PPT: d-block Elements

 Page 1


The d-and f-Block Elements
Topics:-
The d -block elements, 
Transition Elements – 
Physical Properties ,Electronic Configurations , Melting Points , Enthalpies of
Atomization
Page 2


The d-and f-Block Elements
Topics:-
The d -block elements, 
Transition Elements – 
Physical Properties ,Electronic Configurations , Melting Points , Enthalpies of
Atomization
The d-block elements
Elements of the groups 3-12
d orbitals are progressively filled
These are placed in four long periods  4,5,6 and 7
Generally, also called as transition elements
There are mainly four series of the transition metals,
Originally the name transition metals was derived from the fact that their chemical properties were
transitional between those of s and p-block elements.
Page 3


The d-and f-Block Elements
Topics:-
The d -block elements, 
Transition Elements – 
Physical Properties ,Electronic Configurations , Melting Points , Enthalpies of
Atomization
The d-block elements
Elements of the groups 3-12
d orbitals are progressively filled
These are placed in four long periods  4,5,6 and 7
Generally, also called as transition elements
There are mainly four series of the transition metals,
Originally the name transition metals was derived from the fact that their chemical properties were
transitional between those of s and p-block elements.
Transition Elements or Transition Metals
According to IUPAC, transition metals are defined as metals which have incomplete d subshell
either in neutral atom or in their ions. 
Zinc, cadmium and mercury of group 12 have full d¹ ° configuration in their ground state as well
as in their common oxidation states and hence, are not regarded as transition metals.
However, being the end members of the 3d, 4d and 5d transition series, respectively, their
chemistry is studied along with the chemistry of the transition metals.
Various precious metals such as silver, gold and platinum and industrially important metals like
iron, copper and titanium belong to the transition metals series.
Page 4


The d-and f-Block Elements
Topics:-
The d -block elements, 
Transition Elements – 
Physical Properties ,Electronic Configurations , Melting Points , Enthalpies of
Atomization
The d-block elements
Elements of the groups 3-12
d orbitals are progressively filled
These are placed in four long periods  4,5,6 and 7
Generally, also called as transition elements
There are mainly four series of the transition metals,
Originally the name transition metals was derived from the fact that their chemical properties were
transitional between those of s and p-block elements.
Transition Elements or Transition Metals
According to IUPAC, transition metals are defined as metals which have incomplete d subshell
either in neutral atom or in their ions. 
Zinc, cadmium and mercury of group 12 have full d¹ ° configuration in their ground state as well
as in their common oxidation states and hence, are not regarded as transition metals.
However, being the end members of the 3d, 4d and 5d transition series, respectively, their
chemistry is studied along with the chemistry of the transition metals.
Various precious metals such as silver, gold and platinum and industrially important metals like
iron, copper and titanium belong to the transition metals series.
Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements
In general the electronic configuration of outer orbitals of these elements is (n-1)d1–10ns1–2.
The (n–1) stands for the inner d orbitals (penultimate shell) and outermost ns orbital
However, there are  several exceptions because of very little energy difference between (n-1)d
and ns orbitals.
Furthermore, half and completely filled sets of orbitals are relatively more stable. 
For example, Cr (Z=24) 3d5 4s¹ configuration instead of 3d44s²; 
Similarly in case of Cu (Z=29), the configuration is 3d¹ °4s¹ and not 3d ?4s².
Page 5


The d-and f-Block Elements
Topics:-
The d -block elements, 
Transition Elements – 
Physical Properties ,Electronic Configurations , Melting Points , Enthalpies of
Atomization
The d-block elements
Elements of the groups 3-12
d orbitals are progressively filled
These are placed in four long periods  4,5,6 and 7
Generally, also called as transition elements
There are mainly four series of the transition metals,
Originally the name transition metals was derived from the fact that their chemical properties were
transitional between those of s and p-block elements.
Transition Elements or Transition Metals
According to IUPAC, transition metals are defined as metals which have incomplete d subshell
either in neutral atom or in their ions. 
Zinc, cadmium and mercury of group 12 have full d¹ ° configuration in their ground state as well
as in their common oxidation states and hence, are not regarded as transition metals.
However, being the end members of the 3d, 4d and 5d transition series, respectively, their
chemistry is studied along with the chemistry of the transition metals.
Various precious metals such as silver, gold and platinum and industrially important metals like
iron, copper and titanium belong to the transition metals series.
Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements
In general the electronic configuration of outer orbitals of these elements is (n-1)d1–10ns1–2.
The (n–1) stands for the inner d orbitals (penultimate shell) and outermost ns orbital
However, there are  several exceptions because of very little energy difference between (n-1)d
and ns orbitals.
Furthermore, half and completely filled sets of orbitals are relatively more stable. 
For example, Cr (Z=24) 3d5 4s¹ configuration instead of 3d44s²; 
Similarly in case of Cu (Z=29), the configuration is 3d¹ °4s¹ and not 3d ?4s².