Syllabus for PGT - Bio Technology | AWES PGT Mock Test Series 2024 - AWES TGT/PGT PDF Download

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 Syllabus for the post of PGT  -Biotechnology  
Introduction to B io-technology: Historical perspectives, scope and importance, commercial 
potential , interdisciplinary c hallenge, a quantative approach-s cale up – stages in 
commercialization of product and process, the fermenter , aseptic operation. Manufacturing quality 
control, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, product safety, bio safety 
principles-environment and health risk , assessment, bio safety regulatory guidelines and 
controlling agency, environmental law  for hazardous drugs , microbes and GMO’S ,  
Biotechnology related issues of Public concern, Bioethics. Marketing, Biotechnology in India 
and global trends.
Fundamentals of Biochemical engineering-Concept of pH , buffer , physical variables , 
dimensions and units , measurement conventions , physical and chemical properties, data , 
stoichiometry , errors in data and calculation, absolute and relative un certainty and types of error 
statistical analysis presentation of experimental data , data analysis , trends , testing mathematical 
models, goodness to fit , use of graph paper with logarithmic coordination and plotting of data 
process flow diagrams, material balance, fluid flow and mixing , mass transfer , heat transfer, 
unit operations, homogenous reactions , microbial growth , substrates utilization and product 
formation kinetics, reactor engineering – rheology of fermentation fluids , scale up concepts, design 
of fermenting media, aseptic transfer, various microbial and enzyme reactors, instrumentation in 
bio reactors. 
Biotechnology and Society-Public perception of Biotechnology intellectual property, patents, 
reading a patent, International scenario, National scenario, Varietals protection, ethical issues in 
agriculture and health care. 
Biochemistry: Biomolecules- Structure and Dynamics; Thermodynamics: concept of free energy,  
entropyBuilding blocks of carbohydrates – sugars and their derivatives , chemical properties of 
sugar , polysaccharides – glycogen , cellulose, chitin etc.Building blocks of proteins – Amino 
acids, Chemical properties of amino acids, regulation of amino acid metabolism and inborn errors of 
metabolism determination of sequencing of amnino acids , fragmentation of polypeptide chain , 3D 
structure of proteins, secondary , tertiary and quarternary structure of proteins, vitamins and 
enzymes. Lipids –simple fatty acids , Sphingosine, Glycerol and cholesterol and their chemical 
properties , lipid metabolism and its regulation. Nucleic acids- Nucleo tides, ch emical properties , 
optical activities and stereo chemistry of bio molecules, polarimetry , conformations and 
configuration, RNA, DNA, 3D model of DNA , chromosome structure , circular and 
super coiled D NA. Biochemical transformations-carbohydrates metabolism-glycolytic path way, 
krebs cycle, homo fermentative path way. KH , PPP, photosynthesis- light reaction Kelvin cycle, 
nitrogen fixtation , nitrogen cycle, nitrogenase , gluconeogenesis, electron transport and oxidative 
phosphorylation , precursor-product relationship, supramolecular assembly,  biomolecular 
database, biomembranes, structure and function of liposomes and their applications 
Techniques, Instrumentation and principles 
Techniques based on molecular weight or size- Centrifugation and ultra centrifugation, gel 
permeation , osmotic potential.Techniques based on polarity- Ion exchange chromatography, 
elctrophoresis, isoelectric focusing , hydro phobic interaction , partition 
chromatography.Techniques based on spectroscopy- Colorimetry, UV visible , s pectro 
photometry, fluorescence , spectroscopy , x-r ay crystallography , mass spectrometry , radio isotopes 
techniques; Techniques based on solubility – Salt perceipitation , precipitation with organic solvent. 
Cellular techniques- Microscopy-LM,TEM,SEM cell sorting , cell fractionation , cell growth 
determination , electronic particle counter, culture based counting methods Genetical 
techniques- Chromosomal techniques- Staining , bending, pattern, Karyotyping, chromosomal 
painting. Mutagenic techniques- Bacterial and seed mutagenesis , recombination in 
bacteria, conjugation, transduction, breeding methods in plants, pedigree analysis, DNA isolation. 
Cell Biology: Cell structure and components- Cell membrane – composition, Structure, 
membrane , associated receptors, artificial membrane, membrane proteins, principals of 
membrane organization, cell junction, membrane lipids. Cell organellels – Golgi bodies, 
Endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, per oxisomes, ribosomes, internatilsation of macro molecules , 
endo and exocytosis , mitochondrial structure and oxidative phosphorylation. Cytoskeleton- Micro 
tubules , micro filaments, lattice and cytosol ;Nucleus –nuclear envelope , nucleolus , 
chromosome tissue and organs , evolution and population , speciation , biodiversity , 
adaptation, natural selection, organization of life, size and complexity , interaction with 
environment .Cell growth and development - Cell division, cell cycles, cell communication and 
signal transduction , movement, nutrition, gaseous exchange , internal transport, maintaining 
the internal environment, reproduction, animal and plant development, immune 
Subject specific syllabus includes the concepts of NCERT/CBSE syllabus and Text Books 
(Classes XI & XII), however, the questions will be testing the depth of understanding and 
application of these concepts at the level of Post- Graduation. 
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 Syllabus for the post of PGT  -Biotechnology  
Introduction to B io-technology: Historical perspectives, scope and importance, commercial 
potential , interdisciplinary c hallenge, a quantative approach-s cale up – stages in 
commercialization of product and process, the fermenter , aseptic operation. Manufacturing quality 
control, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, product safety, bio safety 
principles-environment and health risk , assessment, bio safety regulatory guidelines and 
controlling agency, environmental law  for hazardous drugs , microbes and GMO’S ,  
Biotechnology related issues of Public concern, Bioethics. Marketing, Biotechnology in India 
and global trends.
Fundamentals of Biochemical engineering-Concept of pH , buffer , physical variables , 
dimensions and units , measurement conventions , physical and chemical properties, data , 
stoichiometry , errors in data and calculation, absolute and relative un certainty and types of error 
statistical analysis presentation of experimental data , data analysis , trends , testing mathematical 
models, goodness to fit , use of graph paper with logarithmic coordination and plotting of data 
process flow diagrams, material balance, fluid flow and mixing , mass transfer , heat transfer, 
unit operations, homogenous reactions , microbial growth , substrates utilization and product 
formation kinetics, reactor engineering – rheology of fermentation fluids , scale up concepts, design 
of fermenting media, aseptic transfer, various microbial and enzyme reactors, instrumentation in 
bio reactors. 
Biotechnology and Society-Public perception of Biotechnology intellectual property, patents, 
reading a patent, International scenario, National scenario, Varietals protection, ethical issues in 
agriculture and health care. 
Biochemistry: Biomolecules- Structure and Dynamics; Thermodynamics: concept of free energy,  
entropyBuilding blocks of carbohydrates – sugars and their derivatives , chemical properties of 
sugar , polysaccharides – glycogen , cellulose, chitin etc.Building blocks of proteins – Amino 
acids, Chemical properties of amino acids, regulation of amino acid metabolism and inborn errors of 
metabolism determination of sequencing of amnino acids , fragmentation of polypeptide chain , 3D 
structure of proteins, secondary , tertiary and quarternary structure of proteins, vitamins and 
enzymes. Lipids –simple fatty acids , Sphingosine, Glycerol and cholesterol and their chemical 
properties , lipid metabolism and its regulation. Nucleic acids- Nucleo tides, ch emical properties , 
optical activities and stereo chemistry of bio molecules, polarimetry , conformations and 
configuration, RNA, DNA, 3D model of DNA , chromosome structure , circular and 
super coiled D NA. Biochemical transformations-carbohydrates metabolism-glycolytic path way, 
krebs cycle, homo fermentative path way. KH , PPP, photosynthesis- light reaction Kelvin cycle, 
nitrogen fixtation , nitrogen cycle, nitrogenase , gluconeogenesis, electron transport and oxidative 
phosphorylation , precursor-product relationship, supramolecular assembly,  biomolecular 
database, biomembranes, structure and function of liposomes and their applications 
Techniques, Instrumentation and principles 
Techniques based on molecular weight or size- Centrifugation and ultra centrifugation, gel 
permeation , osmotic potential.Techniques based on polarity- Ion exchange chromatography, 
elctrophoresis, isoelectric focusing , hydro phobic interaction , partition 
chromatography.Techniques based on spectroscopy- Colorimetry, UV visible , s pectro 
photometry, fluorescence , spectroscopy , x-r ay crystallography , mass spectrometry , radio isotopes 
techniques; Techniques based on solubility – Salt perceipitation , precipitation with organic solvent. 
Cellular techniques- Microscopy-LM,TEM,SEM cell sorting , cell fractionation , cell growth 
determination , electronic particle counter, culture based counting methods Genetical 
techniques- Chromosomal techniques- Staining , bending, pattern, Karyotyping, chromosomal 
painting. Mutagenic techniques- Bacterial and seed mutagenesis , recombination in 
bacteria, conjugation, transduction, breeding methods in plants, pedigree analysis, DNA isolation. 
Cell Biology: Cell structure and components- Cell membrane – composition, Structure, 
membrane , associated receptors, artificial membrane, membrane proteins, principals of 
membrane organization, cell junction, membrane lipids. Cell organellels – Golgi bodies, 
Endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, per oxisomes, ribosomes, internatilsation of macro molecules , 
endo and exocytosis , mitochondrial structure and oxidative phosphorylation. Cytoskeleton- Micro 
tubules , micro filaments, lattice and cytosol ;Nucleus –nuclear envelope , nucleolus , 
chromosome tissue and organs , evolution and population , speciation , biodiversity , 
adaptation, natural selection, organization of life, size and complexity , interaction with 
environment .Cell growth and development - Cell division, cell cycles, cell communication and 
signal transduction , movement, nutrition, gaseous exchange , internal transport, maintaining 
the internal environment, reproduction, animal and plant development, immune 
Subject specific syllabus includes the concepts of NCERT/CBSE syllabus and Text Books 
(Classes XI & XII), however, the questions will be testing the depth of understanding and 
application of these concepts at the level of Post- Graduation. 
40
response, apoposis, plant -pathogen relation, secondary metabolism, defence strategy in 
microbes and insects. 
Genetics and Molecular Biology 
Principles of Genetics - Mendelian genetics, role of chromosome in inheritance, mult iple 
alleles , linkage and crossing over , genetic recombination, genetic mapping, gene interaction 
, sexed linked inheritance , extra nuclear inheritance, quantitative inheritance, genes at the 
population level, discovery of DNA as genetic material- Griffiths experiment, Hershey and 
Chase experiment, mutagenesis , types of mutations, genome, chromosome and gene 
mutations, molecular mechanism of mutation , DNA repair , genetic disorder, transposons, 
animal and plant breeding.          Genome function- Genome organization, sequencing DNA 
replication, fine structure of gene, from gene to protein, transcription , genetic code , 
translation, regulation of gene expression, genetic basis of development, genetic of cancer, 
immuno genetics, evolutionary genetics.  
Protein and gene manipulation 
Protein Structure and engineering .-3D shape of proteins, non covalent bonds, hydrogen 
bonds, van der waals forces, hydro phobic interaction. Structure function relationships in 
proteins – Chymotrypsin, molecular disease. protein finger printing, 2D gel electrophoresis, 
purification of proteins, characterization of proteins , proteins based products, mass 
spectrometry, blood products and vaccine , therapeutic antibodies and enzymes, hormones 
and growth factor, regulatory factor , analytical application , industrial enzymes , functional 
non catalytic proteins, nutraceutical proteins, designing proteins, proteomics, genes and 
proteins type of proteomics . 
Recombinant DNA Technology -Tools of recombinant DNA technology, restriction  
enzymes, making of recombinant DNA ,  DNA library, introduction of recombinant DNA 
into host cells -plasmid , cosmid, vectors, lambda, bacteriophage , identification of 
recombinants , PCR, DNA probes, hybridization techniques , DNA sequencing , site directed 
mutagenesis, cloning strategies. 
Genomics and Bioinformatics- Structural and functional genomics, genome  
sequencing projects, genetic mapping, gene prediction and counting , genome similarity, 
SNPs and comapartive genomics , functional genomics- micro array techniques , fluorescence 
, in situ hybridization , comparative DNA hybridisation, history of bio informatics, sequences 
and nomenclature , DNA and protein sequences, information sources -major databases, blast 
family search tools, resources for gene level sequences , analysis using bio informatics tools. 
Cell culture technology 
Microbial cell culture and its applications -nutrients , energy sources, sterilization 
procedures, environment for microbial growth, aeration and mixing , equipments for culture - 
bioreactors, Types of microbial culture, measurement and kinetics of microbial growth, scale 
up of microbial process, isolation of microbial products, strain isolation and improvement, 
application of microbial culture technology bioethics. 
Plant Cell culture and applications - Cell and tissue culture techniques- Nutrient media, types 
of cultures, plant regeneration pathways, application of cell and tissue culture, gene transfer 
methods in plants, transgenic   plants with beneficial traits, stress tolerance, herbicide tolerance, 
insect resistance, transgenic plant  as bio reactor, diagnostics in agriculture and molecular 
breeding, morphological and molecular markers , bioethics. 
Animal cell culture and applications - Primary cell culture, secondary cell culture and lines, 
types of cell lines , physical environment , osmolality , media , pH temperature 
cryopreservation, equipments required for animal cell culture, carbon dioxide incubators, 
Characterisation of cell lines- Scale up of anim al culture, applicantions of animal cell culture -
Tissue plasminogen activator, factor VIII , erythropoietin, hybridoma technology, mono colonal 
antibodies, therapeutic antibodies, stem cell technology - morphological approach, in vitro 
clonal assay, long term marrow culture, embryonic stem culture, cell and tissue engineering , 
bioethics in animal  genetic engineering. 
        Immunology           
Immune system , molecules of immune system, immuno globulins , MHCs, cytokines, T cell 
receptor, generation of antibodies and T cell receptor diversity , complement system, humoral 
and cell mediated immunity, immune regulation, vaccines , hybridoma, immuno deficiencies, 
AIDS, transplantation immunity and cancer. 
Applied Biotechnology
Biotechnology industry , Bioinformatics, molecular technology for diagnosis of genetic 
disorders, onco viruses and immunity, lymphocyte, homoestasis, viral induced  modulation of 
host immune response, HLA polymorphism, induction and maturation of B cells, safe limits for 
radiation determined , radiation carcinogenesis. 
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