Syllabus for PGT - Chemistry | AWES PGT Mock Test Series 2024 - AWES TGT/PGT PDF Download

 Page 1


Syllabus for the post of PGT  -Chemistry 
Basic Concepts of Chemistry: General Introduction: Importance and scope of Chemistry. Nature of
matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and 
molecules. Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, 
empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on 
stoichiometry. 
Structure of Atom: Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars.
Thomson's model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations, Bohr's model and its 
limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie's relationship, 
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d 
orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and 
Hund's rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals. 
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties: Significance of classification, brief history
of the development of periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, 
periodic trends in properties of elements -atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization enthalpy, 
electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number 
greater than 100. 
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure: Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond
parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, 
valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of 
hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital 
theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), Hydrogen bond.  
Chemical Thermodynamics: Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat,
energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions. First law of thermodynamics -internal 
energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ?U & ?H, Hess's law of 
constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond of  dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, 
sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Second law of Thermodynamics, 
Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibb's energy change for spontaneous and 
nonspontaneous processes, criteria for equilibrium. Third law of thermodynamics. 
Equilibrium: Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of
mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium - Le Chatelier's principle, ionic 
equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, 
ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), 
buffer solution, Henderson Equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative 
examples).  
Redox Reactions:  Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing
redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number, applications 
of redox reactions.  
Organic Chemistry -Some Basic Principles and Techniques: General introduction, methods of
purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic 
compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, 
resonance and hyper conjugation.  Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, 
carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions. 
Subject specific syllabus includes the concepts of NCERT/CBSE syllabus and Text Books (Classes 
XI & XII), however, the questions will be testing the depth of understanding and application of 
these concepts at the level of Post- Graduation. 
10
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Syllabus for the post of PGT  -Chemistry 
Basic Concepts of Chemistry: General Introduction: Importance and scope of Chemistry. Nature of
matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and 
molecules. Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, 
empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on 
stoichiometry. 
Structure of Atom: Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars.
Thomson's model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations, Bohr's model and its 
limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie's relationship, 
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d 
orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and 
Hund's rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals. 
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties: Significance of classification, brief history
of the development of periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, 
periodic trends in properties of elements -atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization enthalpy, 
electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number 
greater than 100. 
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure: Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond
parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, 
valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of 
hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital 
theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), Hydrogen bond.  
Chemical Thermodynamics: Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat,
energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions. First law of thermodynamics -internal 
energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ?U & ?H, Hess's law of 
constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond of  dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, 
sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Second law of Thermodynamics, 
Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibb's energy change for spontaneous and 
nonspontaneous processes, criteria for equilibrium. Third law of thermodynamics. 
Equilibrium: Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of
mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium - Le Chatelier's principle, ionic 
equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, 
ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), 
buffer solution, Henderson Equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative 
examples).  
Redox Reactions:  Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing
redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number, applications 
of redox reactions.  
Organic Chemistry -Some Basic Principles and Techniques: General introduction, methods of
purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic 
compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, 
resonance and hyper conjugation.  Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, 
carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions. 
Subject specific syllabus includes the concepts of NCERT/CBSE syllabus and Text Books (Classes 
XI & XII), however, the questions will be testing the depth of understanding and application of 
these concepts at the level of Post- Graduation. 
10
Classification of Hydrocarbons 
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: 
Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical 
reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis. Alkenes - 
Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, 
methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides 
(Markovnikov's addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic 
addition. Alkynes - Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of 
preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of - hydrogen, halogens, 
hydrogen halides and water. 
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, 
chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, 
Friedel Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted 
benzene. Carcinogenicity and toxicity. 
Solutions 
Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in 
liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, 
elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular 
masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor. 
Electrochemistry 
Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to 
chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic 
solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, 
Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and 
Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion. 
Chemical Kinetics 
Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, 
temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, 
integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision 
theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation. 
d and f Block Elements 
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, 
general trends in properties of the first-row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, 
oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, 
alloy formation, preparation and properties of K 2Cr 2O 7 and KMnO 4. Lanthanoids – Electronic 
configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences. 
Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids. 
Coordination Compounds 
Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties 
and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's 
theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in 
qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system). 
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Syllabus for the post of PGT  -Chemistry 
Basic Concepts of Chemistry: General Introduction: Importance and scope of Chemistry. Nature of
matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and 
molecules. Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, 
empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on 
stoichiometry. 
Structure of Atom: Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars.
Thomson's model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations, Bohr's model and its 
limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie's relationship, 
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d 
orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and 
Hund's rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals. 
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties: Significance of classification, brief history
of the development of periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, 
periodic trends in properties of elements -atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization enthalpy, 
electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number 
greater than 100. 
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure: Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond
parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, 
valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of 
hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital 
theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), Hydrogen bond.  
Chemical Thermodynamics: Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat,
energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions. First law of thermodynamics -internal 
energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ?U & ?H, Hess's law of 
constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond of  dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, 
sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Second law of Thermodynamics, 
Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibb's energy change for spontaneous and 
nonspontaneous processes, criteria for equilibrium. Third law of thermodynamics. 
Equilibrium: Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of
mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium - Le Chatelier's principle, ionic 
equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, 
ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), 
buffer solution, Henderson Equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative 
examples).  
Redox Reactions:  Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing
redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number, applications 
of redox reactions.  
Organic Chemistry -Some Basic Principles and Techniques: General introduction, methods of
purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic 
compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, 
resonance and hyper conjugation.  Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, 
carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions. 
Subject specific syllabus includes the concepts of NCERT/CBSE syllabus and Text Books (Classes 
XI & XII), however, the questions will be testing the depth of understanding and application of 
these concepts at the level of Post- Graduation. 
10
Classification of Hydrocarbons 
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: 
Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical 
reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis. Alkenes - 
Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, 
methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides 
(Markovnikov's addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic 
addition. Alkynes - Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of 
preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of - hydrogen, halogens, 
hydrogen halides and water. 
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, 
chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, 
Friedel Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted 
benzene. Carcinogenicity and toxicity. 
Solutions 
Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in 
liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, 
elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular 
masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor. 
Electrochemistry 
Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to 
chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic 
solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, 
Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and 
Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion. 
Chemical Kinetics 
Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, 
temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, 
integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision 
theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation. 
d and f Block Elements 
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, 
general trends in properties of the first-row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, 
oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, 
alloy formation, preparation and properties of K 2Cr 2O 7 and KMnO 4. Lanthanoids – Electronic 
configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences. 
Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids. 
Coordination Compounds 
Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties 
and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's 
theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in 
qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system). 
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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes. 
Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation 
mechanism of substitution reactions. Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions 
(Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects 
of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT. 
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 
Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary 
alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, 
uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol. Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, 
physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of 
phenols. Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses. 
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 
Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical 
and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in 
aldehydes, uses. Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical 
and chemical properties; uses. 
Amines 
Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical 
properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Diazonium salts: 
Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry. 
Biomolecules 
Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L 
configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, 
glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates. Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, 
polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary 
structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary idea 
excluding structure. Vitamins - Classification and functions. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA. 
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