Selina Textbook Solutions: Nutrition

 Page 1


Chapter 10. Nutrition
Exercise 1
Solution A.
1. (c) Fructose and glucose
2. (d) Potassium – Banana
3. (b) and (c). (Note: Marasmus is mainly caused due to the deficiency of proteins, 
but as per the options provided, the right answer would be both carbohydrates and 
fats.)
4. (a) A, D and E
5. (c) Carrot
6. (a) C
Solution B.1.
(a) T (True) 
(b) F (False). Kwashiorkor is a severe protein deficiency disease. 
(c) F (False). Iodine is required for the proper working of thyroid. 
(d) F (False). Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system of the body, when 
it detects harmful substances called antigens. 
(e) T (True)
Solution B.2.
(i) Fluorine 
(ii) Iodine 
(iii) Iron
Solution C.1.
CARBOHYDRATES EXAMPLES USES
(i) Monosaccharides
1.Glucose
Provides an instant 
source of energy
2.Fructose
Needed for 
maintaining a 
healthy body
(ii) Disaccharides
1.Sucrose
Needed for good 
health
2.Maltose
Further broken 
down to produce 
glucose molecule 
which provides 
energy to the body
(iii) Polysaccharides 1.Cellulose Acts as roughage 
Page 2


Chapter 10. Nutrition
Exercise 1
Solution A.
1. (c) Fructose and glucose
2. (d) Potassium – Banana
3. (b) and (c). (Note: Marasmus is mainly caused due to the deficiency of proteins, 
but as per the options provided, the right answer would be both carbohydrates and 
fats.)
4. (a) A, D and E
5. (c) Carrot
6. (a) C
Solution B.1.
(a) T (True) 
(b) F (False). Kwashiorkor is a severe protein deficiency disease. 
(c) F (False). Iodine is required for the proper working of thyroid. 
(d) F (False). Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system of the body, when 
it detects harmful substances called antigens. 
(e) T (True)
Solution B.2.
(i) Fluorine 
(ii) Iodine 
(iii) Iron
Solution C.1.
CARBOHYDRATES EXAMPLES USES
(i) Monosaccharides
1.Glucose
Provides an instant 
source of energy
2.Fructose
Needed for 
maintaining a 
healthy body
(ii) Disaccharides
1.Sucrose
Needed for good 
health
2.Maltose
Further broken 
down to produce 
glucose molecule 
which provides 
energy to the body
(iii) Polysaccharides 1.Cellulose Acts as roughage 
which prevents 
constipation
2. Glycogen
Reserve 
carbohydrate in 
humans and stored 
in liver and muscles
Solution C.2.
Balanced diet is defined as the one which contains all the principal constituents of food in 
proper quantity. 
Balanced diet is the one that provides at least 50% of energy from carbohydrate, 35% 
from fat, and 15% from protein. The precise optimal quantities of each nutrient will vary 
with age, sex and activity.
Solution C.3.
Bones are generally made of calcium and iron. Milk and milk products are rich in calcium 
and Vitamin A. That is why, a doctor advises a bone patient to include more of milk and 
milk products in his everyday food to make his bones and teeth strong. Milk also prevents 
oxidation of Vitamin A. Calcium present in milk even helps in clotting of blood. Milk, is 
therefore a wholesome food.
Solution D.1.
Need for food by the body:
1. Growth: Food is necessary for building new protoplasm or cells. This helps in the 
growth of an organism.
2. Repair: Food provides materials for the repair of worn out or damaged cells and 
tissues.
3. Energy: We obtain energy from food. This energy is required for carrying out 
various life functions.
4. Maintenance: Nutrients obtained through food help to maintain the chemical 
composition of cells.
5. Provision of raw materials: Raw materials required for the synthesis of products 
such as enzymes, hormones, sweat, milk, etc. are obtained through food.
6. Protection: Food provides protection from diseases and infection.
Solution D.2.
Proteins are the body building foods. They provide the chemical material for the growth 
and repair of body cells and tissues. At the time of emergency, proteins can also be 
oxidized in the body to release energy. 
Protein deficiency disease of young children: Kwashiorkor
Solution D.3.
Whole grain atta, fruits and green leafy vegetables are the chief sources of roughage.
Page 3


Chapter 10. Nutrition
Exercise 1
Solution A.
1. (c) Fructose and glucose
2. (d) Potassium – Banana
3. (b) and (c). (Note: Marasmus is mainly caused due to the deficiency of proteins, 
but as per the options provided, the right answer would be both carbohydrates and 
fats.)
4. (a) A, D and E
5. (c) Carrot
6. (a) C
Solution B.1.
(a) T (True) 
(b) F (False). Kwashiorkor is a severe protein deficiency disease. 
(c) F (False). Iodine is required for the proper working of thyroid. 
(d) F (False). Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system of the body, when 
it detects harmful substances called antigens. 
(e) T (True)
Solution B.2.
(i) Fluorine 
(ii) Iodine 
(iii) Iron
Solution C.1.
CARBOHYDRATES EXAMPLES USES
(i) Monosaccharides
1.Glucose
Provides an instant 
source of energy
2.Fructose
Needed for 
maintaining a 
healthy body
(ii) Disaccharides
1.Sucrose
Needed for good 
health
2.Maltose
Further broken 
down to produce 
glucose molecule 
which provides 
energy to the body
(iii) Polysaccharides 1.Cellulose Acts as roughage 
which prevents 
constipation
2. Glycogen
Reserve 
carbohydrate in 
humans and stored 
in liver and muscles
Solution C.2.
Balanced diet is defined as the one which contains all the principal constituents of food in 
proper quantity. 
Balanced diet is the one that provides at least 50% of energy from carbohydrate, 35% 
from fat, and 15% from protein. The precise optimal quantities of each nutrient will vary 
with age, sex and activity.
Solution C.3.
Bones are generally made of calcium and iron. Milk and milk products are rich in calcium 
and Vitamin A. That is why, a doctor advises a bone patient to include more of milk and 
milk products in his everyday food to make his bones and teeth strong. Milk also prevents 
oxidation of Vitamin A. Calcium present in milk even helps in clotting of blood. Milk, is 
therefore a wholesome food.
Solution D.1.
Need for food by the body:
1. Growth: Food is necessary for building new protoplasm or cells. This helps in the 
growth of an organism.
2. Repair: Food provides materials for the repair of worn out or damaged cells and 
tissues.
3. Energy: We obtain energy from food. This energy is required for carrying out 
various life functions.
4. Maintenance: Nutrients obtained through food help to maintain the chemical 
composition of cells.
5. Provision of raw materials: Raw materials required for the synthesis of products 
such as enzymes, hormones, sweat, milk, etc. are obtained through food.
6. Protection: Food provides protection from diseases and infection.
Solution D.2.
Proteins are the body building foods. They provide the chemical material for the growth 
and repair of body cells and tissues. At the time of emergency, proteins can also be 
oxidized in the body to release energy. 
Protein deficiency disease of young children: Kwashiorkor
Solution D.3.
Whole grain atta, fruits and green leafy vegetables are the chief sources of roughage.
1. Roughage does not provide any nutrients to our body. It still has nutritive value and 
is essential for the proper functioning of the gut.
2. It absorbs a lot of water and retains it. In this way, it keeps faecal matter soft 
preventing constipation.
3. It combines with intestinal waste and makes it bulky.
4. It helps in the formation of stools and helps our body to expel the undigested waste 
food.
5. Roughage expands the intestinal lumen and helps in slow and smooth movement of 
food through the gastrointestinal tract. This movement is required for proper and 
complete digestion of food and for the elimination of intestinal waste.
6. Roughage stimulates secretion from the digestive tract and also helps in removal of 
cholesterol, fatty secretory substances and toxins from the body.
Solution E.1.
VITAMIN RICH SOURCE
DEFICIENCY 
DISEASE
(i) Thiamine Whole grain Beri-beri
Niacin Milk (ii) Pellagra
(iii) Ascorbic acid (iv) Citrus fruit Scurvy
Calciferol (v) Fish liver oil (vi) Rickets
(vii) Retinol Carrot, yellow fruit
(viii) Night 
blindness
Solution E.2.
Mineral Function Rich Source
Iodine
Promotes the 
secretion of 
thyroxine by the 
thyroid gland
Iodised salt, sea 
foods
Iron
Formation 
of haemoglobin
Whole cereals, 
fish
Calcium
Allows muscle 
contraction and 
clotting of blood
Dairy foods, 
beans
Potassium
Controls nerve 
and muscle 
activity, fluid 
balance, 
secretion of 
neurotransmitter
Banana, potato