PPT Coding-Decoding - Logical Reasoning (LR) & Data Interpretation (DI)

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Coding and 
Decoding
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Coding and 
Decoding
What is Coding -Decoding ?
Coding
Process of converting words, 
letters, or numbers into a 
secret code.
Uses logical rules like letter 
shifting, number manipulation, 
or substitution.
Example: CAT ³ ECV (each 
letter shifted +2).
The Challenge: Pattern 
Identification
Core task is to spot the hidden 
rule quickly.
Requires keen observation, 
analytical thinking, and logical 
deduction.
Decoding
The reverse process of 
converting the code back to 
original information.
Requires identifying and 
applying the same hidden rule.
Example: ECV ³ CAT (each 
letter shifted 22).
Page 3


Coding and 
Decoding
What is Coding -Decoding ?
Coding
Process of converting words, 
letters, or numbers into a 
secret code.
Uses logical rules like letter 
shifting, number manipulation, 
or substitution.
Example: CAT ³ ECV (each 
letter shifted +2).
The Challenge: Pattern 
Identification
Core task is to spot the hidden 
rule quickly.
Requires keen observation, 
analytical thinking, and logical 
deduction.
Decoding
The reverse process of 
converting the code back to 
original information.
Requires identifying and 
applying the same hidden rule.
Example: ECV ³ CAT (each 
letter shifted 22).
Types of Coding Decoding Questions
Letter Coding
In this type, the letters of a 
word are substituted with 
other letters according to a 
specific rule. T o solve such 
questions effectively, it helps 
to know the positional values 
of alphabets in both forward 
(A=1, B=2& Z=26) and reverse 
(Z=1, Y=2& A=26) order.
Substitution Coding
Words are replaced with 
different words according to a 
given pattern. Tracking the 
substitution chain carefully is 
key to finding the correct 
solution.
Mixed Letter Coding
Phrases in coded language 
where you identify a specific 
word's code by finding 
common elements across 
multiple coded examples.
Page 4


Coding and 
Decoding
What is Coding -Decoding ?
Coding
Process of converting words, 
letters, or numbers into a 
secret code.
Uses logical rules like letter 
shifting, number manipulation, 
or substitution.
Example: CAT ³ ECV (each 
letter shifted +2).
The Challenge: Pattern 
Identification
Core task is to spot the hidden 
rule quickly.
Requires keen observation, 
analytical thinking, and logical 
deduction.
Decoding
The reverse process of 
converting the code back to 
original information.
Requires identifying and 
applying the same hidden rule.
Example: ECV ³ CAT (each 
letter shifted 22).
Types of Coding Decoding Questions
Letter Coding
In this type, the letters of a 
word are substituted with 
other letters according to a 
specific rule. T o solve such 
questions effectively, it helps 
to know the positional values 
of alphabets in both forward 
(A=1, B=2& Z=26) and reverse 
(Z=1, Y=2& A=26) order.
Substitution Coding
Words are replaced with 
different words according to a 
given pattern. Tracking the 
substitution chain carefully is 
key to finding the correct 
solution.
Mixed Letter Coding
Phrases in coded language 
where you identify a specific 
word's code by finding 
common elements across 
multiple coded examples.
Letter Coding: Solving Techniques
Backward Direction Values
Understanding the positional 
values of alphabets in reverse 
order (Z=1, Y=2, etc.) is crucial for 
many letter coding questions.
Pattern Recognition
Analyze the pattern by comparing 
corresponding letters in the 
original word and its code. Look for 
consistent shifts in alphabet 
positions, such as +2/-2 alternating 
pattern shown in the PARKING ³ 
RYTIKLI example.
Sample Solution
In the example where "PARKING" 
becomes "RYTIKLI" through 
alternating +2/-2 shifts, we can 
apply the same pattern to decode 
"FLOWERS" as "HJQUHPQ" by 
systematically applying the 
alternating shifts to each letter.
Page 5


Coding and 
Decoding
What is Coding -Decoding ?
Coding
Process of converting words, 
letters, or numbers into a 
secret code.
Uses logical rules like letter 
shifting, number manipulation, 
or substitution.
Example: CAT ³ ECV (each 
letter shifted +2).
The Challenge: Pattern 
Identification
Core task is to spot the hidden 
rule quickly.
Requires keen observation, 
analytical thinking, and logical 
deduction.
Decoding
The reverse process of 
converting the code back to 
original information.
Requires identifying and 
applying the same hidden rule.
Example: ECV ³ CAT (each 
letter shifted 22).
Types of Coding Decoding Questions
Letter Coding
In this type, the letters of a 
word are substituted with 
other letters according to a 
specific rule. T o solve such 
questions effectively, it helps 
to know the positional values 
of alphabets in both forward 
(A=1, B=2& Z=26) and reverse 
(Z=1, Y=2& A=26) order.
Substitution Coding
Words are replaced with 
different words according to a 
given pattern. Tracking the 
substitution chain carefully is 
key to finding the correct 
solution.
Mixed Letter Coding
Phrases in coded language 
where you identify a specific 
word's code by finding 
common elements across 
multiple coded examples.
Letter Coding: Solving Techniques
Backward Direction Values
Understanding the positional 
values of alphabets in reverse 
order (Z=1, Y=2, etc.) is crucial for 
many letter coding questions.
Pattern Recognition
Analyze the pattern by comparing 
corresponding letters in the 
original word and its code. Look for 
consistent shifts in alphabet 
positions, such as +2/-2 alternating 
pattern shown in the PARKING ³ 
RYTIKLI example.
Sample Solution
In the example where "PARKING" 
becomes "RYTIKLI" through 
alternating +2/-2 shifts, we can 
apply the same pattern to decode 
"FLOWERS" as "HJQUHPQ" by 
systematically applying the 
alternating shifts to each letter.
Substitution Coding
1
Original Word
Start with the word you need to decode. In the example, we need to find the national bird, which we know is the 
peacock.
2
Substitution Chain
Trace through the substitution sequence carefully. In the example, we see that 'Parrot' is known as 'Peacock' , 
'Peacock' is known as 'Swallow' , and so on.
3
Final Decode
Identify the correct substitution. Since 'Peacock' is coded as 'Swallow' in the example, the national bird would 
be referred to as 'Swallow' in the coded language.