Haridwar | Uttarakhand State PSC (UKPSC): Preparation - UKPSC (Uttarakhand) PDF Download

 Page 1


Haridwar
Haridwar district, covering an area of about 2360 sq.km. is in the western
part of Uttarakhand. It’s latitude and longitude are 29.58 degree north and
78.13 degree east respectively. The height from the sea level is 249.7 mts.
The district came into existence on 28
th
 Dec. 1988. Prior to its inclusion in the
newly created state of Uttarakhand, this district was a part of Saharanpur
Divisional Commissionary. The district is ringed by Saharanpur in the west,
Dehradun in the north and east, Pauri Garhwal in the east, Muzzaffarnagar
and Bijnor in the south. The district headquarter is situated in the Roshnabad.
As per the 2011 census, the population of the district is 18,90,422. Due to
Haridwar’s location on the bank of river Ganga, it has plenty of water
resources and almost all kind of food grains are produced here in abundance.
History- Haridwar also termed as ‘Gateway to Gods’ is known as
Mayapuri, Kapila, Gangadwar as well. The followers of Lord Shiva(Har) and
followers of Lord Vishnu(Hari) pronounce this place Hardwar and Haridwar
respectively. It is also a point of entry to Dev Bhoomi and Char Dham
Legendary king Bhagirath is said to have brought the river Ganga from
heaven to earth in order to provide salvation to his ancestors. It is also said
that Haridwar has been sanctified by the presence of three Gods; Brahma,
Vishnu and Mahesh. Lord Vishnu is said to have his foot print on the stone
that is set in the upper wall of Har-Ki-Pauri where the Holy Ganga touches it
all the times. Devout believers feel that they can go to heaven by getting their
salvation after a dip in the sacred Ganga at Haridwar.
Haridwar is also one of the four places; where Kumbh Mela occurs after
rotation of every twelve Years and Ardh Kumbh after every six years. It is
said that drops of Amrit (Elixir) fell in to the Brahmkund of Har-Ki-Pauri,
therefore considered that a dip in the Brahmakund on this particular day
which is very auspicious and when Jupiter (Brahaspati) comes to the sign
Aquarius (Kumbh) once in every twelve years the Maha Kumbh fair is
celebrated at Haridwar.. Being one of the oldest living cities, Haridwar finds
its mention in the ancient Hindu scriptures as it waves through the life and
time stretching from the period of the Budha to the more recent British
advent. Haridwar has not only remained the abode of the weary in body,
Page 2


Haridwar
Haridwar district, covering an area of about 2360 sq.km. is in the western
part of Uttarakhand. It’s latitude and longitude are 29.58 degree north and
78.13 degree east respectively. The height from the sea level is 249.7 mts.
The district came into existence on 28
th
 Dec. 1988. Prior to its inclusion in the
newly created state of Uttarakhand, this district was a part of Saharanpur
Divisional Commissionary. The district is ringed by Saharanpur in the west,
Dehradun in the north and east, Pauri Garhwal in the east, Muzzaffarnagar
and Bijnor in the south. The district headquarter is situated in the Roshnabad.
As per the 2011 census, the population of the district is 18,90,422. Due to
Haridwar’s location on the bank of river Ganga, it has plenty of water
resources and almost all kind of food grains are produced here in abundance.
History- Haridwar also termed as ‘Gateway to Gods’ is known as
Mayapuri, Kapila, Gangadwar as well. The followers of Lord Shiva(Har) and
followers of Lord Vishnu(Hari) pronounce this place Hardwar and Haridwar
respectively. It is also a point of entry to Dev Bhoomi and Char Dham
Legendary king Bhagirath is said to have brought the river Ganga from
heaven to earth in order to provide salvation to his ancestors. It is also said
that Haridwar has been sanctified by the presence of three Gods; Brahma,
Vishnu and Mahesh. Lord Vishnu is said to have his foot print on the stone
that is set in the upper wall of Har-Ki-Pauri where the Holy Ganga touches it
all the times. Devout believers feel that they can go to heaven by getting their
salvation after a dip in the sacred Ganga at Haridwar.
Haridwar is also one of the four places; where Kumbh Mela occurs after
rotation of every twelve Years and Ardh Kumbh after every six years. It is
said that drops of Amrit (Elixir) fell in to the Brahmkund of Har-Ki-Pauri,
therefore considered that a dip in the Brahmakund on this particular day
which is very auspicious and when Jupiter (Brahaspati) comes to the sign
Aquarius (Kumbh) once in every twelve years the Maha Kumbh fair is
celebrated at Haridwar.. Being one of the oldest living cities, Haridwar finds
its mention in the ancient Hindu scriptures as it waves through the life and
time stretching from the period of the Budha to the more recent British
advent. Haridwar has not only remained the abode of the weary in body,
mind and spirit, but also served as centre of attraction for many, for learning
the arts science and culture. Haridwar’s long standing position as a great
source for Ayurvedic medicines and herbal remedies as well as its unique
Gurukul school of traditional education, the scenic beauty and lush greenery.
The Rajaji National Park is just 10 kms from Haridwar. Its an ideal
destination for wild life and adventure lovers. In the evening the ghats look
breathtakingly beautiful as thousands of diyas (lamps) and marigold flowers
float and illuminate the holy waters. Haridwar as today has not only religious
importance but it has another temple of modern civilization i.e. BHEL, a
‘Navratna PSU’ to its credit apart from Integrated Industrial Estate(IIE)
established at Haridwar under SIIDCUL spread in total area of about 2034
acres. The IIT Roorkee(Earlier Roorkee University) at Roorkee is one of the
oldest and prestigious institute of learning in the fields of science and
engineering. Another university of the district i.e. Gurukul having vast
campus is giving traditional educations of its own kind.
Tehsil- 1-Haridwar, 2-Roorkee, 3-Bhagwanpur, 4- Laksar
Blocks- 1-Khanpur 2- Bahadarabad, 3- Bhagwanpur, 4- Roorkee, 5-
Narsan, 6- Laksar
About Kumbh
The origin of the Kumbh is very old and dates back to the time when Kalasha
(pot of nectar of immortality) was recovered from Samudramanthan (during
the churning of the primordial sea), for which a tense war between Devtas
(Gods) and Asuras (Demons) ensued. To prevent the Amrita Kalasha being
forcibly taken into possession by Asuras, who were more powerful than
Devtas, its safety was entrusted to the Devtas Brahaspati, Surya, Chandra and
Shani. The four Devtas ran away with the Amrita Kalasha to hide it from the
Asuras. Learning the conspiracy of Devtas, Asuras turned ferocious and
chased the 4 Devtas running with Amrita Kalasha. The chase, lasted 12 days
and nights during which the Devtas and Asuras went round the earth and
during this chase, Devtas put Amrita Kalasha at Haridwar, Prayag, Ujjain and
Nasik.To commemorate this holy event of the Amrita Kalasha Amrita being
put at 4 places, Kumbh is celebrated every 12 years.
The Religious Importance-at every Kumbh occassion, millions of Hindus
take part in the celebrations. During 2003 Kumbh at Haridwar, more than 10
millions devoteed gathered at the site. Saints, priests, and yogis from all
Page 3


Haridwar
Haridwar district, covering an area of about 2360 sq.km. is in the western
part of Uttarakhand. It’s latitude and longitude are 29.58 degree north and
78.13 degree east respectively. The height from the sea level is 249.7 mts.
The district came into existence on 28
th
 Dec. 1988. Prior to its inclusion in the
newly created state of Uttarakhand, this district was a part of Saharanpur
Divisional Commissionary. The district is ringed by Saharanpur in the west,
Dehradun in the north and east, Pauri Garhwal in the east, Muzzaffarnagar
and Bijnor in the south. The district headquarter is situated in the Roshnabad.
As per the 2011 census, the population of the district is 18,90,422. Due to
Haridwar’s location on the bank of river Ganga, it has plenty of water
resources and almost all kind of food grains are produced here in abundance.
History- Haridwar also termed as ‘Gateway to Gods’ is known as
Mayapuri, Kapila, Gangadwar as well. The followers of Lord Shiva(Har) and
followers of Lord Vishnu(Hari) pronounce this place Hardwar and Haridwar
respectively. It is also a point of entry to Dev Bhoomi and Char Dham
Legendary king Bhagirath is said to have brought the river Ganga from
heaven to earth in order to provide salvation to his ancestors. It is also said
that Haridwar has been sanctified by the presence of three Gods; Brahma,
Vishnu and Mahesh. Lord Vishnu is said to have his foot print on the stone
that is set in the upper wall of Har-Ki-Pauri where the Holy Ganga touches it
all the times. Devout believers feel that they can go to heaven by getting their
salvation after a dip in the sacred Ganga at Haridwar.
Haridwar is also one of the four places; where Kumbh Mela occurs after
rotation of every twelve Years and Ardh Kumbh after every six years. It is
said that drops of Amrit (Elixir) fell in to the Brahmkund of Har-Ki-Pauri,
therefore considered that a dip in the Brahmakund on this particular day
which is very auspicious and when Jupiter (Brahaspati) comes to the sign
Aquarius (Kumbh) once in every twelve years the Maha Kumbh fair is
celebrated at Haridwar.. Being one of the oldest living cities, Haridwar finds
its mention in the ancient Hindu scriptures as it waves through the life and
time stretching from the period of the Budha to the more recent British
advent. Haridwar has not only remained the abode of the weary in body,
mind and spirit, but also served as centre of attraction for many, for learning
the arts science and culture. Haridwar’s long standing position as a great
source for Ayurvedic medicines and herbal remedies as well as its unique
Gurukul school of traditional education, the scenic beauty and lush greenery.
The Rajaji National Park is just 10 kms from Haridwar. Its an ideal
destination for wild life and adventure lovers. In the evening the ghats look
breathtakingly beautiful as thousands of diyas (lamps) and marigold flowers
float and illuminate the holy waters. Haridwar as today has not only religious
importance but it has another temple of modern civilization i.e. BHEL, a
‘Navratna PSU’ to its credit apart from Integrated Industrial Estate(IIE)
established at Haridwar under SIIDCUL spread in total area of about 2034
acres. The IIT Roorkee(Earlier Roorkee University) at Roorkee is one of the
oldest and prestigious institute of learning in the fields of science and
engineering. Another university of the district i.e. Gurukul having vast
campus is giving traditional educations of its own kind.
Tehsil- 1-Haridwar, 2-Roorkee, 3-Bhagwanpur, 4- Laksar
Blocks- 1-Khanpur 2- Bahadarabad, 3- Bhagwanpur, 4- Roorkee, 5-
Narsan, 6- Laksar
About Kumbh
The origin of the Kumbh is very old and dates back to the time when Kalasha
(pot of nectar of immortality) was recovered from Samudramanthan (during
the churning of the primordial sea), for which a tense war between Devtas
(Gods) and Asuras (Demons) ensued. To prevent the Amrita Kalasha being
forcibly taken into possession by Asuras, who were more powerful than
Devtas, its safety was entrusted to the Devtas Brahaspati, Surya, Chandra and
Shani. The four Devtas ran away with the Amrita Kalasha to hide it from the
Asuras. Learning the conspiracy of Devtas, Asuras turned ferocious and
chased the 4 Devtas running with Amrita Kalasha. The chase, lasted 12 days
and nights during which the Devtas and Asuras went round the earth and
during this chase, Devtas put Amrita Kalasha at Haridwar, Prayag, Ujjain and
Nasik.To commemorate this holy event of the Amrita Kalasha Amrita being
put at 4 places, Kumbh is celebrated every 12 years.
The Religious Importance-at every Kumbh occassion, millions of Hindus
take part in the celebrations. During 2003 Kumbh at Haridwar, more than 10
millions devoteed gathered at the site. Saints, priests, and yogis from all
corners of India, gathered to participate in Kumbh. The festival is visited by
the most amazing saints from all across India. The Naga Sadhus are one such,
who never any cloth and are smeared in ash. They have long matted hairs and
are not at all affected by the extremes of heat and cold. Then there are the
Urdhwavahurs, who believe in putting the body through severe austerities.
There are the Parivajakas, who have taken a vow of silence and go about
tinkling little bells to get people out of their way. The Shirshasins stand all 24
hours and meditate for hours standing on their heads. Spending the entire
month of Kumbh on the banks of Ganga, meditating, performing rituals and
bathing thrice a day, are the Kalpvasis.It is believed that bathing during
Kumbh cures the bather of all sins and evils and grants the bather, salvation.
It is also believed that at the time of Kumbh Yog, the water of Ganga is
charged with positive healing effects and that water at the time of Kumbh is
charged positively by enhanced electromagnetic radiations of the Sun, Moon
and the Jupiter, the flux of which also varies in accordance to positions and
the phases of the moon, and also by the + and – signs of the sun spots
Culture & Heritage- Haridwar is one place where fairs are being
organized with full enthusiasm round the year, such as somwati amavasya,
Karthik Poornima, Shrvan Poornima, Ganga Dussehra and other important
bathing dates of Hindu calendar. The Kanwad Mela during the month of
Shravana is Very popular among masses in which lacs of devotees of Lord
Shiva come to Haridwar to take holy water of river Ganga. Apart from these,
Kumbh mela and Ardh Kumbh mela ate interval of 12 and 6 years
respectively do not need any introduction. District administration had also
organized ‘Haridwar Mahotsava’, a 3-4 day cultural festival on the bank of
river Ganga and Ayurveda Mahotsava’. Besides this ‘Urs’ is organized
annually at the holy dargah of Piran Kaliyar in which people of all sects
participate and pray for their well being.
Important Places
Sureshwari Devi Temple-Sureshwari Devi is an old tempale in Haridwar.
This temple is dedicated to Goddess Durga and is located at outskirts of
Haridwar in Ranipur, in the peaceful forest area of Rajaji National park
Piran Kaliyar-The ‘Dargah’ of Hazrat Makhdum Allauddin Ali Ahamed
‘Sabir’ on the outskirts of Roorkee town is a worth-visit-place for every
visitor. It is situated towards the south of Haridwar. This place is one of the
Page 4


Haridwar
Haridwar district, covering an area of about 2360 sq.km. is in the western
part of Uttarakhand. It’s latitude and longitude are 29.58 degree north and
78.13 degree east respectively. The height from the sea level is 249.7 mts.
The district came into existence on 28
th
 Dec. 1988. Prior to its inclusion in the
newly created state of Uttarakhand, this district was a part of Saharanpur
Divisional Commissionary. The district is ringed by Saharanpur in the west,
Dehradun in the north and east, Pauri Garhwal in the east, Muzzaffarnagar
and Bijnor in the south. The district headquarter is situated in the Roshnabad.
As per the 2011 census, the population of the district is 18,90,422. Due to
Haridwar’s location on the bank of river Ganga, it has plenty of water
resources and almost all kind of food grains are produced here in abundance.
History- Haridwar also termed as ‘Gateway to Gods’ is known as
Mayapuri, Kapila, Gangadwar as well. The followers of Lord Shiva(Har) and
followers of Lord Vishnu(Hari) pronounce this place Hardwar and Haridwar
respectively. It is also a point of entry to Dev Bhoomi and Char Dham
Legendary king Bhagirath is said to have brought the river Ganga from
heaven to earth in order to provide salvation to his ancestors. It is also said
that Haridwar has been sanctified by the presence of three Gods; Brahma,
Vishnu and Mahesh. Lord Vishnu is said to have his foot print on the stone
that is set in the upper wall of Har-Ki-Pauri where the Holy Ganga touches it
all the times. Devout believers feel that they can go to heaven by getting their
salvation after a dip in the sacred Ganga at Haridwar.
Haridwar is also one of the four places; where Kumbh Mela occurs after
rotation of every twelve Years and Ardh Kumbh after every six years. It is
said that drops of Amrit (Elixir) fell in to the Brahmkund of Har-Ki-Pauri,
therefore considered that a dip in the Brahmakund on this particular day
which is very auspicious and when Jupiter (Brahaspati) comes to the sign
Aquarius (Kumbh) once in every twelve years the Maha Kumbh fair is
celebrated at Haridwar.. Being one of the oldest living cities, Haridwar finds
its mention in the ancient Hindu scriptures as it waves through the life and
time stretching from the period of the Budha to the more recent British
advent. Haridwar has not only remained the abode of the weary in body,
mind and spirit, but also served as centre of attraction for many, for learning
the arts science and culture. Haridwar’s long standing position as a great
source for Ayurvedic medicines and herbal remedies as well as its unique
Gurukul school of traditional education, the scenic beauty and lush greenery.
The Rajaji National Park is just 10 kms from Haridwar. Its an ideal
destination for wild life and adventure lovers. In the evening the ghats look
breathtakingly beautiful as thousands of diyas (lamps) and marigold flowers
float and illuminate the holy waters. Haridwar as today has not only religious
importance but it has another temple of modern civilization i.e. BHEL, a
‘Navratna PSU’ to its credit apart from Integrated Industrial Estate(IIE)
established at Haridwar under SIIDCUL spread in total area of about 2034
acres. The IIT Roorkee(Earlier Roorkee University) at Roorkee is one of the
oldest and prestigious institute of learning in the fields of science and
engineering. Another university of the district i.e. Gurukul having vast
campus is giving traditional educations of its own kind.
Tehsil- 1-Haridwar, 2-Roorkee, 3-Bhagwanpur, 4- Laksar
Blocks- 1-Khanpur 2- Bahadarabad, 3- Bhagwanpur, 4- Roorkee, 5-
Narsan, 6- Laksar
About Kumbh
The origin of the Kumbh is very old and dates back to the time when Kalasha
(pot of nectar of immortality) was recovered from Samudramanthan (during
the churning of the primordial sea), for which a tense war between Devtas
(Gods) and Asuras (Demons) ensued. To prevent the Amrita Kalasha being
forcibly taken into possession by Asuras, who were more powerful than
Devtas, its safety was entrusted to the Devtas Brahaspati, Surya, Chandra and
Shani. The four Devtas ran away with the Amrita Kalasha to hide it from the
Asuras. Learning the conspiracy of Devtas, Asuras turned ferocious and
chased the 4 Devtas running with Amrita Kalasha. The chase, lasted 12 days
and nights during which the Devtas and Asuras went round the earth and
during this chase, Devtas put Amrita Kalasha at Haridwar, Prayag, Ujjain and
Nasik.To commemorate this holy event of the Amrita Kalasha Amrita being
put at 4 places, Kumbh is celebrated every 12 years.
The Religious Importance-at every Kumbh occassion, millions of Hindus
take part in the celebrations. During 2003 Kumbh at Haridwar, more than 10
millions devoteed gathered at the site. Saints, priests, and yogis from all
corners of India, gathered to participate in Kumbh. The festival is visited by
the most amazing saints from all across India. The Naga Sadhus are one such,
who never any cloth and are smeared in ash. They have long matted hairs and
are not at all affected by the extremes of heat and cold. Then there are the
Urdhwavahurs, who believe in putting the body through severe austerities.
There are the Parivajakas, who have taken a vow of silence and go about
tinkling little bells to get people out of their way. The Shirshasins stand all 24
hours and meditate for hours standing on their heads. Spending the entire
month of Kumbh on the banks of Ganga, meditating, performing rituals and
bathing thrice a day, are the Kalpvasis.It is believed that bathing during
Kumbh cures the bather of all sins and evils and grants the bather, salvation.
It is also believed that at the time of Kumbh Yog, the water of Ganga is
charged with positive healing effects and that water at the time of Kumbh is
charged positively by enhanced electromagnetic radiations of the Sun, Moon
and the Jupiter, the flux of which also varies in accordance to positions and
the phases of the moon, and also by the + and – signs of the sun spots
Culture & Heritage- Haridwar is one place where fairs are being
organized with full enthusiasm round the year, such as somwati amavasya,
Karthik Poornima, Shrvan Poornima, Ganga Dussehra and other important
bathing dates of Hindu calendar. The Kanwad Mela during the month of
Shravana is Very popular among masses in which lacs of devotees of Lord
Shiva come to Haridwar to take holy water of river Ganga. Apart from these,
Kumbh mela and Ardh Kumbh mela ate interval of 12 and 6 years
respectively do not need any introduction. District administration had also
organized ‘Haridwar Mahotsava’, a 3-4 day cultural festival on the bank of
river Ganga and Ayurveda Mahotsava’. Besides this ‘Urs’ is organized
annually at the holy dargah of Piran Kaliyar in which people of all sects
participate and pray for their well being.
Important Places
Sureshwari Devi Temple-Sureshwari Devi is an old tempale in Haridwar.
This temple is dedicated to Goddess Durga and is located at outskirts of
Haridwar in Ranipur, in the peaceful forest area of Rajaji National park
Piran Kaliyar-The ‘Dargah’ of Hazrat Makhdum Allauddin Ali Ahamed
‘Sabir’ on the outskirts of Roorkee town is a worth-visit-place for every
visitor. It is situated towards the south of Haridwar. This place is one of the
living examples of unity between the Hindu and Muslim religions. Famed for
its mystical powers that fulfill the desires of the devout, the Dargah is visited
by millions of devotees from all religions from India and abroad. The Urs is
celebrated at this Dargah every year, from the first day of sighting the moon
to the sixteenth day during the Rabeeull month of the Islamic calendar.
Rajaji National Park- The Rajaji National Park is about 820 sq. km. in
area; attracts wildlife lovers with its pristine scenic beauty and rich bio
diversity. Three sanctuaries of the Shivalik range of western U.P. -Rajaji,
Motichur and Chilla were amalgamated into a large protected area and named
Rajaji National Park in year 1983. It has 23 species of mammals and 315
avifauna species. Wildlife includes elephants tigers, leopard, jungle cat,
Himalayan yellow throated marten, samber, cheetal, barking deer, wild boar,
langoor, ghural, sloth beer, king cobra, woodpecker etc. The river shelters
fish in abundance.
Har ki Pauri-This sacred Ghat was constructed by King Vikramaditya in
memory of his brother Bhartrihari. It is believed that Bhartrihari eventually
came to Haridwar to meditate by the banks of holy Ganga. When he died, his
brother constructed a Ghat in his name which later came to be known as
Hari-Ki-Pari. This sacred bathing ghat is also known as Brahmakund. The
reflection of golden hues of floral diyas in the river Ganga is the most
enchanting sight in the twilight during the Ganga Arti ceremony.
Chandi Devi Temple-The temple of Chandi Devi atop the Neel Parvat on
the other bank of river Ganga was constructed in 1929 A.D. by the king of
Kashmir- Suchat Singh. It is 3 kms. trek from Chandighat. Legend has it that
the army chief Chanda-Munda of a local demon King Shumbh- Nishumbha
was killed by goddess Chandi here after which the place got the name Chandi
Devi. It is believed that the main statue was established by the Adi
Shankracharya in 8
th
 century A.D.
Mansa Devi Temple-The temple of Goddess Mansa Devi is situated at the
top of Bilwa Parwat. Here one statue of the Goddess has three mouths and
five arms while the other statue has eight arms. The beautiful view of the city
can be seen from this place.
Daksha Mahadev Tample-The ancient temple of Daksha Mahadev is
situated in the south Kankhal town. The mythological story about this place is
that King Daksha Prajapati, father of Sati (Lord Shiva ‘s first wife) performed
yagya at this place. Daksha Prajapati did not invite Lord Shiva and Sati felt
Page 5


Haridwar
Haridwar district, covering an area of about 2360 sq.km. is in the western
part of Uttarakhand. It’s latitude and longitude are 29.58 degree north and
78.13 degree east respectively. The height from the sea level is 249.7 mts.
The district came into existence on 28
th
 Dec. 1988. Prior to its inclusion in the
newly created state of Uttarakhand, this district was a part of Saharanpur
Divisional Commissionary. The district is ringed by Saharanpur in the west,
Dehradun in the north and east, Pauri Garhwal in the east, Muzzaffarnagar
and Bijnor in the south. The district headquarter is situated in the Roshnabad.
As per the 2011 census, the population of the district is 18,90,422. Due to
Haridwar’s location on the bank of river Ganga, it has plenty of water
resources and almost all kind of food grains are produced here in abundance.
History- Haridwar also termed as ‘Gateway to Gods’ is known as
Mayapuri, Kapila, Gangadwar as well. The followers of Lord Shiva(Har) and
followers of Lord Vishnu(Hari) pronounce this place Hardwar and Haridwar
respectively. It is also a point of entry to Dev Bhoomi and Char Dham
Legendary king Bhagirath is said to have brought the river Ganga from
heaven to earth in order to provide salvation to his ancestors. It is also said
that Haridwar has been sanctified by the presence of three Gods; Brahma,
Vishnu and Mahesh. Lord Vishnu is said to have his foot print on the stone
that is set in the upper wall of Har-Ki-Pauri where the Holy Ganga touches it
all the times. Devout believers feel that they can go to heaven by getting their
salvation after a dip in the sacred Ganga at Haridwar.
Haridwar is also one of the four places; where Kumbh Mela occurs after
rotation of every twelve Years and Ardh Kumbh after every six years. It is
said that drops of Amrit (Elixir) fell in to the Brahmkund of Har-Ki-Pauri,
therefore considered that a dip in the Brahmakund on this particular day
which is very auspicious and when Jupiter (Brahaspati) comes to the sign
Aquarius (Kumbh) once in every twelve years the Maha Kumbh fair is
celebrated at Haridwar.. Being one of the oldest living cities, Haridwar finds
its mention in the ancient Hindu scriptures as it waves through the life and
time stretching from the period of the Budha to the more recent British
advent. Haridwar has not only remained the abode of the weary in body,
mind and spirit, but also served as centre of attraction for many, for learning
the arts science and culture. Haridwar’s long standing position as a great
source for Ayurvedic medicines and herbal remedies as well as its unique
Gurukul school of traditional education, the scenic beauty and lush greenery.
The Rajaji National Park is just 10 kms from Haridwar. Its an ideal
destination for wild life and adventure lovers. In the evening the ghats look
breathtakingly beautiful as thousands of diyas (lamps) and marigold flowers
float and illuminate the holy waters. Haridwar as today has not only religious
importance but it has another temple of modern civilization i.e. BHEL, a
‘Navratna PSU’ to its credit apart from Integrated Industrial Estate(IIE)
established at Haridwar under SIIDCUL spread in total area of about 2034
acres. The IIT Roorkee(Earlier Roorkee University) at Roorkee is one of the
oldest and prestigious institute of learning in the fields of science and
engineering. Another university of the district i.e. Gurukul having vast
campus is giving traditional educations of its own kind.
Tehsil- 1-Haridwar, 2-Roorkee, 3-Bhagwanpur, 4- Laksar
Blocks- 1-Khanpur 2- Bahadarabad, 3- Bhagwanpur, 4- Roorkee, 5-
Narsan, 6- Laksar
About Kumbh
The origin of the Kumbh is very old and dates back to the time when Kalasha
(pot of nectar of immortality) was recovered from Samudramanthan (during
the churning of the primordial sea), for which a tense war between Devtas
(Gods) and Asuras (Demons) ensued. To prevent the Amrita Kalasha being
forcibly taken into possession by Asuras, who were more powerful than
Devtas, its safety was entrusted to the Devtas Brahaspati, Surya, Chandra and
Shani. The four Devtas ran away with the Amrita Kalasha to hide it from the
Asuras. Learning the conspiracy of Devtas, Asuras turned ferocious and
chased the 4 Devtas running with Amrita Kalasha. The chase, lasted 12 days
and nights during which the Devtas and Asuras went round the earth and
during this chase, Devtas put Amrita Kalasha at Haridwar, Prayag, Ujjain and
Nasik.To commemorate this holy event of the Amrita Kalasha Amrita being
put at 4 places, Kumbh is celebrated every 12 years.
The Religious Importance-at every Kumbh occassion, millions of Hindus
take part in the celebrations. During 2003 Kumbh at Haridwar, more than 10
millions devoteed gathered at the site. Saints, priests, and yogis from all
corners of India, gathered to participate in Kumbh. The festival is visited by
the most amazing saints from all across India. The Naga Sadhus are one such,
who never any cloth and are smeared in ash. They have long matted hairs and
are not at all affected by the extremes of heat and cold. Then there are the
Urdhwavahurs, who believe in putting the body through severe austerities.
There are the Parivajakas, who have taken a vow of silence and go about
tinkling little bells to get people out of their way. The Shirshasins stand all 24
hours and meditate for hours standing on their heads. Spending the entire
month of Kumbh on the banks of Ganga, meditating, performing rituals and
bathing thrice a day, are the Kalpvasis.It is believed that bathing during
Kumbh cures the bather of all sins and evils and grants the bather, salvation.
It is also believed that at the time of Kumbh Yog, the water of Ganga is
charged with positive healing effects and that water at the time of Kumbh is
charged positively by enhanced electromagnetic radiations of the Sun, Moon
and the Jupiter, the flux of which also varies in accordance to positions and
the phases of the moon, and also by the + and – signs of the sun spots
Culture & Heritage- Haridwar is one place where fairs are being
organized with full enthusiasm round the year, such as somwati amavasya,
Karthik Poornima, Shrvan Poornima, Ganga Dussehra and other important
bathing dates of Hindu calendar. The Kanwad Mela during the month of
Shravana is Very popular among masses in which lacs of devotees of Lord
Shiva come to Haridwar to take holy water of river Ganga. Apart from these,
Kumbh mela and Ardh Kumbh mela ate interval of 12 and 6 years
respectively do not need any introduction. District administration had also
organized ‘Haridwar Mahotsava’, a 3-4 day cultural festival on the bank of
river Ganga and Ayurveda Mahotsava’. Besides this ‘Urs’ is organized
annually at the holy dargah of Piran Kaliyar in which people of all sects
participate and pray for their well being.
Important Places
Sureshwari Devi Temple-Sureshwari Devi is an old tempale in Haridwar.
This temple is dedicated to Goddess Durga and is located at outskirts of
Haridwar in Ranipur, in the peaceful forest area of Rajaji National park
Piran Kaliyar-The ‘Dargah’ of Hazrat Makhdum Allauddin Ali Ahamed
‘Sabir’ on the outskirts of Roorkee town is a worth-visit-place for every
visitor. It is situated towards the south of Haridwar. This place is one of the
living examples of unity between the Hindu and Muslim religions. Famed for
its mystical powers that fulfill the desires of the devout, the Dargah is visited
by millions of devotees from all religions from India and abroad. The Urs is
celebrated at this Dargah every year, from the first day of sighting the moon
to the sixteenth day during the Rabeeull month of the Islamic calendar.
Rajaji National Park- The Rajaji National Park is about 820 sq. km. in
area; attracts wildlife lovers with its pristine scenic beauty and rich bio
diversity. Three sanctuaries of the Shivalik range of western U.P. -Rajaji,
Motichur and Chilla were amalgamated into a large protected area and named
Rajaji National Park in year 1983. It has 23 species of mammals and 315
avifauna species. Wildlife includes elephants tigers, leopard, jungle cat,
Himalayan yellow throated marten, samber, cheetal, barking deer, wild boar,
langoor, ghural, sloth beer, king cobra, woodpecker etc. The river shelters
fish in abundance.
Har ki Pauri-This sacred Ghat was constructed by King Vikramaditya in
memory of his brother Bhartrihari. It is believed that Bhartrihari eventually
came to Haridwar to meditate by the banks of holy Ganga. When he died, his
brother constructed a Ghat in his name which later came to be known as
Hari-Ki-Pari. This sacred bathing ghat is also known as Brahmakund. The
reflection of golden hues of floral diyas in the river Ganga is the most
enchanting sight in the twilight during the Ganga Arti ceremony.
Chandi Devi Temple-The temple of Chandi Devi atop the Neel Parvat on
the other bank of river Ganga was constructed in 1929 A.D. by the king of
Kashmir- Suchat Singh. It is 3 kms. trek from Chandighat. Legend has it that
the army chief Chanda-Munda of a local demon King Shumbh- Nishumbha
was killed by goddess Chandi here after which the place got the name Chandi
Devi. It is believed that the main statue was established by the Adi
Shankracharya in 8
th
 century A.D.
Mansa Devi Temple-The temple of Goddess Mansa Devi is situated at the
top of Bilwa Parwat. Here one statue of the Goddess has three mouths and
five arms while the other statue has eight arms. The beautiful view of the city
can be seen from this place.
Daksha Mahadev Tample-The ancient temple of Daksha Mahadev is
situated in the south Kankhal town. The mythological story about this place is
that King Daksha Prajapati, father of Sati (Lord Shiva ‘s first wife) performed
yagya at this place. Daksha Prajapati did not invite Lord Shiva and Sati felt
insulted. Therefore she burnt herself in the yagya Kund. This incident
provoked the disciples and followers of Mahadev who killed King Daksha,
but later on Lord Mahadev brought him back to life. Daksha Mahadev temple
is thus a tribute to this legend.
Bhimgoda Tank-This tank is at a distance of about 1 km from Harki Pairi.
It is said that while Pandavas were going to Himalayas through Haridwar,
Bhim made this tank with the blow of his knee.
Sapt Rishi Ashram-It is said that Ganga had split herself in seven currents
at this place so that the Sapt(seven) Rishis worshipping there would not be
disturbed.
Maya Devi Temple-This is an ancient temple of Maya Devi the
Adhisthatri deity of Haridwar, known as one of the Siddhpeethas. Said to be
the place where the heart and navel of goddess Sati had fallen.
Other Place of Interest: Haridwar has several other beautifully made
Ashrams/temples of significance such as ShantiKunj, Jairam Ashram, Bhuma
Niketan, Bharat Mata Mandir, Vaishnav Devi Temple, Radha Krishan
temple, Shravan Nath Math, Pawan Dham, Doodhadari temple, Bilkeshwar
Mahadev temple, Shahi Gurudwara, Parmarth Ashram, Prem Nagar Ashram,
Ma Anand Mai Ashram etc. All of these places are worth seeing