109.3  Degree  Fahrenheit  (-78 
 o 
 Celsius).  It  is  popularly  used  for  shipping 
 certain  foods  and  medicines.  It  is  used 
 as  a  cooling  agent,  fog  machines  at 
 theatres for dramatic effects. 
 Q.316.  Which  among  the  following  gases 
 is used in the arti?cial ripening of fruits? 
 SSC MTS 16/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Argon  (b) Freon 
 (c) Helium  (d) Acetylene 
 Sol.316.(d)  Acetylene  .  Other  use: 
 welding,  cutting  ,  producing  rubber,  ?ame 
 gouging,  creating  polymers  and  resins, 
 production of dyes and pigments. 
 Q.317.  What  is  the  colour  of  the  outer 
 zone  of  complete  combustion  of  a 
 candle ?ame? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Blue  (b) Yellow  (c) Black  (d) Orange 
 Sol.317.(a)  Blue.  It  is  the  outer  zone  or 
 the  non-luminous  zone  in  candle  ?ame, 
 other  zones  are  the  Innermost  zone  or 
 the  luminous  zone  (  Black  colour  ),  Middle 
 zone  (  Yellow  colour  ).  The  burning  of  a 
 candle  is  both  a  physical  and  a  chemical 
 change.  The  burning  of  the  candle  is  an 
 exothermic reaction. 
 Q.318.  Anant's  mother  advised  him  to 
 not  sleep  under  the  trees  at  night  as 
 trees release _______ at night. 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Methane  (b) Carbon Dioxide 
 (c) Nitrogen  (d) Oxygen 
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 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 Sol.286.(d)  Steam  distillation  is 
 aseparation  process  that  consists  of 
 distilling  water  together  with  other 
 volatile  and  non-volatile  components. 
 The  coarse  substance  feels  rough  and 
 hard,  used  by  gymnasts  as  it  increases 
 the  friction  between  the  bar  and  the 
 gymnast's hands. 
 Q.287.  Which  of  the  following  techniques 
 can  be  used  for  reducing  the  total 
 dissolved solids (TDS) in water? 
 (1) Ion Exchange 
 (2) Distillation 
 (3) Carding 
 SSC CGL 19/04/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only 1  (b) Only 3 
 (c) Both 1 and 2  (d) Both 2 and 3 
 Sol.287.(c)  Both  1  and  2  .  The  TDS  (Total 
 Dissolved  Solids)  level  between  50-150  is 
 considered  as  the  most  suitable  and 
 acceptable. 
 Q.288.  Which  among  the  following  is 
 NOT  true  about  a  solution  and  the  solute 
 concerned? 
 SSC CPO 24/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) The particles of the solute do not 
 scatter a beam of light 
 (b) The particles of the solute settle 
 down at the bottom when the solution 
 is  kept undisturbed. 
 (c) The particles of the solute cannot be 
 seen with unaided eyes. 
 (d) A solution is a homogeneous mixture 
 Sol.288.(b)  Only  the  particles  of  a  Solute 
 in  a  Heterogeneous  solution  settle  down 
 at  the  bottom  when  the  solution  is  left 
 undisturbed.  In  a  homogenous  solution 
 the  solute  gets  dissolved  completely  in 
 the  solvent.  For  example  salt  or  sugar  in 
 water gets completely dissolved. 
 Q.289.  Solubility  of  gases  in  liquids  _____ 
 with decrease in temperature. 
 SSC CPO 25/11/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Remains constant 
 (b) First decreases and then increases 
 (c) Increases 
 (d) decreases 
 Sol.289.(c)  Increases.  Solubility  of 
 gases  in  liquids  increases  with  decrease 
 in  temperature  and  it  decreases  with  the 
 increase  in  temperature.  Adding  heat  to 
 the  solution  provides  thermal  energy  that 
 overcomes  the  attractive  forces  between 
 the gas and the solvent molecules. 
 Q.290.  ____  Law  of  independent 
 migration  of  ions  states  that  limiting 
 molar  conductivity  of  an  electrolyte  can 
 be  represented  as  the  sum  of  the 
 individual contributions of the anion and 
 cation of the electrolyte. 
 SSC CPO 25/11/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Dirac  (b) Feynman 
 (c) Schrodinger  (d) Kohlrausch 
 Sol.290.(d)  Kohlrausch  Law  is 
 dependent  on  the  nature  of  the  solvent 
 and  on  the  potential  gradient  but  not  on 
 the  other  ions  present.  Kohlrausch  Law 
 helps  in  determination  of  limiting  molar 
 conductivities  for  any  electrolyte.  Weak 
 electrolytes  have  lower  molar 
 conductivities  and  lower  degree  of 
 dissociation at higher concentrations. 
 Chemistry in Everyday life 
 Q.291.  Match List-I with List-II. 
 List-I 
 (Chemical compound) 
 List-II 
 (Spices) 
 A. Curcuminoids  1. Cardamom 
 B. 1, 8-cineole  2. Black pepper 
 C. Eugenol  3. Turmeric 
 D. Piperine  4. Cloves 
 SSC CGL Tier II  26/10/2023 
 (a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1 
 (b) A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2 
 (c) A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 4 
 (d) A - 1, B - 4, C - 3, D - 2 
 Sol.291.(b)  A  -  3,  B  -  1,  C  -  4,  D  -  2. 
 Chemical  Constituents  of  spices  : 
 Coriander  -  Linalool,  borneol,  terpineol, 
 cumene.  Saffron  -  Crocins,  safranal, 
 salicylic,  vanillic  acid.  Mustard  seeds  - 
 Allyl  isothiocyanate.  Garlic  -  Allicin. 
 Ginger  -  Gingerol.  Cumin  -  Cumin 
 aldehyde. 
 Q.292.  Out  of  the  following,  identify  the 
 process  that  does  NOT  involve  a 
 chemical reaction. 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Cloth cleaning using detergent 
 (b) Ripening of mango 
 (c) Change of colour of turmeric due to 
 soap 
 (d) Cooling effect of nail polish remover 
 Sol.292.(d)  Cooling  effect  of  nail  polish 
 remover  .  Chemical  reactions  :  It  is  a 
 reaction  in  which  the  bonds  are  broken 
 within  reactant  molecules,  and  new 
 bonds  are  formed  within  product 
 molecules  in  order  to  form  a  new 
 substance.  Examples  -  Cooking  food, 
 Cleaning  clothes,  Burning  fuel,  Rusting  of 
 iron,  Photosynthesis  in  plants,  Digestion, 
 Combustion,  Boiling  an  egg,  Ripening  of 
 fruits. 
 Q.293.  Which  chemical  compound  is 
 present  in  hard  plastic  such  as  drinking 
 water bottles and many household 
 items? 
 SSC Stenographer 13/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Bisphenol A  (b) Tri?uralin 
 (c) Chrome alum  (d) Heptachlor 
 Sol.293.(a)  Bisphenol  A  (BPA).  Other 
 uses  -  Used  in  beverage  containers, 
 compact  disks,  plastic  dinnerware, 
 impact  -resistant  safety  equipment, 
 automobile  parts,  and  toys.  BPA  is  toxic 
 for  humans  and  animals.  Uses  of  some 
 compounds  :  Tri?uralin  -  Used  as 
 herbicide.  Chrome  alum  -  In  the  tanning 
 of  leather.  Heptachlor  -  As  a  soil  and 
 seed treatment and for termite control. 
 Q.294.  Which  of  the  following  is 
 considered a chemical hazard in food? 
 SSC Stenographer 13/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Stones  (b) sand 
 (c) Jewellery  (d) Pesticides residues 
 Sol.294.(d)  Pesticides  residues. 
 Pesticides  are  one  of  the  major  inputs 
 used  for  increasing  agricultural 
 productivity  of  crops.  The  pesticide 
 residues,  left  to  variable  extent  in  the 
 food  materials  after  harvesting,  are 
 beyond  the  control  of  consumers  and 
 have  deleterious  effects  on  human 
 health.  Pesticides  are  chemical 
 compounds  that  are  used  to  kill  pests, 
 including  insects,  rodents,  fungi  and 
 unwanted  plants  (weeds).  Examples  of 
 synthetic  chemical  pesticides  are  DDT, 
 Heptachlor, Chlordane. 
 Q.295.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 food preservative? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Aqua regia  (b) Sodium nitrite 
 (c) Vinegar  (d) Sodium chloride 
 Sol.295.(a)  Aqua  Regia.  It  is  used  for 
 puri?cation  purposes  of  gold  and 
 platinum.  It  is  a  mixture  of  nitric  acid 
 (HNO 
 3 
 )  and  hydrochloric  acid  (HCl)  in  the 
 ratio  of  1:3.  Sodium  Nitrate  (Chile 
 Saltpetre)  -  NaNO 
 3 
 .  Vinegar  (Acetic  acid) 
 -  CH 
 3 
 COOH.  Sodium  Chloride  (Salt)  - 
 NaCl. 
 Q.296.  Which  gas  is  the  major 
 component of biogas? 
 SSC CHSL 02/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) CNG  (b) Methane 
 (c) Hydrogen  (d) LPG 
 Sol.296.(b)  Methane  (CH 
 4 
 ).  It  has  a  high 
 heat  of  combustion  (CH 
 4 
 +  2O 
 2 
 ?  CO 
 2 
 + 
 2H 
 2 
 O  +  heat).  It  is  used  as  fuel.  Biogas  is 
 formed  by  the  decomposition  of  organic 
 matter  with  the  action  of  bacteria  in  the 
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 absence  of  oxygen.  The  major 
 components  of  biogas  -  Methane 
 (50-75%),  Carbon  dioxide  (25-50%), 
 Nitrogen  (2-8%).  Compressed  Natural 
 Gas  (CNG)  consists  of  about  80-90% 
 methane.  Liqui?ed  Petroleum  Gas  (LPG) 
 consists  of  a  compressed  mixture  of 
 propane  and  butane  in  liquid  form. 
 Hydrogen  is  a  clean  fuel  that,  when 
 consumed  in  a  fuel  cell,  produces  only 
 water. 
 Q.297.  Hardness  of  water  is  expressed  in 
 terms of: 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) mole  (b) molarity 
 (c) ppm  (d) normality 
 Sol.297.(c)  ppm  (parts  per  million)  - 
 Ratio  between  the  number  of  parts  of 
 solids/solute  to  a  million  parts  of  total 
 volume.  Water  hardness  is  the  amount  of 
 dissolved  calcium  and  magnesium  in  the 
 water.  Mole  (SI  unit  of  amount  of 
 substance)  -  Amount  of  a  chemical 
 substance  that  contains  as  many 
 elementary  entities  (atoms,  molecules, 
 ions,  electrons).  Molarity  is  a  unit  of 
 concentration  expressed  as  the  number 
 of  moles  of  dissolved  solute  per  litre  of 
 solution.  Normality  -  The  number  of  gram 
 equivalents  weights  of  a  solute  present 
 in one litre of a solvent. 
 Q.298.  What  kind  of  smell  do  Esters 
 have? 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Sweet smell like fruits 
 (b) Rotten egg smell 
 (c) Floral smell 
 (d) Pungent smell 
 Sol.298.(a)  Sweet  smells  like  fruits.  The 
 group  of  chemical  compounds  which  are 
 formed  by  bonding  an  alcohol  group  with 
 a  group  of  organic  acids  by  losing  water 
 molecules  is  called  Esters  .  Other 
 chemical  compounds  and  its  Smell: 
 Terpenes  -  Floral,  Rose,  Lemon;  Amines  - 
 Fishy,  Rotting  meat;  Aldehydes  -  Grassy, 
 Floral;  Chlorine  gas  -  Pungent,  Irritating 
 odour. 
 Q.299.  When  milk  is  converted  into  curd, 
 which type of change is it? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Reversible change 
 (b) Physical change 
 (c) Isothermal change 
 (d) Chemical change 
 Sol.299.(d)  Chemical  change  -  A  change 
 in  which  one  or  more  new  substances 
 are  formed.  Curd  is  formed  through  the 
 fermentation  of  milk  by  lactic  acid 
 bacteria,  primarily  Lactobacillus,  which 
 convert  lactose  into  lactic  acid,  causing 
 the milk proteins to denature and 
 coagulate. 
 Q.300.  Which of the following is the 
 product  as  a  result  of  the  process  of 
 hydrolysis of orthoclase. 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Limonite  (b) Magnesite 
 (c) Gypsum  (d) Kaolinite 
 Sol.300.(d)  Kaolinite  (Al 
 2 
 Si 
 2 
 O 
 5 
 (OH) 
 4 
 )  :  A 
 clay  mineral  It's  commonly  found  in  soils 
 and  sedimentary  rocks.  Used  in  -  Rubber, 
 paint,  paper  making,  and  as  a  ?ller  in 
 some  products.  Orthoclase  (KAlSi 
 3 
 O 
 8 
 ):  A 
 common  type  of  feldspar  mineral  (a 
 group  of  rock-forming  minerals). 
 Magnesite  (MgCO 
 3 
 ).  Gypsum 
 (CaSO 
 4 
 ·2H 
 2 
 O):  It  is  added  to  cement  to 
 slow down the rate of setting. 
 Q.301.  When  camphor  is  heated,  which 
 of the following changes will take place? 
 SSC CHSL 11/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Solid to gas 
 (b) Solid to liquid to gas 
 (c) Liquid to gas 
 (d) Solid to liquid 
 Sol.301.(a)  Solid  to  gas.  If  camphor 
 vapours  are  cooled,  they  change  back  to 
 the solid crystalline state. 
 Q.302.  Which  of  the  following  metal  salts 
 is  responsible  for  permanent  hardness  in 
 water? 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) KCI (b) NaCl (c) Ca(HCO 
 3 
 ) 
 2 
 (d) CaCl 
 2 
 Sol.302.(d)  CaCl 
 2 
 (Calcium  chloride). 
 Hardness  of  water  is  due  to  the  presence 
 of  soluble  bicarbonates,  chlorides  and 
 sulphates  of  calcium  and  magnesium. 
 Types  of  Hardness:  Temporary  (presence 
 of  magnesium  and  calcium 
 bicarbonates)  and  Permanent  (presence 
 of  soluble  salts  of  magnesium  and 
 calcium).  KCl  -  Potassium  chloride,  NaCl  - 
 Sodium  chloride  (Common  Salt). 
 Ca(HCO 
 3 
 ) 
 2 
 -  Calcium  bicarbonate  or 
 Calcium hydrogencarbonate. 
 Q.303.  What  is  the  product  of  the 
 reaction  when  anhydrite  undergoes 
 hydration? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Limonite  (b) Magnesite 
 (c) Kaolin  (d) Gypsum 
 Sol.303.(d)  Gypsum  (CaSO 
 4 
 .2H 
 2 
 O)  : 
 Calcium  sulphate  (CaSO 
 4 
 )  and  water 
 (H 
 2 
 O)  make  up  gypsum.  Limonite  forms 
 through  the  weathering  of  iron-bearing 
 minerals  such  as  pyrite,  magnetite,  and 
 hematite  under  conditions  of  low 
 temperature  and  low  oxygen.  Uses  - 
 Pigment,  Cement,  Soil  conditioner,  Water 
 treatment,  Scienti?c  research.  Magnesite 
 is  formed  when  magnesium-rich  rocks 
 are  altered  by  metamorphism  or 
 chemical  weathering.  Used  as  a  binding 
 agent  in  ?ooring.  Kaolin  is  a  rock  from 
 which  the  clay  mineral  kaolinite  is 
 derived.  Used  as  the  principal  ingredient 
 in porcelain tableware. 
 Q.304.  Which  mineral  salt  is  dissolved  in 
 major amount in ocean water? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Calcium chloride 
 (b) Calcium carbonate 
 (c) Sodium chloride 
 (d) Calcium sulphate 
 Sol.304.(c)  Sodium  chloride  (NaCl).  It  is 
 also  known  as  table  salt.  Commonly 
 used  as  a  condiment  and  food 
 preservative.  Some  of  the  minerals  that 
 are  found  in  the  ocean  water  -  Chloride, 
 Sodium,  Magnesium,  Sulphur,  Calcium, 
 Bromine,  etc.  About  97%  of  the  Earth’s 
 surface is found in Ocean. 
 Q.305.  Which  of  the  following  chemicals 
 is  used  as  a  preservative  to  slow 
 browning  and  discolouration  in  foods 
 and  beverages  during  preparation, 
 storage and distribution ? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Nitrous oxide  (b) Phosgene 
 (c) Sulphites  (d) Chlorine 
 Sol.305.(c)  Sulphites.  Other  Food 
 preservatives  :  Benzoic  acid,  Sodium 
 benzoate,  nitrites,  sodium  sorbate  and 
 potassium  sorbate.  Nitrous  oxide  (N 
 2 
 O)  - 
 Laughing  gas.  Uses  -  Anaesthetic, 
 Semiconductor  manufacturing  industry, 
 Rocket  motors  as  an  oxidiser.  Phosgene 
 (COCl 
 2 
 )  also  called  Carbonyl  chloride. 
 Uses  -  Dyestuffs,  isocyanates,  pesticides 
 and  pharmaceuticals.  Chlorine  (Cl 
 2 
 )  is 
 used  in  water  treatment,  bleaching  and 
 disinfectants. 
 Q.306.  Which  sodium  compound  is  the 
 most  popular  additive  to  various  items 
 such  as  sauces,  salad  dressings  and 
 beverages for its preservative action? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Sodium bicarbonate 
 (b) Sodium ?uoride 
 (c) Sodium hypochlorite 
 (d) Sodium benzoate 
 Sol.306.(d)  Sodium  benzoate 
 (C 
 6 
 H 
 5 
 COONa).  Also  known  as  benzoate 
 of  soda,  a  white  crystalline  chemical 
 used  in  foods,  such  as  soda,  lemon  juice, 
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 pickles,  jelly,  salad  dressing,  soy  sauce. 
 Sodium  bicarbonate  (NaHCO3),  also 
 known  as  baking  soda  used  in  cooking, 
 disinfectant,  pest  control,  teeth  hygiene, 
 indigestion.  Sodium  ?uoride  (NaF)  a 
 colourless  or  white  solid  that  is  readily 
 soluble  in  water.  It  is  soluble  in  water. 
 Sodium  hypochlorite  (NaClO)  :  An 
 inorganic  chemical  compound  used  as  a 
 disinfecting agent. 
 Q.307.  Pepperonil,  ethyl  acetate, 
 butyraldehyde  and  nitrate  are  some 
 common adulterants used in: 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) honey (b) ice cream (c) oils (d) spices 
 Sol.307.(b)  Ice  cream  .  Adulteration  -  A 
 practice  of  secretly  mixing  a  substance 
 with  another.  Other  Food  Products  and 
 Adulterants:  Honey  -  corn  syrups,  syrups 
 of  natural  origin  such  as  maple,  cane 
 sugar,  beet  sugar,  and  molasses.  Sugar  - 
 Chalk  powder,  washing  soda,  urea.  Edible 
 Oils  - Mineral oil, Karanja oil, castor  oil. 
 Q.308.  Which  organic  compound  has  a 
 pleasant  almond  aroma  that  is 
 commonly  used  to  impart  almond  ?avour 
 to chocolate and baked goods? 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Manzanate  (b) Benzaldehydes 
 (c) Ethyl maltol  (d) Isoamyl acetate 
 Sol.308.(b)  Benzaldehydes  (C 
 7 
 H 
 6 
 O)  .  It  is 
 found  in  several  essential  oils  :  hyacinth, 
 citronella,  orris,  cinnamon,  sassafras, 
 labdanum, and patchouli. 
 Q.309.  Which  of  the  following 
 sedimentary  minerals,  known  to  everyone 
 as  'salt',  usually  forms  in  arid  climates 
 where sea water evaporates? 
 SSC CGL 24/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Zeolite (b) Halite (c) Calcite (d) Pyrite 
 Sol.309.(b)  Halite.  It  is  commonly  known 
 as  rock  salt,  a  type  of  salt,  the  mineral 
 form  of  sodium  chloride.  Halite  forms 
 isometric crystals. 
 Q.310.  The  characteristic  garlicky  odour 
 of garlic is due to __________. 
 SSC CGL 27/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) iodine  (b) copper 
 (c) chlorine  (d) sulphur 
 Sol.310.(d)  Sulphur.  Onions,  leeks  and 
 chives  also  contain  Sulphur.  Seafoods 
 are  rich  in  iodine.  When  garlic  is  crushed, 
 chopped,  or  otherwise  damaged, 
 enzymes  in  the  garlic  cells  react  with 
 sulphur-containing  compounds  called 
 allicin  and  an  enzyme  called  alliinase. 
 Allicin,  in  particular,  is  responsible  for  the 
 pungent smell of garlic. 
 Q.311.  Which of the following food items 
 can be used as natural food 
 preservatives? 
 Higher Secondary 28/06/2023 ( Shift - 2) 
 (a) Vinegar, ginger, apple and banana 
 (b) Garlic, lemon, sugar and vinegar 
 (c) Garlic, apple, salt and tamarind 
 (d) Ginger, garlic, banana and tamarind 
 Sol.311.(b)  Garlic,  lemon,  sugar  and 
 vinegar.  Food  preservatives  -  Prevent 
 food  spoilage  caused  by  microbial 
 growth  and  increase  the  shelf  life  of 
 foods.  Some  other  food  items  that  can 
 be  used  as  natural  food  preservatives:  Oil 
 and  Spices.  Examples  of  food 
 preservatives  -  sodium  benzoate,  sorbic 
 acid  and  propanoic  acid  salts,  sulphur 
 dioxide,  sul?tes,  potassium  nitrate, 
 erythorbic  acid,  calcium  sorbate,  nitrites 
 and nitrates. 
 Q.312.  Which  compound  is  used  to 
 remove  the  skins  from  tomatoes, 
 potatoes  and  other  fruits  and  vegetables 
 for  canning  and  as  an  ingredient  in  food 
 preservatives  that  helps  prevent  mould 
 and bacteria from growing in food? 
 Matric Level 27/06/2023 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Sodium hydroxide 
 (b) Magnesium bisulphite 
 (c) Aluminium phosphide 
 (d) Sodium bicarbonate 
 Sol.312.(a)  Sodium  hydroxide  (NaOH)  -  It 
 is  a  strong  base  and  also  known  as 
 caustic  soda  or  lye.  Magnesium 
 bisulphite  Mg(HSO 
 3 
 ) 
 2 
 is  commonly  used 
 in  the  food  industry  as  a  preservative  and 
 antioxidant  to  prevent  spoilage  and 
 discoloration  in  food  products. 
 Aluminium  phosphide  (AlP)  is  used  as  a 
 fumigant  (It  reacts  with  water  or  acids  to 
 release phosphine gas) to control pests. 
 Q.313.  Which  among  the  following 
 chemicals  is  used  to  purify  water  as  a 
 disinfectant? 
 SSC MTS 04/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Chlorine  (b) Ethanol 
 (c) Phosphorus  (d) Te?on 
 Sol.313.(a)  Chlorine  (Cl 
 2 
 )  :-  It  is  a  yellow 
 -green  gas  at  room  temperature.  Ethanol 
 (C 
 2 
 H 
 6 
 O)  -  It  is  an  organic  compound.  It  is 
 used  as  a  solvent,  in  the  manufacture  of 
 other  organic  compounds,  and  as  an 
 additive  to  automobile  fuel.  Phosphorus 
 -  It  is  used  in  fertilizers  for  agriculture 
 and  farm  production.  Te?on  -  The 
 scienti?c  name  is  polytetra?uoroethylene 
 (PTFE).  It  is  used  in  making  waterproof 
 fabric,  non-stick  cookware,  anti-friction 
 devices, etc. 
 Q.314.  Which among the following gases 
 is used as an anaesthetic in dental 
 surgery. 
 SSC MTS 04/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Nitrous Oxide  (b) Radon 
 (c) Argon  (d) Helium 
 Sol.314.(a) Nitrous Oxide (N 
 2 
 O).  Radon 
 (Rn,  Atomic  Number  -  86)  -  An  odourless, 
 invisible,  radioactive  gas  used  in  Cancer 
 therapy.  Argon  (Ar,  Atomic  Number  -  18)  - 
 Third-most  abundant  gas  in  Earth's 
 atmosphere  used  in  Electrical  Light 
 Bulbs.  Helium  (He,  Atomic  Number  -  2)  - 
 Helium-oxygen  (heliox)  mixtures  are  used 
 as  a  breathing  medium  during  deep 
 dives. 
 Q.315.  What  is  another  name  for  frozen 
 carbon dioxide? 
 SSC MTS 12/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Refrigerant  (b) Coal 
 (c) Dry Ice  (d) Coke 
 Sol.315.(c)  Dry  Ice.  Frozen  Carbon 
 Dioxide  does  not  melt  into  a  liquid,  but 
 instead  changes  directly  into  Gas 
 (Sublimation).  The  temperature  of  dry  ice 
 is  around  -109.3  Degree  Fahrenheit  (-78 
 o 
 Celsius).  It  is  popularly  used  for  shipping 
 certain  foods  and  medicines.  It  is  used 
 as  a  cooling  agent,  fog  machines  at 
 theatres for dramatic effects. 
 Q.316.  Which  among  the  following  gases 
 is used in the arti?cial ripening of fruits? 
 SSC MTS 16/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Argon  (b) Freon 
 (c) Helium  (d) Acetylene 
 Sol.316.(d)  Acetylene  .  Other  use: 
 welding,  cutting  ,  producing  rubber,  ?ame 
 gouging,  creating  polymers  and  resins, 
 production of dyes and pigments. 
 Q.317.  What  is  the  colour  of  the  outer 
 zone  of  complete  combustion  of  a 
 candle ?ame? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Blue  (b) Yellow  (c) Black  (d) Orange 
 Sol.317.(a)  Blue.  It  is  the  outer  zone  or 
 the  non-luminous  zone  in  candle  ?ame, 
 other  zones  are  the  Innermost  zone  or 
 the  luminous  zone  (  Black  colour  ),  Middle 
 zone  (  Yellow  colour  ).  The  burning  of  a 
 candle  is  both  a  physical  and  a  chemical 
 change.  The  burning  of  the  candle  is  an 
 exothermic reaction. 
 Q.318.  Anant's  mother  advised  him  to 
 not  sleep  under  the  trees  at  night  as 
 trees release _______ at night. 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Methane  (b) Carbon Dioxide 
 (c) Nitrogen  (d) Oxygen 
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 Sol.318.(b)  Carbon Dioxide (CO 
 2 
 )  . During 
 the  day  plants  take  in  carbon  dioxide 
 (CO 
 2 
 )  and  release  oxygen  through 
 photosynthesis  and  at  night  carbon 
 dioxide  (CO 
 2 
 )  is  released  through 
 respiration.  Exception  :  Snake  plant, 
 Areca  palm  plant,  Aloe  Vera  plant,  Tulsi, 
 Neem plant, Peepal Tree, etc. 
 Q.319.  What is the pH of normal milk? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 9.1 - 9.3  (b) 8.1 - 8.3 
 (c) 5.4 - 5.6  (d) 6.7 - 6.9 
 Sol.319.(d)  6.7  -  6.9,  pH  -  potential  of 
 hydrogen.  pH  value  of  Gastric  juice  (1.0), 
 Soft  Drink  (2.0  -  4.0),  Lemon  Juice  (2.2  - 
 2.4),  Vinegar  (2.4),  Wine  (2.8),  Lime  (2.8), 
 Apple  juice  (2.9  -  3.3),  Soda  water  (3  -  4), 
 Orange  juice  (3.7),  Butter  (5),  Curd  (4.5  - 
 5.5),  Beer  (4.5),  Urine  (4.5  -  8),  coffee 
 (5.0),  Cheese  (5.1  -  5.9),  Tea  (5.5),  Saliva 
 (6.2  -  7.6),  Blood  plasma  (7.35  -  7.45), 
 Alcohol  (7.33),  Oxygen  (7.4),  Baking  Soda 
 (9), Bleaching powder (11) etc. 
 Q.320.  Silicon  dioxide  is  found  mostly  in 
 which of the following? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Sand (b) Sugar (c) Salt (d) Slaked lime 
 Sol.320.(a)  Sand.  Slaked  lime  or  calcium 
 hydroxide,  Ca(OH) 
 2 
 :  Soluble  in  glycerol, 
 high  melting  point  (580°  C),  used  in  the 
 paper  industry,  Pesticides.  Silicon 
 Dioxide  or  Silica,  (SiO 
 2 
 )  :  Major 
 constituent  of  Sand,  used  in  food 
 additives. 
 Q.321.  Malic  Acid  is  found  in  which  of 
 the following substances? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Apple  (b) Vinegar 
 (c) Ant's sting  (d) Tamarind 
 Sol.321.(a)  Apple.  Other  sources  of 
 malic  acid  -  Bananas,  pomegranates, 
 grapes,  berries,  tomatoes,  and  broccoli. 
 Tartaric  Acid  -  Grapes,  tamarind,  apples, 
 apricots,  and  bananas.  Acid  :  A 
 hydrogen-containing  substance  that  is 
 capable  of  donating  a  proton  (hydrogen 
 ion) to another substance. 
 Q.322.  An  isotope  of  which  of  the 
 following  is  used  in  the  treatment  of 
 cancer? 
 SSC CHSL 17/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Cobalt  (b) Aluminium 
 (c) Nickel  (d) Iron 
 Sol.322.(a)  Cobalt  (Atomic  number  -  27). 
 Isotopes  -  Same  atomic  number  but 
 different  mass  numbers.  Example  - 
 Isotopes  of  hydrogen  -  protium 
 1 
 H 
 1 
 , 
 deuterium 
 1 
 H 
 2 
 or  and  tritium 
 1 
 H 
 3 
 . 
 Isobars  are  atoms  of  different  elements 
 with  different  atomic  numbers  but  have 
 the same mass number. Example  of a 
 pair of isobar i.e., 
 40 
 Ca 
 20 
 and 
 40 
 Ar 
 18. 
 Q.323.  In  what  form  is  the  energy  derived 
 from  the  food  that  we  eat  is  stored  in  our 
 body? 
 SSC CGL 01/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Maltose  (b) Glucose 
 (c) Glycogen  (d) Starch 
 Sol.323.(c)  Glycogen  (polysaccharide  of 
 glucose  ;  C 
 24 
 H 
 42 
 O 
 21 
 ).  Maltose  (C 
 12 
 H 
 22 
 O 
 11 
 ) 
 is  a  disaccharide  consisting  of  two  units 
 of  glucose.  Glucose  (C 
 6 
 H 
 12 
 O 
 6 
 )  is  a  simple 
 sugar  monosaccharide  having  two 
 isoforms,  alpha  and  beta.  Starch 
 {(C 
 6 
 H 
 10 
 O 
 5 
 )n}  is  a  polysaccharide 
 produced  by  most  green  plants  for 
 energy storage. 
 Q.324.  Which  of  the  following  are  food 
 preservatives? 
 SSC CGL 07/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Salt, sodium nitrite, spices and 
 vinegar 
 (b) Gypsum, soda and methyl alcohol 
 (c) Gypsum, salt and formic acid 
 (d) Formic acid, vinegar and methyl 
 alcohol 
 Sol.324.(a)  Sugar,  salt  (NaCl),  sodium 
 nitrite  (NaNO 
 2 
 ),  butylated  hydroxy  anisole 
 (C 
 11 
 H 
 16 
 O 
 2 
 ),  butylated  hydroxytoluene 
 (C 
 15 
 H 
 24 
 O),  tert-butylhydroquinone 
 (C 
 10 
 H 
 14 
 O 
 2 
 ),  vinegar  (CH3COOH),  citric  acid 
 (C6H8O7),  spices,  and  calcium  propionate 
 (C 
 6 
 H 
 10 
 CaO 
 4 
 )  are  all  chemicals  that 
 preserve foods. 
 Q.325.  Which  is  the  most  popular  coal  in 
 commercial use? 
 SSC CGL  07/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Bituminous  (b) Anthracite 
 (c) Peat  (d) Lignite 
 Sol.325.(a)  Bituminous  coal  (Dark 
 brown,  45–86%).  This  coal  is  reviewed 
 based  on  versatility,  dampness 
 substance,  instability  and  cinder  content. 
 Other  types  of  coal:  Peat  (  precursor  of 
 coal,  40%  carbon),  Lignite  (25–35%, 
 brown  coal),  Anthracite  (86–97% 
 carbon). 
 Q.326.  Identify  a  dark-coloured 
 amorphous  substance  that  is  highly 
 resistant  to  microbial  action  and 
 undergoes  decomposition  at  an 
 extremely slow rate. 
 SSC CGL 06/12/2022 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Chitin  (b) Humus 
 (c) Carotenoids  (d) Colloids 
 Sol.326.(b) Humus. Chitin  is the most 
 abundant amino polysaccharide polymer 
 occurring  in  nature.  Chitin  exists  in  the 
 shells  of  arthropods  such  as  crabs, 
 shrimps,  and  insects.  Carotenoids  are 
 pigments  that  give  yellow,  orange,  and 
 red  fruits  and  vegetables  their  color.  Our 
 body  is  able  to  convert  some  carotenoids 
 into vitamin A. 
 Q.327.  Which  of  the  following 
 greenhouse  gases  is  most  abundant  in 
 the atmosphere? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Nitrous Oxide  (b) Water Vapour 
 (c) Methane  (d) Carbon Oxide 
 Sol.327.(b)  Water  vapour.  Greenhouse 
 gases:  carbon  dioxide  (CO 
 2 
 )  65%  , 
 methane  (CH 
 4 
 )16%,  nitrous  oxide  (N 
 2 
 O), 
 6%  ?uorinated  gases 
 {(hydrochloro?uorocarbons  (HCFCs), 
 per?uorocarbons  (PFCs)  and  Sulphur 
 Hexa?uoride (SF 
 6 
 )} 2% and ozone (O 
 3 
 ). 
 Q.328.  Which  of  the  following  is  used  in 
 photography? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Sodium bicarbonate 
 (b) Sodium thiosulphate 
 (c) Sodium hydroxide 
 (d) Sodium sulphate 
 Sol.328.(b)  Sodium  thiosulphate 
 (Na2S2O3)  is  used  in  photography  to 
 remove  undecomposed  AgBr  as  soluble 
 silver  thiosulphate  complex.  Antidote 
 agent  against  cyanide  poisoning. 
 Dechlorination  of  small  water  bodies  like 
 ponds,  aquariums,  etc.  It  is  on  the  World 
 Health  Organization's  List  of  Essential 
 Medicines.  Sodium  sulphate  (Na 
 2 
 SO 
 4 
 )  - 
 detergents, paper pulping, cattle feed. 
 Q.329.  ______ is found in association 
 with rocks composed of calcium 
 carbonates? 
 SSC CGL 03/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Limestone  (b) Gold 
 (c) Iron  (d) Diamond 
 Sol.329.(a)  Limestone  is  a  sedimentary 
 rock  made  of  calcium  carbonate 
 (CaCO 
 3 
 ),  usually  in  the  form  of  calcite  or 
 aragonite.  Some  other  examples  of 
 sedimentary  include  Breccia, 
 Conglomerate,  Sandstone,  Siltstone,  and 
 Shale.  These  rocks  are  formed  by  the 
 deposition  and  subsequent  cementation 
 of  the  material  at  the  Earth’s  surface 
 within the bodies of water. 
 Q.330.  Carbon dating means: 
 SSC CPO 09/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) a method to determine the density of 
 ?ssile material. 
 (b) a method of calculating the remains 
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 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 Sol.286.(d)  Steam  distillation  is 
 aseparation  process  that  consists  of 
 distilling  water  together  with  other 
 volatile  and  non-volatile  components. 
 The  coarse  substance  feels  rough  and 
 hard,  used  by  gymnasts  as  it  increases 
 the  friction  between  the  bar  and  the 
 gymnast's hands. 
 Q.287.  Which  of  the  following  techniques 
 can  be  used  for  reducing  the  total 
 dissolved solids (TDS) in water? 
 (1) Ion Exchange 
 (2) Distillation 
 (3) Carding 
 SSC CGL 19/04/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only 1  (b) Only 3 
 (c) Both 1 and 2  (d) Both 2 and 3 
 Sol.287.(c)  Both  1  and  2  .  The  TDS  (Total 
 Dissolved  Solids)  level  between  50-150  is 
 considered  as  the  most  suitable  and 
 acceptable. 
 Q.288.  Which  among  the  following  is 
 NOT  true  about  a  solution  and  the  solute 
 concerned? 
 SSC CPO 24/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) The particles of the solute do not 
 scatter a beam of light 
 (b) The particles of the solute settle 
 down at the bottom when the solution 
 is  kept undisturbed. 
 (c) The particles of the solute cannot be 
 seen with unaided eyes. 
 (d) A solution is a homogeneous mixture 
 Sol.288.(b)  Only  the  particles  of  a  Solute 
 in  a  Heterogeneous  solution  settle  down 
 at  the  bottom  when  the  solution  is  left 
 undisturbed.  In  a  homogenous  solution 
 the  solute  gets  dissolved  completely  in 
 the  solvent.  For  example  salt  or  sugar  in 
 water gets completely dissolved. 
 Q.289.  Solubility  of  gases  in  liquids  _____ 
 with decrease in temperature. 
 SSC CPO 25/11/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Remains constant 
 (b) First decreases and then increases 
 (c) Increases 
 (d) decreases 
 Sol.289.(c)  Increases.  Solubility  of 
 gases  in  liquids  increases  with  decrease 
 in  temperature  and  it  decreases  with  the 
 increase  in  temperature.  Adding  heat  to 
 the  solution  provides  thermal  energy  that 
 overcomes  the  attractive  forces  between 
 the gas and the solvent molecules. 
 Q.290.  ____  Law  of  independent 
 migration  of  ions  states  that  limiting 
 molar  conductivity  of  an  electrolyte  can 
 be  represented  as  the  sum  of  the 
 individual contributions of the anion and 
 cation of the electrolyte. 
 SSC CPO 25/11/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Dirac  (b) Feynman 
 (c) Schrodinger  (d) Kohlrausch 
 Sol.290.(d)  Kohlrausch  Law  is 
 dependent  on  the  nature  of  the  solvent 
 and  on  the  potential  gradient  but  not  on 
 the  other  ions  present.  Kohlrausch  Law 
 helps  in  determination  of  limiting  molar 
 conductivities  for  any  electrolyte.  Weak 
 electrolytes  have  lower  molar 
 conductivities  and  lower  degree  of 
 dissociation at higher concentrations. 
 Chemistry in Everyday life 
 Q.291.  Match List-I with List-II. 
 List-I 
 (Chemical compound) 
 List-II 
 (Spices) 
 A. Curcuminoids  1. Cardamom 
 B. 1, 8-cineole  2. Black pepper 
 C. Eugenol  3. Turmeric 
 D. Piperine  4. Cloves 
 SSC CGL Tier II  26/10/2023 
 (a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1 
 (b) A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2 
 (c) A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 4 
 (d) A - 1, B - 4, C - 3, D - 2 
 Sol.291.(b)  A  -  3,  B  -  1,  C  -  4,  D  -  2. 
 Chemical  Constituents  of  spices  : 
 Coriander  -  Linalool,  borneol,  terpineol, 
 cumene.  Saffron  -  Crocins,  safranal, 
 salicylic,  vanillic  acid.  Mustard  seeds  - 
 Allyl  isothiocyanate.  Garlic  -  Allicin. 
 Ginger  -  Gingerol.  Cumin  -  Cumin 
 aldehyde. 
 Q.292.  Out  of  the  following,  identify  the 
 process  that  does  NOT  involve  a 
 chemical reaction. 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Cloth cleaning using detergent 
 (b) Ripening of mango 
 (c) Change of colour of turmeric due to 
 soap 
 (d) Cooling effect of nail polish remover 
 Sol.292.(d)  Cooling  effect  of  nail  polish 
 remover  .  Chemical  reactions  :  It  is  a 
 reaction  in  which  the  bonds  are  broken 
 within  reactant  molecules,  and  new 
 bonds  are  formed  within  product 
 molecules  in  order  to  form  a  new 
 substance.  Examples  -  Cooking  food, 
 Cleaning  clothes,  Burning  fuel,  Rusting  of 
 iron,  Photosynthesis  in  plants,  Digestion, 
 Combustion,  Boiling  an  egg,  Ripening  of 
 fruits. 
 Q.293.  Which  chemical  compound  is 
 present  in  hard  plastic  such  as  drinking 
 water bottles and many household 
 items? 
 SSC Stenographer 13/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Bisphenol A  (b) Tri?uralin 
 (c) Chrome alum  (d) Heptachlor 
 Sol.293.(a)  Bisphenol  A  (BPA).  Other 
 uses  -  Used  in  beverage  containers, 
 compact  disks,  plastic  dinnerware, 
 impact  -resistant  safety  equipment, 
 automobile  parts,  and  toys.  BPA  is  toxic 
 for  humans  and  animals.  Uses  of  some 
 compounds  :  Tri?uralin  -  Used  as 
 herbicide.  Chrome  alum  -  In  the  tanning 
 of  leather.  Heptachlor  -  As  a  soil  and 
 seed treatment and for termite control. 
 Q.294.  Which  of  the  following  is 
 considered a chemical hazard in food? 
 SSC Stenographer 13/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Stones  (b) sand 
 (c) Jewellery  (d) Pesticides residues 
 Sol.294.(d)  Pesticides  residues. 
 Pesticides  are  one  of  the  major  inputs 
 used  for  increasing  agricultural 
 productivity  of  crops.  The  pesticide 
 residues,  left  to  variable  extent  in  the 
 food  materials  after  harvesting,  are 
 beyond  the  control  of  consumers  and 
 have  deleterious  effects  on  human 
 health.  Pesticides  are  chemical 
 compounds  that  are  used  to  kill  pests, 
 including  insects,  rodents,  fungi  and 
 unwanted  plants  (weeds).  Examples  of 
 synthetic  chemical  pesticides  are  DDT, 
 Heptachlor, Chlordane. 
 Q.295.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 food preservative? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Aqua regia  (b) Sodium nitrite 
 (c) Vinegar  (d) Sodium chloride 
 Sol.295.(a)  Aqua  Regia.  It  is  used  for 
 puri?cation  purposes  of  gold  and 
 platinum.  It  is  a  mixture  of  nitric  acid 
 (HNO 
 3 
 )  and  hydrochloric  acid  (HCl)  in  the 
 ratio  of  1:3.  Sodium  Nitrate  (Chile 
 Saltpetre)  -  NaNO 
 3 
 .  Vinegar  (Acetic  acid) 
 -  CH 
 3 
 COOH.  Sodium  Chloride  (Salt)  - 
 NaCl. 
 Q.296.  Which  gas  is  the  major 
 component of biogas? 
 SSC CHSL 02/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) CNG  (b) Methane 
 (c) Hydrogen  (d) LPG 
 Sol.296.(b)  Methane  (CH 
 4 
 ).  It  has  a  high 
 heat  of  combustion  (CH 
 4 
 +  2O 
 2 
 ?  CO 
 2 
 + 
 2H 
 2 
 O  +  heat).  It  is  used  as  fuel.  Biogas  is 
 formed  by  the  decomposition  of  organic 
 matter  with  the  action  of  bacteria  in  the 
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 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 absence  of  oxygen.  The  major 
 components  of  biogas  -  Methane 
 (50-75%),  Carbon  dioxide  (25-50%), 
 Nitrogen  (2-8%).  Compressed  Natural 
 Gas  (CNG)  consists  of  about  80-90% 
 methane.  Liqui?ed  Petroleum  Gas  (LPG) 
 consists  of  a  compressed  mixture  of 
 propane  and  butane  in  liquid  form. 
 Hydrogen  is  a  clean  fuel  that,  when 
 consumed  in  a  fuel  cell,  produces  only 
 water. 
 Q.297.  Hardness  of  water  is  expressed  in 
 terms of: 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) mole  (b) molarity 
 (c) ppm  (d) normality 
 Sol.297.(c)  ppm  (parts  per  million)  - 
 Ratio  between  the  number  of  parts  of 
 solids/solute  to  a  million  parts  of  total 
 volume.  Water  hardness  is  the  amount  of 
 dissolved  calcium  and  magnesium  in  the 
 water.  Mole  (SI  unit  of  amount  of 
 substance)  -  Amount  of  a  chemical 
 substance  that  contains  as  many 
 elementary  entities  (atoms,  molecules, 
 ions,  electrons).  Molarity  is  a  unit  of 
 concentration  expressed  as  the  number 
 of  moles  of  dissolved  solute  per  litre  of 
 solution.  Normality  -  The  number  of  gram 
 equivalents  weights  of  a  solute  present 
 in one litre of a solvent. 
 Q.298.  What  kind  of  smell  do  Esters 
 have? 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Sweet smell like fruits 
 (b) Rotten egg smell 
 (c) Floral smell 
 (d) Pungent smell 
 Sol.298.(a)  Sweet  smells  like  fruits.  The 
 group  of  chemical  compounds  which  are 
 formed  by  bonding  an  alcohol  group  with 
 a  group  of  organic  acids  by  losing  water 
 molecules  is  called  Esters  .  Other 
 chemical  compounds  and  its  Smell: 
 Terpenes  -  Floral,  Rose,  Lemon;  Amines  - 
 Fishy,  Rotting  meat;  Aldehydes  -  Grassy, 
 Floral;  Chlorine  gas  -  Pungent,  Irritating 
 odour. 
 Q.299.  When  milk  is  converted  into  curd, 
 which type of change is it? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Reversible change 
 (b) Physical change 
 (c) Isothermal change 
 (d) Chemical change 
 Sol.299.(d)  Chemical  change  -  A  change 
 in  which  one  or  more  new  substances 
 are  formed.  Curd  is  formed  through  the 
 fermentation  of  milk  by  lactic  acid 
 bacteria,  primarily  Lactobacillus,  which 
 convert  lactose  into  lactic  acid,  causing 
 the milk proteins to denature and 
 coagulate. 
 Q.300.  Which of the following is the 
 product  as  a  result  of  the  process  of 
 hydrolysis of orthoclase. 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Limonite  (b) Magnesite 
 (c) Gypsum  (d) Kaolinite 
 Sol.300.(d)  Kaolinite  (Al 
 2 
 Si 
 2 
 O 
 5 
 (OH) 
 4 
 )  :  A 
 clay  mineral  It's  commonly  found  in  soils 
 and  sedimentary  rocks.  Used  in  -  Rubber, 
 paint,  paper  making,  and  as  a  ?ller  in 
 some  products.  Orthoclase  (KAlSi 
 3 
 O 
 8 
 ):  A 
 common  type  of  feldspar  mineral  (a 
 group  of  rock-forming  minerals). 
 Magnesite  (MgCO 
 3 
 ).  Gypsum 
 (CaSO 
 4 
 ·2H 
 2 
 O):  It  is  added  to  cement  to 
 slow down the rate of setting. 
 Q.301.  When  camphor  is  heated,  which 
 of the following changes will take place? 
 SSC CHSL 11/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Solid to gas 
 (b) Solid to liquid to gas 
 (c) Liquid to gas 
 (d) Solid to liquid 
 Sol.301.(a)  Solid  to  gas.  If  camphor 
 vapours  are  cooled,  they  change  back  to 
 the solid crystalline state. 
 Q.302.  Which  of  the  following  metal  salts 
 is  responsible  for  permanent  hardness  in 
 water? 
 SSC CHSL 14/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) KCI (b) NaCl (c) Ca(HCO 
 3 
 ) 
 2 
 (d) CaCl 
 2 
 Sol.302.(d)  CaCl 
 2 
 (Calcium  chloride). 
 Hardness  of  water  is  due  to  the  presence 
 of  soluble  bicarbonates,  chlorides  and 
 sulphates  of  calcium  and  magnesium. 
 Types  of  Hardness:  Temporary  (presence 
 of  magnesium  and  calcium 
 bicarbonates)  and  Permanent  (presence 
 of  soluble  salts  of  magnesium  and 
 calcium).  KCl  -  Potassium  chloride,  NaCl  - 
 Sodium  chloride  (Common  Salt). 
 Ca(HCO 
 3 
 ) 
 2 
 -  Calcium  bicarbonate  or 
 Calcium hydrogencarbonate. 
 Q.303.  What  is  the  product  of  the 
 reaction  when  anhydrite  undergoes 
 hydration? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Limonite  (b) Magnesite 
 (c) Kaolin  (d) Gypsum 
 Sol.303.(d)  Gypsum  (CaSO 
 4 
 .2H 
 2 
 O)  : 
 Calcium  sulphate  (CaSO 
 4 
 )  and  water 
 (H 
 2 
 O)  make  up  gypsum.  Limonite  forms 
 through  the  weathering  of  iron-bearing 
 minerals  such  as  pyrite,  magnetite,  and 
 hematite  under  conditions  of  low 
 temperature  and  low  oxygen.  Uses  - 
 Pigment,  Cement,  Soil  conditioner,  Water 
 treatment,  Scienti?c  research.  Magnesite 
 is  formed  when  magnesium-rich  rocks 
 are  altered  by  metamorphism  or 
 chemical  weathering.  Used  as  a  binding 
 agent  in  ?ooring.  Kaolin  is  a  rock  from 
 which  the  clay  mineral  kaolinite  is 
 derived.  Used  as  the  principal  ingredient 
 in porcelain tableware. 
 Q.304.  Which  mineral  salt  is  dissolved  in 
 major amount in ocean water? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Calcium chloride 
 (b) Calcium carbonate 
 (c) Sodium chloride 
 (d) Calcium sulphate 
 Sol.304.(c)  Sodium  chloride  (NaCl).  It  is 
 also  known  as  table  salt.  Commonly 
 used  as  a  condiment  and  food 
 preservative.  Some  of  the  minerals  that 
 are  found  in  the  ocean  water  -  Chloride, 
 Sodium,  Magnesium,  Sulphur,  Calcium, 
 Bromine,  etc.  About  97%  of  the  Earth’s 
 surface is found in Ocean. 
 Q.305.  Which  of  the  following  chemicals 
 is  used  as  a  preservative  to  slow 
 browning  and  discolouration  in  foods 
 and  beverages  during  preparation, 
 storage and distribution ? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Nitrous oxide  (b) Phosgene 
 (c) Sulphites  (d) Chlorine 
 Sol.305.(c)  Sulphites.  Other  Food 
 preservatives  :  Benzoic  acid,  Sodium 
 benzoate,  nitrites,  sodium  sorbate  and 
 potassium  sorbate.  Nitrous  oxide  (N 
 2 
 O)  - 
 Laughing  gas.  Uses  -  Anaesthetic, 
 Semiconductor  manufacturing  industry, 
 Rocket  motors  as  an  oxidiser.  Phosgene 
 (COCl 
 2 
 )  also  called  Carbonyl  chloride. 
 Uses  -  Dyestuffs,  isocyanates,  pesticides 
 and  pharmaceuticals.  Chlorine  (Cl 
 2 
 )  is 
 used  in  water  treatment,  bleaching  and 
 disinfectants. 
 Q.306.  Which  sodium  compound  is  the 
 most  popular  additive  to  various  items 
 such  as  sauces,  salad  dressings  and 
 beverages for its preservative action? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Sodium bicarbonate 
 (b) Sodium ?uoride 
 (c) Sodium hypochlorite 
 (d) Sodium benzoate 
 Sol.306.(d)  Sodium  benzoate 
 (C 
 6 
 H 
 5 
 COONa).  Also  known  as  benzoate 
 of  soda,  a  white  crystalline  chemical 
 used  in  foods,  such  as  soda,  lemon  juice, 
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 pickles,  jelly,  salad  dressing,  soy  sauce. 
 Sodium  bicarbonate  (NaHCO3),  also 
 known  as  baking  soda  used  in  cooking, 
 disinfectant,  pest  control,  teeth  hygiene, 
 indigestion.  Sodium  ?uoride  (NaF)  a 
 colourless  or  white  solid  that  is  readily 
 soluble  in  water.  It  is  soluble  in  water. 
 Sodium  hypochlorite  (NaClO)  :  An 
 inorganic  chemical  compound  used  as  a 
 disinfecting agent. 
 Q.307.  Pepperonil,  ethyl  acetate, 
 butyraldehyde  and  nitrate  are  some 
 common adulterants used in: 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) honey (b) ice cream (c) oils (d) spices 
 Sol.307.(b)  Ice  cream  .  Adulteration  -  A 
 practice  of  secretly  mixing  a  substance 
 with  another.  Other  Food  Products  and 
 Adulterants:  Honey  -  corn  syrups,  syrups 
 of  natural  origin  such  as  maple,  cane 
 sugar,  beet  sugar,  and  molasses.  Sugar  - 
 Chalk  powder,  washing  soda,  urea.  Edible 
 Oils  - Mineral oil, Karanja oil, castor  oil. 
 Q.308.  Which  organic  compound  has  a 
 pleasant  almond  aroma  that  is 
 commonly  used  to  impart  almond  ?avour 
 to chocolate and baked goods? 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Manzanate  (b) Benzaldehydes 
 (c) Ethyl maltol  (d) Isoamyl acetate 
 Sol.308.(b)  Benzaldehydes  (C 
 7 
 H 
 6 
 O)  .  It  is 
 found  in  several  essential  oils  :  hyacinth, 
 citronella,  orris,  cinnamon,  sassafras, 
 labdanum, and patchouli. 
 Q.309.  Which  of  the  following 
 sedimentary  minerals,  known  to  everyone 
 as  'salt',  usually  forms  in  arid  climates 
 where sea water evaporates? 
 SSC CGL 24/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Zeolite (b) Halite (c) Calcite (d) Pyrite 
 Sol.309.(b)  Halite.  It  is  commonly  known 
 as  rock  salt,  a  type  of  salt,  the  mineral 
 form  of  sodium  chloride.  Halite  forms 
 isometric crystals. 
 Q.310.  The  characteristic  garlicky  odour 
 of garlic is due to __________. 
 SSC CGL 27/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) iodine  (b) copper 
 (c) chlorine  (d) sulphur 
 Sol.310.(d)  Sulphur.  Onions,  leeks  and 
 chives  also  contain  Sulphur.  Seafoods 
 are  rich  in  iodine.  When  garlic  is  crushed, 
 chopped,  or  otherwise  damaged, 
 enzymes  in  the  garlic  cells  react  with 
 sulphur-containing  compounds  called 
 allicin  and  an  enzyme  called  alliinase. 
 Allicin,  in  particular,  is  responsible  for  the 
 pungent smell of garlic. 
 Q.311.  Which of the following food items 
 can be used as natural food 
 preservatives? 
 Higher Secondary 28/06/2023 ( Shift - 2) 
 (a) Vinegar, ginger, apple and banana 
 (b) Garlic, lemon, sugar and vinegar 
 (c) Garlic, apple, salt and tamarind 
 (d) Ginger, garlic, banana and tamarind 
 Sol.311.(b)  Garlic,  lemon,  sugar  and 
 vinegar.  Food  preservatives  -  Prevent 
 food  spoilage  caused  by  microbial 
 growth  and  increase  the  shelf  life  of 
 foods.  Some  other  food  items  that  can 
 be  used  as  natural  food  preservatives:  Oil 
 and  Spices.  Examples  of  food 
 preservatives  -  sodium  benzoate,  sorbic 
 acid  and  propanoic  acid  salts,  sulphur 
 dioxide,  sul?tes,  potassium  nitrate, 
 erythorbic  acid,  calcium  sorbate,  nitrites 
 and nitrates. 
 Q.312.  Which  compound  is  used  to 
 remove  the  skins  from  tomatoes, 
 potatoes  and  other  fruits  and  vegetables 
 for  canning  and  as  an  ingredient  in  food 
 preservatives  that  helps  prevent  mould 
 and bacteria from growing in food? 
 Matric Level 27/06/2023 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Sodium hydroxide 
 (b) Magnesium bisulphite 
 (c) Aluminium phosphide 
 (d) Sodium bicarbonate 
 Sol.312.(a)  Sodium  hydroxide  (NaOH)  -  It 
 is  a  strong  base  and  also  known  as 
 caustic  soda  or  lye.  Magnesium 
 bisulphite  Mg(HSO 
 3 
 ) 
 2 
 is  commonly  used 
 in  the  food  industry  as  a  preservative  and 
 antioxidant  to  prevent  spoilage  and 
 discoloration  in  food  products. 
 Aluminium  phosphide  (AlP)  is  used  as  a 
 fumigant  (It  reacts  with  water  or  acids  to 
 release phosphine gas) to control pests. 
 Q.313.  Which  among  the  following 
 chemicals  is  used  to  purify  water  as  a 
 disinfectant? 
 SSC MTS 04/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Chlorine  (b) Ethanol 
 (c) Phosphorus  (d) Te?on 
 Sol.313.(a)  Chlorine  (Cl 
 2 
 )  :-  It  is  a  yellow 
 -green  gas  at  room  temperature.  Ethanol 
 (C 
 2 
 H 
 6 
 O)  -  It  is  an  organic  compound.  It  is 
 used  as  a  solvent,  in  the  manufacture  of 
 other  organic  compounds,  and  as  an 
 additive  to  automobile  fuel.  Phosphorus 
 -  It  is  used  in  fertilizers  for  agriculture 
 and  farm  production.  Te?on  -  The 
 scienti?c  name  is  polytetra?uoroethylene 
 (PTFE).  It  is  used  in  making  waterproof 
 fabric,  non-stick  cookware,  anti-friction 
 devices, etc. 
 Q.314.  Which among the following gases 
 is used as an anaesthetic in dental 
 surgery. 
 SSC MTS 04/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Nitrous Oxide  (b) Radon 
 (c) Argon  (d) Helium 
 Sol.314.(a) Nitrous Oxide (N 
 2 
 O).  Radon 
 (Rn,  Atomic  Number  -  86)  -  An  odourless, 
 invisible,  radioactive  gas  used  in  Cancer 
 therapy.  Argon  (Ar,  Atomic  Number  -  18)  - 
 Third-most  abundant  gas  in  Earth's 
 atmosphere  used  in  Electrical  Light 
 Bulbs.  Helium  (He,  Atomic  Number  -  2)  - 
 Helium-oxygen  (heliox)  mixtures  are  used 
 as  a  breathing  medium  during  deep 
 dives. 
 Q.315.  What  is  another  name  for  frozen 
 carbon dioxide? 
 SSC MTS 12/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Refrigerant  (b) Coal 
 (c) Dry Ice  (d) Coke 
 Sol.315.(c)  Dry  Ice.  Frozen  Carbon 
 Dioxide  does  not  melt  into  a  liquid,  but 
 instead  changes  directly  into  Gas 
 (Sublimation).  The  temperature  of  dry  ice 
 is  around  -109.3  Degree  Fahrenheit  (-78 
 o 
 Celsius).  It  is  popularly  used  for  shipping 
 certain  foods  and  medicines.  It  is  used 
 as  a  cooling  agent,  fog  machines  at 
 theatres for dramatic effects. 
 Q.316.  Which  among  the  following  gases 
 is used in the arti?cial ripening of fruits? 
 SSC MTS 16/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Argon  (b) Freon 
 (c) Helium  (d) Acetylene 
 Sol.316.(d)  Acetylene  .  Other  use: 
 welding,  cutting  ,  producing  rubber,  ?ame 
 gouging,  creating  polymers  and  resins, 
 production of dyes and pigments. 
 Q.317.  What  is  the  colour  of  the  outer 
 zone  of  complete  combustion  of  a 
 candle ?ame? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Blue  (b) Yellow  (c) Black  (d) Orange 
 Sol.317.(a)  Blue.  It  is  the  outer  zone  or 
 the  non-luminous  zone  in  candle  ?ame, 
 other  zones  are  the  Innermost  zone  or 
 the  luminous  zone  (  Black  colour  ),  Middle 
 zone  (  Yellow  colour  ).  The  burning  of  a 
 candle  is  both  a  physical  and  a  chemical 
 change.  The  burning  of  the  candle  is  an 
 exothermic reaction. 
 Q.318.  Anant's  mother  advised  him  to 
 not  sleep  under  the  trees  at  night  as 
 trees release _______ at night. 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Methane  (b) Carbon Dioxide 
 (c) Nitrogen  (d) Oxygen 
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 Sol.318.(b)  Carbon Dioxide (CO 
 2 
 )  . During 
 the  day  plants  take  in  carbon  dioxide 
 (CO 
 2 
 )  and  release  oxygen  through 
 photosynthesis  and  at  night  carbon 
 dioxide  (CO 
 2 
 )  is  released  through 
 respiration.  Exception  :  Snake  plant, 
 Areca  palm  plant,  Aloe  Vera  plant,  Tulsi, 
 Neem plant, Peepal Tree, etc. 
 Q.319.  What is the pH of normal milk? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 9.1 - 9.3  (b) 8.1 - 8.3 
 (c) 5.4 - 5.6  (d) 6.7 - 6.9 
 Sol.319.(d)  6.7  -  6.9,  pH  -  potential  of 
 hydrogen.  pH  value  of  Gastric  juice  (1.0), 
 Soft  Drink  (2.0  -  4.0),  Lemon  Juice  (2.2  - 
 2.4),  Vinegar  (2.4),  Wine  (2.8),  Lime  (2.8), 
 Apple  juice  (2.9  -  3.3),  Soda  water  (3  -  4), 
 Orange  juice  (3.7),  Butter  (5),  Curd  (4.5  - 
 5.5),  Beer  (4.5),  Urine  (4.5  -  8),  coffee 
 (5.0),  Cheese  (5.1  -  5.9),  Tea  (5.5),  Saliva 
 (6.2  -  7.6),  Blood  plasma  (7.35  -  7.45), 
 Alcohol  (7.33),  Oxygen  (7.4),  Baking  Soda 
 (9), Bleaching powder (11) etc. 
 Q.320.  Silicon  dioxide  is  found  mostly  in 
 which of the following? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Sand (b) Sugar (c) Salt (d) Slaked lime 
 Sol.320.(a)  Sand.  Slaked  lime  or  calcium 
 hydroxide,  Ca(OH) 
 2 
 :  Soluble  in  glycerol, 
 high  melting  point  (580°  C),  used  in  the 
 paper  industry,  Pesticides.  Silicon 
 Dioxide  or  Silica,  (SiO 
 2 
 )  :  Major 
 constituent  of  Sand,  used  in  food 
 additives. 
 Q.321.  Malic  Acid  is  found  in  which  of 
 the following substances? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Apple  (b) Vinegar 
 (c) Ant's sting  (d) Tamarind 
 Sol.321.(a)  Apple.  Other  sources  of 
 malic  acid  -  Bananas,  pomegranates, 
 grapes,  berries,  tomatoes,  and  broccoli. 
 Tartaric  Acid  -  Grapes,  tamarind,  apples, 
 apricots,  and  bananas.  Acid  :  A 
 hydrogen-containing  substance  that  is 
 capable  of  donating  a  proton  (hydrogen 
 ion) to another substance. 
 Q.322.  An  isotope  of  which  of  the 
 following  is  used  in  the  treatment  of 
 cancer? 
 SSC CHSL 17/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Cobalt  (b) Aluminium 
 (c) Nickel  (d) Iron 
 Sol.322.(a)  Cobalt  (Atomic  number  -  27). 
 Isotopes  -  Same  atomic  number  but 
 different  mass  numbers.  Example  - 
 Isotopes  of  hydrogen  -  protium 
 1 
 H 
 1 
 , 
 deuterium 
 1 
 H 
 2 
 or  and  tritium 
 1 
 H 
 3 
 . 
 Isobars  are  atoms  of  different  elements 
 with  different  atomic  numbers  but  have 
 the same mass number. Example  of a 
 pair of isobar i.e., 
 40 
 Ca 
 20 
 and 
 40 
 Ar 
 18. 
 Q.323.  In  what  form  is  the  energy  derived 
 from  the  food  that  we  eat  is  stored  in  our 
 body? 
 SSC CGL 01/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Maltose  (b) Glucose 
 (c) Glycogen  (d) Starch 
 Sol.323.(c)  Glycogen  (polysaccharide  of 
 glucose  ;  C 
 24 
 H 
 42 
 O 
 21 
 ).  Maltose  (C 
 12 
 H 
 22 
 O 
 11 
 ) 
 is  a  disaccharide  consisting  of  two  units 
 of  glucose.  Glucose  (C 
 6 
 H 
 12 
 O 
 6 
 )  is  a  simple 
 sugar  monosaccharide  having  two 
 isoforms,  alpha  and  beta.  Starch 
 {(C 
 6 
 H 
 10 
 O 
 5 
 )n}  is  a  polysaccharide 
 produced  by  most  green  plants  for 
 energy storage. 
 Q.324.  Which  of  the  following  are  food 
 preservatives? 
 SSC CGL 07/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Salt, sodium nitrite, spices and 
 vinegar 
 (b) Gypsum, soda and methyl alcohol 
 (c) Gypsum, salt and formic acid 
 (d) Formic acid, vinegar and methyl 
 alcohol 
 Sol.324.(a)  Sugar,  salt  (NaCl),  sodium 
 nitrite  (NaNO 
 2 
 ),  butylated  hydroxy  anisole 
 (C 
 11 
 H 
 16 
 O 
 2 
 ),  butylated  hydroxytoluene 
 (C 
 15 
 H 
 24 
 O),  tert-butylhydroquinone 
 (C 
 10 
 H 
 14 
 O 
 2 
 ),  vinegar  (CH3COOH),  citric  acid 
 (C6H8O7),  spices,  and  calcium  propionate 
 (C 
 6 
 H 
 10 
 CaO 
 4 
 )  are  all  chemicals  that 
 preserve foods. 
 Q.325.  Which  is  the  most  popular  coal  in 
 commercial use? 
 SSC CGL  07/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Bituminous  (b) Anthracite 
 (c) Peat  (d) Lignite 
 Sol.325.(a)  Bituminous  coal  (Dark 
 brown,  45–86%).  This  coal  is  reviewed 
 based  on  versatility,  dampness 
 substance,  instability  and  cinder  content. 
 Other  types  of  coal:  Peat  (  precursor  of 
 coal,  40%  carbon),  Lignite  (25–35%, 
 brown  coal),  Anthracite  (86–97% 
 carbon). 
 Q.326.  Identify  a  dark-coloured 
 amorphous  substance  that  is  highly 
 resistant  to  microbial  action  and 
 undergoes  decomposition  at  an 
 extremely slow rate. 
 SSC CGL 06/12/2022 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Chitin  (b) Humus 
 (c) Carotenoids  (d) Colloids 
 Sol.326.(b) Humus. Chitin  is the most 
 abundant amino polysaccharide polymer 
 occurring  in  nature.  Chitin  exists  in  the 
 shells  of  arthropods  such  as  crabs, 
 shrimps,  and  insects.  Carotenoids  are 
 pigments  that  give  yellow,  orange,  and 
 red  fruits  and  vegetables  their  color.  Our 
 body  is  able  to  convert  some  carotenoids 
 into vitamin A. 
 Q.327.  Which  of  the  following 
 greenhouse  gases  is  most  abundant  in 
 the atmosphere? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Nitrous Oxide  (b) Water Vapour 
 (c) Methane  (d) Carbon Oxide 
 Sol.327.(b)  Water  vapour.  Greenhouse 
 gases:  carbon  dioxide  (CO 
 2 
 )  65%  , 
 methane  (CH 
 4 
 )16%,  nitrous  oxide  (N 
 2 
 O), 
 6%  ?uorinated  gases 
 {(hydrochloro?uorocarbons  (HCFCs), 
 per?uorocarbons  (PFCs)  and  Sulphur 
 Hexa?uoride (SF 
 6 
 )} 2% and ozone (O 
 3 
 ). 
 Q.328.  Which  of  the  following  is  used  in 
 photography? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Sodium bicarbonate 
 (b) Sodium thiosulphate 
 (c) Sodium hydroxide 
 (d) Sodium sulphate 
 Sol.328.(b)  Sodium  thiosulphate 
 (Na2S2O3)  is  used  in  photography  to 
 remove  undecomposed  AgBr  as  soluble 
 silver  thiosulphate  complex.  Antidote 
 agent  against  cyanide  poisoning. 
 Dechlorination  of  small  water  bodies  like 
 ponds,  aquariums,  etc.  It  is  on  the  World 
 Health  Organization's  List  of  Essential 
 Medicines.  Sodium  sulphate  (Na 
 2 
 SO 
 4 
 )  - 
 detergents, paper pulping, cattle feed. 
 Q.329.  ______ is found in association 
 with rocks composed of calcium 
 carbonates? 
 SSC CGL 03/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Limestone  (b) Gold 
 (c) Iron  (d) Diamond 
 Sol.329.(a)  Limestone  is  a  sedimentary 
 rock  made  of  calcium  carbonate 
 (CaCO 
 3 
 ),  usually  in  the  form  of  calcite  or 
 aragonite.  Some  other  examples  of 
 sedimentary  include  Breccia, 
 Conglomerate,  Sandstone,  Siltstone,  and 
 Shale.  These  rocks  are  formed  by  the 
 deposition  and  subsequent  cementation 
 of  the  material  at  the  Earth’s  surface 
 within the bodies of water. 
 Q.330.  Carbon dating means: 
 SSC CPO 09/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) a method to determine the density of 
 ?ssile material. 
 (b) a method of calculating the remains 
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 of sulphur and nitrogen in hard rock. 
 (c) a method of calculating the age of 
 very old objects by measuring the 
 amounts of different forms of carbon 
 in them. 
 (d) a method of determination of weight 
 of a very old rock. 
 Sol.330.(c)  Carbon-14  dating 
 (radiocarbon  dating),  method  of  age 
 determination  that  depends  upon  the 
 decay  to  nitrogen  of  radiocarbon 
 (carbon-14).The  method  was  developed 
 in 1946  by Willard Libby. 
 Q.331.  Which  of  the  following  chemicals 
 are  vastly  used  in  gunpowder  of 
 ?reworks? 
 SSC CPO 09/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Silver nitrate and charcoal 
 (b) Silver nitrate and sulphur 
 (c) Potassium sulphate and Phosphorous 
 (d) Potassium nitrate, sulphur and 
 charcoal 
 Sol.331.(d)  Potassium  nitrate,  Sulfur 
 and  Charcoal  .  The  most  important 
 component  of  a  ?rework  is  gunpowder 
 ('black  powder').  Aluminium  is  used  to 
 produce  silver  and  white  ?ames  and 
 sparks.  Antimony  (glitter  effects),  Barium 
 (green  color),  Calcium  salts  (orange 
 color),  Barium  (bright  greens),  strontium 
 (red),  copper  (blue),  and  sodium 
 (yellow).  Carbon  is  used  as  a  propellant 
 in ?reworks. It provides the fuel for 
 ?reworks. 
 Q.332.  The  lead  chromate  which  is  toxic 
 and  carcinogenic,  is  used  for  the 
 adulteration of __________ powder. 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) chili (b) garlic (c) turmeric (d) ginger 
 Sol.332.(c)  Turmeric  .  Lead(II)  chromate 
 (PbCrO 
 4 
 )  is  carcinogenic  (causes 
 cancer).  Food  adulteration  can  be 
 de?ned  as  the  contamination  or 
 adulteration  of  food  or  food  materials  by 
 adding  harmful  substances  to  it.  Allicin 
 compound  (garlic's  aroma).  Phenolic 
 compounds  in  ginger  are  gingerols, 
 shogaols,  and  paradols.  Capsaicin  is  a 
 component  of  chili  peppers.  Turmeric 
 bright  yellow  colour  is  due  to  the 
 presence of  curcumin  . 
 Q.333.  Mozzarella,  cheddar  and 
 camembert are varieties of: 
 Higher Secondary 03/08/2022 (Shift - 4  ) 
 (a) yogurt (b) vinegar (c) bread (d) cheese 
 Sol.333.(d)  Cheese.  Types  of  Bread  :- 
 Sourdough,  Baguette,  Brioche,  Focaccia, 
 Pita,  Whole-Grain,  Challah,  Naan  etc. 
 Types  of  Yogurt  :-  Skyr/Icelandic, 
 Lactose-free,  Australian  etc.  Types  of 
 vinegar  :-  Apple  Cider,  Red  and  White 
 Vinegar, Balsamic, Malt etc. 
 Q.334.  Which of the following chemical 
 compounds  is  a  naturally  occurring 
 orange/yellow  pigment  extracted  from 
 turmeric,  which  is  used  as  a  spice,  in 
 food  colouring  and  as  a  traditional  herbal 
 medicine? 
 Graduate Level 02/08/2022 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) Carmoisine  (b) Tartrazine 
 (c) Curcumin  (d) Cochineal 
 Sol.334.(c)  Curcumin  {(C 
 21 
 H 
 20 
 O 
 6 
 ), 
 polyphenol  with  anti-in?ammatory 
 properties  and  the  ability  to  increase  the 
 amount  of  antioxidants  that  the  body 
 produces}. 
 Q.335.  Which  sodium  salt  of  glutamic 
 acid  is  commonly  added  to  Chinese  food, 
 canned  vegetables,  soups  and  processed 
 meats to enhance the ?avour? 
 Graduate Level 04/08/2022 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Sodium carbonate 
 (b) Monosodium glutamate 
 (c) Gloxazone 
 (d) Metasodium glutamate 
 Sol.335.(b)  Monosodium  glutamate 
 (  C5H8NO4Na  ).  Sodium  carbonate 
 (Na 
 2 
 CO 
 3 
 ),  Uses  –  in  the  manufacture  of 
 detergents,  soaps,  paper,  water  glass 
 (sodium  silicate),  borax,  sodium 
 phosphate,  and  many  other  sodium 
 compounds. Gloxazone (  C 
 8 
 H 
 16 
 N 
 6 
 OS 
 2 
 ). 
 Q.336.  Which  of  the  following  chemical 
 compounds  is  used  as  a  yeast  de-foaming 
 agent,  commonly  found  in  butter,  meat, 
 cereals,  chewing  gum,  baked  goods, 
 snack  foods,  dehydrated  potatoes  and 
 beer? 
 Graduate Level 04/08/2022 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Butylated hydroxyanisole 
 (b) Chlorobenzoate 
 (c) Potassium Nitrate (PN) 
 (d) Benzene hexachloride 
 Sol.336.(a)  Butylated  hydroxyanisole 
 (  C 
 11 
 H 
 16 
 O 
 2 
 ).  Chlorobenzoate  (C 
 7 
 H 
 4 
 ClO 
 2 
 ). 
 Potassium  Nitrate  (KNO 
 3 
 ),  Uses  -  food 
 preservatives,  fertilizers,  tree  stump 
 removal,  rocket  propellants,  and 
 ?reworks.  Potassium  nitrate  is  a 
 common  active  ingredient  in  toothpaste, 
 exerting  an  anti-sensitivity  action. 
 Benzene  hexachloride  (C 
 6 
 H 
 6 
 Cl 
 6 
 )  is 
 commonly  used  as  an  insecticide  and 
 also as a fungicide. 
 Q.337.  At what temperature is milk 
 boiled for 15 to 30 seconds in the 
 pasteurisation process? 
 Higher Secondary 01/08/2022 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) 80° C  (b) 72° C   (c) 45° C  (d) 60° C 
 Sol.337.(b) 72°C. Pasteurization  is a 
 heat-treatment process that destroys 
 pathogenic  microorganisms  in  certain 
 foods  and  beverages.  Haelen  processing 
 technique  uses  pressure  treatment 
 instead  of  heat  to  kill  harmful  pathogens 
 and  prolong  shelf  life  of  milk. 
 Pascalization  or  high  pressure 
 processing  (HPP)  and  pulsed  electric 
 ?eld (PEF) are non-thermal processes 
 that are also used to pasteurize foods. 
 Q.338.  Eugenol is a major component of: 
 Higher Secondary 04/08/2022 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) turmeric  (b) ginger 
 (c) clove essential oil     (d) tamarind 
 Sol.338.(c)  Clove  essential  oil.  It  is  an 
 aromatic  oil  extracted  from  cloves  that  is 
 used  widely  as  a  ?avouring  for  foods  and 
 to treat toothache. 
 Q.339.  Starch  in  potatoes  reacts  with 
 _____, turning to a blue colour. 
 SSC MTS 12/07/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) ?uorine  (b) Bromine 
 (c) Iodine  (d) Chlorine 
 Sol.339.(c)  Iodine.  The  group  17 
 elements  include  ?uorine(F),  chlorine(Cl), 
 bromine  (Br),  iodine(I)  and  astatine(At) 
 from  the  top  to  the  bottom.  They  are 
 called  “halogens”  because  they  give 
 salts when they react with metals. 
 Q.340.  Which  vegetable  contains  a 
 chemical  called  anthocyanin  that  turns 
 pink/reddish  in  the  presence  of  acid, 
 turns  purple  when  neutral  and  turns  blue 
 or  green  when  mixed  with  alkaline 
 substances? 
 SSC CHSL 24/05/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Pomegranate  (b) Red leaf lettuce 
 (c) Radish  (d) Red cabbage 
 Sol.340.(d)  Red  Cabbage.  Dietary 
 sources  of  anthocyanins  are  generally 
 easy  to  identify  due  to  their  red,  blue,  or 
 purple  color.  Examples  include  red 
 /purple  cabbage,  berries  and  red-skinned 
 grapes,  pears,  and  apples  and  various 
 vegetables  such  as  radishes  etc.  Purple 
 fruits  and  vegetables  are  high  in 
 anthocyanin. 
 Q.341.  Which  inorganic  compound  is 
 used  to  manufacture  soap,  rayon,  paper, 
 explosives,  dyes,  and  petroleum 
 products? 
 SSC CHSL 25/05/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) NaOCl  (b) NaOH 
 (c) CaOCl2  (d) NaHCO3 
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