PPT Nature & Structure of Sciences - Science & Pedagogy Paper 2 for CTET & TET Exams

 Page 1


Nature and 
Structure of Science
Page 2


Nature and 
Structure of Science
What is Science?
Etymology
Systematic knowledge 
acquired through observation 
and experimentation.
Modern Definition
An ongoing process of 
empirical observation and 
theory development.
According to Einstein
"Science searches for relations which exist independently of the 
searching individual."
Science is a systematic process that uses evidence and rigorous 
methods to acquire knowledge, uncover truths and dispel myths.
Page 3


Nature and 
Structure of Science
What is Science?
Etymology
Systematic knowledge 
acquired through observation 
and experimentation.
Modern Definition
An ongoing process of 
empirical observation and 
theory development.
According to Einstein
"Science searches for relations which exist independently of the 
searching individual."
Science is a systematic process that uses evidence and rigorous 
methods to acquire knowledge, uncover truths and dispel myths.
Characteristics of 
Science
Logic & Imagination
Science combines logical 
analysis with creative 
thinking. Hypotheses arise 
from imagination before 
being tested through rigorous 
scientific methods.
Dynamic Nature
Science constantly evolves 
as it seeks new information 
and refines existing 
knowledge through ongoing 
investigation and discovery.
Durable Knowledge
Scientific knowledge endures 
because it builds 
incrementally, with new 
discoveries enhancing and 
extending previous findings.
Ethical Enterprise
As a social enterprise, 
science requires ethical 
standards to ensure 
responsible application of 
knowledge for human 
benefit.
Page 4


Nature and 
Structure of Science
What is Science?
Etymology
Systematic knowledge 
acquired through observation 
and experimentation.
Modern Definition
An ongoing process of 
empirical observation and 
theory development.
According to Einstein
"Science searches for relations which exist independently of the 
searching individual."
Science is a systematic process that uses evidence and rigorous 
methods to acquire knowledge, uncover truths and dispel myths.
Characteristics of 
Science
Logic & Imagination
Science combines logical 
analysis with creative 
thinking. Hypotheses arise 
from imagination before 
being tested through rigorous 
scientific methods.
Dynamic Nature
Science constantly evolves 
as it seeks new information 
and refines existing 
knowledge through ongoing 
investigation and discovery.
Durable Knowledge
Scientific knowledge endures 
because it builds 
incrementally, with new 
discoveries enhancing and 
extending previous findings.
Ethical Enterprise
As a social enterprise, 
science requires ethical 
standards to ensure 
responsible application of 
knowledge for human 
benefit.
Components and Branches of Science
Key Components
Facts - observable phenomena
Hypothesis - testable predictions
Data - measured observations
Natural Laws - verified patterns
Theory - established explanations
Major Branches
Natural Science - studies physical world
Social Science - examines human societies
Physical Science - focuses on non-living systems
Life Science - explores living organisms
Emerging fields include alternative energy, water management, superconductivity, plasma physics, fiber optics and 
laser technology
Page 5


Nature and 
Structure of Science
What is Science?
Etymology
Systematic knowledge 
acquired through observation 
and experimentation.
Modern Definition
An ongoing process of 
empirical observation and 
theory development.
According to Einstein
"Science searches for relations which exist independently of the 
searching individual."
Science is a systematic process that uses evidence and rigorous 
methods to acquire knowledge, uncover truths and dispel myths.
Characteristics of 
Science
Logic & Imagination
Science combines logical 
analysis with creative 
thinking. Hypotheses arise 
from imagination before 
being tested through rigorous 
scientific methods.
Dynamic Nature
Science constantly evolves 
as it seeks new information 
and refines existing 
knowledge through ongoing 
investigation and discovery.
Durable Knowledge
Scientific knowledge endures 
because it builds 
incrementally, with new 
discoveries enhancing and 
extending previous findings.
Ethical Enterprise
As a social enterprise, 
science requires ethical 
standards to ensure 
responsible application of 
knowledge for human 
benefit.
Components and Branches of Science
Key Components
Facts - observable phenomena
Hypothesis - testable predictions
Data - measured observations
Natural Laws - verified patterns
Theory - established explanations
Major Branches
Natural Science - studies physical world
Social Science - examines human societies
Physical Science - focuses on non-living systems
Life Science - explores living organisms
Emerging fields include alternative energy, water management, superconductivity, plasma physics, fiber optics and 
laser technology
Science Education Framework
1
True to Children
Content must be accessible 
and engaging, matching 
children's cognitive 
development and interests.
2
True to Life
Education should connect to 
students' environment, 
prepare for careers, and 
address sustainability.
3
True to Science
Content should reflect key 
scientific principles while 
engaging students in 
authentic scientific 
processes.
The National Curriculum Framework (2005) emphasizes balancing these three validities for effective science 
education that builds scientific thinking while remaining accessible and relevant.