Syllabus: UGC NET Commerce (Paper - II) | Crash Course for UGC NET Commerce PDF Download

 Page 1


 
1 
 
                                                
  
 
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION 
NET BUREAU 
 
                                NET SYLLABUS 
  
Subject:  Commerce                            Code No. : 08 
  
 
  
 
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business 
Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing 
Unit 3: Business Economics 
Unit 4: Business Finance 
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods 
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management 
Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions 
Unit 8: Marketing Management 
Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business 
Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning 
 
 
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business 
 
? Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic 
systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- 
Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, 
FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social 
Responsibility (CSR) 
? Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes 
of entry into international business 
? Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff 
and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy 
Page 2


 
1 
 
                                                
  
 
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION 
NET BUREAU 
 
                                NET SYLLABUS 
  
Subject:  Commerce                            Code No. : 08 
  
 
  
 
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business 
Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing 
Unit 3: Business Economics 
Unit 4: Business Finance 
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods 
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management 
Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions 
Unit 8: Marketing Management 
Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business 
Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning 
 
 
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business 
 
? Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic 
systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- 
Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, 
FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social 
Responsibility (CSR) 
? Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes 
of entry into international business 
? Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff 
and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy 
 
2 
? Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of 
FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s 
FDI policy 
? Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP 
? Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade 
creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), 
ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA 
? International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD 
? World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture 
Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS 
 
 
Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing 
 
? Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates 
? Partnership Accounts:  Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of 
partnership firms 
? Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of 
companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies 
? Holding company accounts 
? Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; 
Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); 
Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and 
JIT 
? Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow 
analysis 
? Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting 
? Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS 
? Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets 
and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit 
? Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; 
Systems audit; Safety audit 
 
 
 
Unit 3: Business Economics 
 
? Meaning and scope of business economics 
? Objectives of business firms 
? Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; 
Relationship between AR and MR 
? Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis 
? Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale 
Page 3


 
1 
 
                                                
  
 
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION 
NET BUREAU 
 
                                NET SYLLABUS 
  
Subject:  Commerce                            Code No. : 08 
  
 
  
 
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business 
Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing 
Unit 3: Business Economics 
Unit 4: Business Finance 
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods 
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management 
Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions 
Unit 8: Marketing Management 
Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business 
Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning 
 
 
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business 
 
? Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic 
systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- 
Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, 
FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social 
Responsibility (CSR) 
? Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes 
of entry into international business 
? Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff 
and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy 
 
2 
? Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of 
FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s 
FDI policy 
? Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP 
? Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade 
creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), 
ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA 
? International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD 
? World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture 
Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS 
 
 
Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing 
 
? Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates 
? Partnership Accounts:  Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of 
partnership firms 
? Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of 
companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies 
? Holding company accounts 
? Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; 
Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); 
Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and 
JIT 
? Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow 
analysis 
? Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting 
? Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS 
? Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets 
and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit 
? Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; 
Systems audit; Safety audit 
 
 
 
Unit 3: Business Economics 
 
? Meaning and scope of business economics 
? Objectives of business firms 
? Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; 
Relationship between AR and MR 
? Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis 
? Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale 
 
3 
? Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves 
? Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic 
competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination 
? Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing 
 
 
Unit 4: Business Finance 
 
? Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing  
? Cost of capital and time value of money 
? Capital structure  
? Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital 
budgeting analysis  
? Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies  
? Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization 
? International monetary system  
? Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques 
? International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs 
? International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting 
 
 
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods 
 
? Measures of central tendency 
? Measures of dispersion 
? Measures of skewness 
? Correlation and regression of two variables 
? Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem 
? Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions 
? Research: Concept and types; Research designs 
? Data: Collection and classification of data 
? Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-
probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; 
Statistical estimation 
? Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-
test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test 
? Report writing 
 
 
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management 
 
? Principles and functions of management  
Page 4


 
1 
 
                                                
  
 
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION 
NET BUREAU 
 
                                NET SYLLABUS 
  
Subject:  Commerce                            Code No. : 08 
  
 
  
 
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business 
Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing 
Unit 3: Business Economics 
Unit 4: Business Finance 
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods 
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management 
Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions 
Unit 8: Marketing Management 
Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business 
Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning 
 
 
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business 
 
? Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic 
systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- 
Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, 
FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social 
Responsibility (CSR) 
? Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes 
of entry into international business 
? Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff 
and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy 
 
2 
? Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of 
FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s 
FDI policy 
? Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP 
? Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade 
creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), 
ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA 
? International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD 
? World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture 
Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS 
 
 
Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing 
 
? Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates 
? Partnership Accounts:  Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of 
partnership firms 
? Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of 
companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies 
? Holding company accounts 
? Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; 
Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); 
Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and 
JIT 
? Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow 
analysis 
? Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting 
? Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS 
? Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets 
and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit 
? Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; 
Systems audit; Safety audit 
 
 
 
Unit 3: Business Economics 
 
? Meaning and scope of business economics 
? Objectives of business firms 
? Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; 
Relationship between AR and MR 
? Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis 
? Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale 
 
3 
? Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves 
? Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic 
competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination 
? Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing 
 
 
Unit 4: Business Finance 
 
? Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing  
? Cost of capital and time value of money 
? Capital structure  
? Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital 
budgeting analysis  
? Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies  
? Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization 
? International monetary system  
? Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques 
? International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs 
? International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting 
 
 
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods 
 
? Measures of central tendency 
? Measures of dispersion 
? Measures of skewness 
? Correlation and regression of two variables 
? Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem 
? Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions 
? Research: Concept and types; Research designs 
? Data: Collection and classification of data 
? Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-
probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; 
Statistical estimation 
? Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-
test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test 
? Report writing 
 
 
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management 
 
? Principles and functions of management  
 
4 
? Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control 
? Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization 
? Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories 
? Corporate governance and business ethics 
? Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource 
planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning 
? Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits 
? Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal 
? Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management 
? Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; 
Conflict and negotiation; Stress management  
? Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change 
 
 
Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions 
 
? Overview of Indian financial system 
? Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; 
Cooperative banks 
? Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management 
? Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management 
? Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market 
? Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking 
Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds 
? Financial Regulators in India 
? Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion 
? Digitisation of banking and other financial services:  Internet banking; mobile 
banking; Digital payments systems 
? Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and 
management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory 
framework of insurance- IRDA and its role 
 
 
Unit 8: Marketing Management 
 
? Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic 
marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning 
? Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; 
New product development 
? Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and 
strategies 
Page 5


 
1 
 
                                                
  
 
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION 
NET BUREAU 
 
                                NET SYLLABUS 
  
Subject:  Commerce                            Code No. : 08 
  
 
  
 
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business 
Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing 
Unit 3: Business Economics 
Unit 4: Business Finance 
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods 
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management 
Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions 
Unit 8: Marketing Management 
Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business 
Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning 
 
 
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business 
 
? Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic 
systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- 
Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, 
FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social 
Responsibility (CSR) 
? Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes 
of entry into international business 
? Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff 
and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy 
 
2 
? Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of 
FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s 
FDI policy 
? Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP 
? Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade 
creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), 
ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA 
? International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD 
? World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture 
Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS 
 
 
Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing 
 
? Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates 
? Partnership Accounts:  Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of 
partnership firms 
? Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of 
companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies 
? Holding company accounts 
? Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; 
Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); 
Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and 
JIT 
? Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow 
analysis 
? Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting 
? Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS 
? Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets 
and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit 
? Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; 
Systems audit; Safety audit 
 
 
 
Unit 3: Business Economics 
 
? Meaning and scope of business economics 
? Objectives of business firms 
? Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; 
Relationship between AR and MR 
? Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis 
? Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale 
 
3 
? Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves 
? Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic 
competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination 
? Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing 
 
 
Unit 4: Business Finance 
 
? Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing  
? Cost of capital and time value of money 
? Capital structure  
? Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital 
budgeting analysis  
? Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies  
? Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization 
? International monetary system  
? Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques 
? International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs 
? International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting 
 
 
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods 
 
? Measures of central tendency 
? Measures of dispersion 
? Measures of skewness 
? Correlation and regression of two variables 
? Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem 
? Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions 
? Research: Concept and types; Research designs 
? Data: Collection and classification of data 
? Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-
probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; 
Statistical estimation 
? Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-
test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test 
? Report writing 
 
 
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management 
 
? Principles and functions of management  
 
4 
? Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control 
? Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization 
? Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories 
? Corporate governance and business ethics 
? Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource 
planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning 
? Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits 
? Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal 
? Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management 
? Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; 
Conflict and negotiation; Stress management  
? Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change 
 
 
Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions 
 
? Overview of Indian financial system 
? Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; 
Cooperative banks 
? Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management 
? Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management 
? Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market 
? Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking 
Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds 
? Financial Regulators in India 
? Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion 
? Digitisation of banking and other financial services:  Internet banking; mobile 
banking; Digital payments systems 
? Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and 
management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory 
framework of insurance- IRDA and its role 
 
 
Unit 8: Marketing Management 
 
? Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic 
marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning 
? Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; 
New product development 
? Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and 
strategies 
 
5 
? Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods - 
Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; 
Promotion mix 
? Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management   
? Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer 
buying decisions 
? Service marketing 
? Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct 
marketing; Rural marketing; CRM 
? Logistics management 
 
 
Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business 
 
? Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free 
consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; 
Quasi contracts;  
? Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and 
pledge; Contracts of agency 
? Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; 
Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer 
? Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and 
assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments  
? The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; 
Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company 
? Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India  
? The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions 
? The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber 
crimes and penalties 
? The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions 
? Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging 
issues in intellectual property 
? Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; 
Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST  
 
 
Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning 
 
? Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes;  
Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions 
from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes  
? International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer 
pricing