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Page 1 Dual System of Administration introduced by Robert Clive, Governor of Bengal in 1765 was abolished by the company in 1772. Company Directors found out that the company servants were returning from India with rich wealth through gifts and bribes. In 1772, Robert Clive was cross- examined by the British Parliament which was suspicious of his vast wealth. Company directors decided to have more control over the company officials and Warren Hastings was appointed as new Governor of Bengal in 1772. Regulating Act, 1773 British Parliament decided to have some control over the British EIC and enacted the Regulating Act of 1773. This was the first step taken by British Government to control and regulate the affairs of British EIC and led to company rule in India. This act had two important features ? Act recognised political and Administrative functions of EIC and gave supervisory rights for the company over Bengal, Bombay and Chennai Presidencies. Thus British EIC was recognised as an administrative body to do administrative function over the territories under them. ? Act laid foundation for central administration of India The key points in the Act were ? Governor of Bengal was re designated as Governor General of Bengal and Warren Hastings became first Governor General of Bengal. ? Bombay and Madras presidencies subordinate to GG of Bengal. ? Established Supreme Court in Calcutta in 1774 – One chief Judge + 3 Judges. ? Prohibited private trade of Company servants and accepting bribes from natives. ? Court of Directors of company to report to British Government - Civil, Revenue and Military Affairs Earlier Bengal, Madras and Bombay presidencies were functioning independently in India but as per Regulating Act of 1773, Bengal presidency was designated as supreme body, Bombay and Madras presidencies subordinate to Bengal. This laid the foundation for central administration in India. MODERN INDIAN HISTORY BRITISH RULE Page 2 Dual System of Administration introduced by Robert Clive, Governor of Bengal in 1765 was abolished by the company in 1772. Company Directors found out that the company servants were returning from India with rich wealth through gifts and bribes. In 1772, Robert Clive was cross- examined by the British Parliament which was suspicious of his vast wealth. Company directors decided to have more control over the company officials and Warren Hastings was appointed as new Governor of Bengal in 1772. Regulating Act, 1773 British Parliament decided to have some control over the British EIC and enacted the Regulating Act of 1773. This was the first step taken by British Government to control and regulate the affairs of British EIC and led to company rule in India. This act had two important features ? Act recognised political and Administrative functions of EIC and gave supervisory rights for the company over Bengal, Bombay and Chennai Presidencies. Thus British EIC was recognised as an administrative body to do administrative function over the territories under them. ? Act laid foundation for central administration of India The key points in the Act were ? Governor of Bengal was re designated as Governor General of Bengal and Warren Hastings became first Governor General of Bengal. ? Bombay and Madras presidencies subordinate to GG of Bengal. ? Established Supreme Court in Calcutta in 1774 – One chief Judge + 3 Judges. ? Prohibited private trade of Company servants and accepting bribes from natives. ? Court of Directors of company to report to British Government - Civil, Revenue and Military Affairs Earlier Bengal, Madras and Bombay presidencies were functioning independently in India but as per Regulating Act of 1773, Bengal presidency was designated as supreme body, Bombay and Madras presidencies subordinate to Bengal. This laid the foundation for central administration in India. MODERN INDIAN HISTORY BRITISH RULE Warren Hastings (1773 – 1785) Warren Hastings was the first Governor General of Bengal and he was aimed at maintaining the balance in company’s administration. The objective of the British EIC after Regulating Act of 1773 was to increase the territory under them to have more money. Thus they started interfering in the internal issues between Indian states. The three main powers during Warren Hastings time was Marathas, Hyderabad and Mysore. The King of Maratha is called Peshwa, Hyderabad was ruled by Nizam. Mysore was ruled by Haidar Ali. There were always attacks and issues between these three major states. ? Peshwa of Maratha - Haider Ali of Mysore ? Haider Ali of Mysore – Nizam of Hyderabad ? Internal issues in Maratha British EIC interfered in the internal issues and gained more territory through their stands. This led to three Anglo-Maratha wars and four Anglo- Mysore wars. First Anglo – Maratha War (1775 – 1782) During the administration of Warran Hastings (1772 – 1785) the First Maratha War was fought. In 1772, Madhava Rao, the Peshwa of the Maratha Kingdom died. His younger brother Narayana Rao succeeded to the throne. But his ambitious uncle Raghoba alias Raghunath Rao murdered him. He announced himself as the next Peshwa. Nana Fadnavis, a senior and loyal statesman objected to it. He wanted to make Madhva Rao II, the son of Narayana Rao, as the next Peshwa. Raghoba went to the Bombay presidency of British EIC for help. Page 3 Dual System of Administration introduced by Robert Clive, Governor of Bengal in 1765 was abolished by the company in 1772. Company Directors found out that the company servants were returning from India with rich wealth through gifts and bribes. In 1772, Robert Clive was cross- examined by the British Parliament which was suspicious of his vast wealth. Company directors decided to have more control over the company officials and Warren Hastings was appointed as new Governor of Bengal in 1772. Regulating Act, 1773 British Parliament decided to have some control over the British EIC and enacted the Regulating Act of 1773. This was the first step taken by British Government to control and regulate the affairs of British EIC and led to company rule in India. This act had two important features ? Act recognised political and Administrative functions of EIC and gave supervisory rights for the company over Bengal, Bombay and Chennai Presidencies. Thus British EIC was recognised as an administrative body to do administrative function over the territories under them. ? Act laid foundation for central administration of India The key points in the Act were ? Governor of Bengal was re designated as Governor General of Bengal and Warren Hastings became first Governor General of Bengal. ? Bombay and Madras presidencies subordinate to GG of Bengal. ? Established Supreme Court in Calcutta in 1774 – One chief Judge + 3 Judges. ? Prohibited private trade of Company servants and accepting bribes from natives. ? Court of Directors of company to report to British Government - Civil, Revenue and Military Affairs Earlier Bengal, Madras and Bombay presidencies were functioning independently in India but as per Regulating Act of 1773, Bengal presidency was designated as supreme body, Bombay and Madras presidencies subordinate to Bengal. This laid the foundation for central administration in India. MODERN INDIAN HISTORY BRITISH RULE Warren Hastings (1773 – 1785) Warren Hastings was the first Governor General of Bengal and he was aimed at maintaining the balance in company’s administration. The objective of the British EIC after Regulating Act of 1773 was to increase the territory under them to have more money. Thus they started interfering in the internal issues between Indian states. The three main powers during Warren Hastings time was Marathas, Hyderabad and Mysore. The King of Maratha is called Peshwa, Hyderabad was ruled by Nizam. Mysore was ruled by Haidar Ali. There were always attacks and issues between these three major states. ? Peshwa of Maratha - Haider Ali of Mysore ? Haider Ali of Mysore – Nizam of Hyderabad ? Internal issues in Maratha British EIC interfered in the internal issues and gained more territory through their stands. This led to three Anglo-Maratha wars and four Anglo- Mysore wars. First Anglo – Maratha War (1775 – 1782) During the administration of Warran Hastings (1772 – 1785) the First Maratha War was fought. In 1772, Madhava Rao, the Peshwa of the Maratha Kingdom died. His younger brother Narayana Rao succeeded to the throne. But his ambitious uncle Raghoba alias Raghunath Rao murdered him. He announced himself as the next Peshwa. Nana Fadnavis, a senior and loyal statesman objected to it. He wanted to make Madhva Rao II, the son of Narayana Rao, as the next Peshwa. Raghoba went to the Bombay presidency of British EIC for help. British EIC helped Raghunath Rao and 7 years long war was fought against Nana Fadnavis and The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Salbai in 1782. Treaty of Salabai, 1782 The outcome of treaty of Salbai are ? Status quo for 20 years – British EIC and Marathas were agreed to have peace for next 20 years. ? Raghunatha Rao was given pension – nearly 3 Lakh rupees per anuum ? Madhava Rao II was made Peshwa of Maratha region ? English gained control over Salsette region.Read More
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