Selina Textbook Solutions Europe Climate, Natural Vegetation, Wildlife;

 Page 1


Europe: Climate, Natural Vegetation, Wildlife; Forest, 
Minerals & Power Resources 
THINK AND ANSWER 
Why is London at 51°N not so cold in winter as New York at 41°N ? 
Answer: 
Ans. In the winter, London is wanned by prevailing winds from the south west, warmed 
by warm water from the Caribbean by the gulf stream, whilst new york has a more 
continental winter. 
Discuss 
Discuss the importance of ocean currents and winds for the climate of Europe. 
Answer: 
Ocean currents : The warm North Atlantic Drift helps to keep parts of western Europe 
warm. The ports here are open for trade even in winter. 
Winds : The South-Westerlies that blow across the North Atlantic Ocean towards 
Europe are warmed as they pass over the North Atlantic Drift. These warm winds from 
sea to land pick up moisture and cause rainfall, which decreases eastwards. They also 
help to raise the winter temperatures of coastal and central European countries. 
VALUES AND LIFE SKILLS 
Several factors affect the climate of a place. Similarly, several factors affect the 
personality and nature of human beings. 
Can you name a few factors that affect the nature and personality of people ? 
Do you think people can remain unaffected by their surroundings ? 
Answer: 
(a) The factors that affect the nature and personality of people are: 
1. Environment 
2. Heredity 
3. Culture 
4. Particular experiences 
(b) No, people remain affected by their surroundings. 
People change their personality and nature according to their surroundings. 
 
 
Page 2


Europe: Climate, Natural Vegetation, Wildlife; Forest, 
Minerals & Power Resources 
THINK AND ANSWER 
Why is London at 51°N not so cold in winter as New York at 41°N ? 
Answer: 
Ans. In the winter, London is wanned by prevailing winds from the south west, warmed 
by warm water from the Caribbean by the gulf stream, whilst new york has a more 
continental winter. 
Discuss 
Discuss the importance of ocean currents and winds for the climate of Europe. 
Answer: 
Ocean currents : The warm North Atlantic Drift helps to keep parts of western Europe 
warm. The ports here are open for trade even in winter. 
Winds : The South-Westerlies that blow across the North Atlantic Ocean towards 
Europe are warmed as they pass over the North Atlantic Drift. These warm winds from 
sea to land pick up moisture and cause rainfall, which decreases eastwards. They also 
help to raise the winter temperatures of coastal and central European countries. 
VALUES AND LIFE SKILLS 
Several factors affect the climate of a place. Similarly, several factors affect the 
personality and nature of human beings. 
Can you name a few factors that affect the nature and personality of people ? 
Do you think people can remain unaffected by their surroundings ? 
Answer: 
(a) The factors that affect the nature and personality of people are: 
1. Environment 
2. Heredity 
3. Culture 
4. Particular experiences 
(b) No, people remain affected by their surroundings. 
People change their personality and nature according to their surroundings. 
 
 
EXERCISES 
A. Write true or false. Correct the false statements. 
1. Eastern Europe receives rainfall throughout the year. 
Answer. False. 
Western Europe receives rainfall throughout the year. 
2. Softwood trees such as pine, fir, and spruce are found in the taiga belt. 
Answer. True. 
3. Mixed forests consist of grass, moss, softwood trees, hardwood trees, and thorny 
vegetation. 
Answer. False. 
4. Only mosses, lichens, and small colourful flowers grow in the steppes of Eurasia. 
Answer. False. 
Only mosses, lichens, and small colourful flowers grow Tundra Vegetation. 
5. Wild cats and large fur-bearing animals are not found anywhere in Europe. 
Answer. False. 
Wild cats and large fur-bearing animals are found in Tundra region. 
B. A list of names of wildlife and vegetation species has been provided. Write them in 
the appropriate columns 
given below. 
pine, oak, lynx, lichen, myrtle, olive, squirrel, seal, moss, spruce, beech, laurel, penguin, 
short grass 
 
 
Page 3


Europe: Climate, Natural Vegetation, Wildlife; Forest, 
Minerals & Power Resources 
THINK AND ANSWER 
Why is London at 51°N not so cold in winter as New York at 41°N ? 
Answer: 
Ans. In the winter, London is wanned by prevailing winds from the south west, warmed 
by warm water from the Caribbean by the gulf stream, whilst new york has a more 
continental winter. 
Discuss 
Discuss the importance of ocean currents and winds for the climate of Europe. 
Answer: 
Ocean currents : The warm North Atlantic Drift helps to keep parts of western Europe 
warm. The ports here are open for trade even in winter. 
Winds : The South-Westerlies that blow across the North Atlantic Ocean towards 
Europe are warmed as they pass over the North Atlantic Drift. These warm winds from 
sea to land pick up moisture and cause rainfall, which decreases eastwards. They also 
help to raise the winter temperatures of coastal and central European countries. 
VALUES AND LIFE SKILLS 
Several factors affect the climate of a place. Similarly, several factors affect the 
personality and nature of human beings. 
Can you name a few factors that affect the nature and personality of people ? 
Do you think people can remain unaffected by their surroundings ? 
Answer: 
(a) The factors that affect the nature and personality of people are: 
1. Environment 
2. Heredity 
3. Culture 
4. Particular experiences 
(b) No, people remain affected by their surroundings. 
People change their personality and nature according to their surroundings. 
 
 
EXERCISES 
A. Write true or false. Correct the false statements. 
1. Eastern Europe receives rainfall throughout the year. 
Answer. False. 
Western Europe receives rainfall throughout the year. 
2. Softwood trees such as pine, fir, and spruce are found in the taiga belt. 
Answer. True. 
3. Mixed forests consist of grass, moss, softwood trees, hardwood trees, and thorny 
vegetation. 
Answer. False. 
4. Only mosses, lichens, and small colourful flowers grow in the steppes of Eurasia. 
Answer. False. 
Only mosses, lichens, and small colourful flowers grow Tundra Vegetation. 
5. Wild cats and large fur-bearing animals are not found anywhere in Europe. 
Answer. False. 
Wild cats and large fur-bearing animals are found in Tundra region. 
B. A list of names of wildlife and vegetation species has been provided. Write them in 
the appropriate columns 
given below. 
pine, oak, lynx, lichen, myrtle, olive, squirrel, seal, moss, spruce, beech, laurel, penguin, 
short grass 
 
 
Answer: 
 
C. Choose the correct answer. 
1. An ocean current that keeps the coasts of northern Europe frost-free in winter: 
1. Labrador Current 
2. Canary Current 
3. North Atlantic Drift 
4. North Pacific Drift 
2. A major part of Europe has moderate climate because it is located in : 
1. the torrid zone 
2. the temperate zone 
3. the frigid zone 
4. none of these 
3. Onshore winds that bring rainfall in winter to the countries around the Mediterranean 
Sea : 
1. the North-Westerlies 
Page 4


Europe: Climate, Natural Vegetation, Wildlife; Forest, 
Minerals & Power Resources 
THINK AND ANSWER 
Why is London at 51°N not so cold in winter as New York at 41°N ? 
Answer: 
Ans. In the winter, London is wanned by prevailing winds from the south west, warmed 
by warm water from the Caribbean by the gulf stream, whilst new york has a more 
continental winter. 
Discuss 
Discuss the importance of ocean currents and winds for the climate of Europe. 
Answer: 
Ocean currents : The warm North Atlantic Drift helps to keep parts of western Europe 
warm. The ports here are open for trade even in winter. 
Winds : The South-Westerlies that blow across the North Atlantic Ocean towards 
Europe are warmed as they pass over the North Atlantic Drift. These warm winds from 
sea to land pick up moisture and cause rainfall, which decreases eastwards. They also 
help to raise the winter temperatures of coastal and central European countries. 
VALUES AND LIFE SKILLS 
Several factors affect the climate of a place. Similarly, several factors affect the 
personality and nature of human beings. 
Can you name a few factors that affect the nature and personality of people ? 
Do you think people can remain unaffected by their surroundings ? 
Answer: 
(a) The factors that affect the nature and personality of people are: 
1. Environment 
2. Heredity 
3. Culture 
4. Particular experiences 
(b) No, people remain affected by their surroundings. 
People change their personality and nature according to their surroundings. 
 
 
EXERCISES 
A. Write true or false. Correct the false statements. 
1. Eastern Europe receives rainfall throughout the year. 
Answer. False. 
Western Europe receives rainfall throughout the year. 
2. Softwood trees such as pine, fir, and spruce are found in the taiga belt. 
Answer. True. 
3. Mixed forests consist of grass, moss, softwood trees, hardwood trees, and thorny 
vegetation. 
Answer. False. 
4. Only mosses, lichens, and small colourful flowers grow in the steppes of Eurasia. 
Answer. False. 
Only mosses, lichens, and small colourful flowers grow Tundra Vegetation. 
5. Wild cats and large fur-bearing animals are not found anywhere in Europe. 
Answer. False. 
Wild cats and large fur-bearing animals are found in Tundra region. 
B. A list of names of wildlife and vegetation species has been provided. Write them in 
the appropriate columns 
given below. 
pine, oak, lynx, lichen, myrtle, olive, squirrel, seal, moss, spruce, beech, laurel, penguin, 
short grass 
 
 
Answer: 
 
C. Choose the correct answer. 
1. An ocean current that keeps the coasts of northern Europe frost-free in winter: 
1. Labrador Current 
2. Canary Current 
3. North Atlantic Drift 
4. North Pacific Drift 
2. A major part of Europe has moderate climate because it is located in : 
1. the torrid zone 
2. the temperate zone 
3. the frigid zone 
4. none of these 
3. Onshore winds that bring rainfall in winter to the countries around the Mediterranean 
Sea : 
1. the North-Westerlies 
2. the South-Westerlies 
3. the North Polar Easterlies 
4. the North-East Trade Winds 
4. A region of extensive evergreen trees, with needle-like leaves and home to small fur-
bearing animals : 
1. tundra 
2. Steppes 
3. Taiga 
4. Desert 
5. A region well-known for olives, oleander, and orange trees: 
1. western Europe 
2. northern Europe 
3. eastern Europe 
4. southern Europe 
D. Answer the following questions in brief. 
Question 1. 
How does the climate of Europe change from : 
(a) east to west 
(b) north to south 
Answer: 
(a) east to west — Winters and summers are more severe in the east than in the west. 
The annual rainfall is highest in the west and decreases steadily eastwards. 
(b) north to south — North European countries experience longer, colder winters and 
shorter, cooler summers than south European countries. 
Question 2. 
List the factors that affect the climate of Europe. 
Answer: 
Factors Affecting the Climate of Europe : 
Latitude — Most of Europe lies within the temperate latitudes, which are neither too hot 
nor too cold. Only a small part of the continent lies north of the Arctic Circle in the frigid 
zone. 
Nearness to Water Bodies — Except for eastern Europe, all other parts of Europe are 
close to the sea. There are oceans, seas, bays, gulfs, straits, and even lakes which 
have a moderating effect on the climate. 
Page 5


Europe: Climate, Natural Vegetation, Wildlife; Forest, 
Minerals & Power Resources 
THINK AND ANSWER 
Why is London at 51°N not so cold in winter as New York at 41°N ? 
Answer: 
Ans. In the winter, London is wanned by prevailing winds from the south west, warmed 
by warm water from the Caribbean by the gulf stream, whilst new york has a more 
continental winter. 
Discuss 
Discuss the importance of ocean currents and winds for the climate of Europe. 
Answer: 
Ocean currents : The warm North Atlantic Drift helps to keep parts of western Europe 
warm. The ports here are open for trade even in winter. 
Winds : The South-Westerlies that blow across the North Atlantic Ocean towards 
Europe are warmed as they pass over the North Atlantic Drift. These warm winds from 
sea to land pick up moisture and cause rainfall, which decreases eastwards. They also 
help to raise the winter temperatures of coastal and central European countries. 
VALUES AND LIFE SKILLS 
Several factors affect the climate of a place. Similarly, several factors affect the 
personality and nature of human beings. 
Can you name a few factors that affect the nature and personality of people ? 
Do you think people can remain unaffected by their surroundings ? 
Answer: 
(a) The factors that affect the nature and personality of people are: 
1. Environment 
2. Heredity 
3. Culture 
4. Particular experiences 
(b) No, people remain affected by their surroundings. 
People change their personality and nature according to their surroundings. 
 
 
EXERCISES 
A. Write true or false. Correct the false statements. 
1. Eastern Europe receives rainfall throughout the year. 
Answer. False. 
Western Europe receives rainfall throughout the year. 
2. Softwood trees such as pine, fir, and spruce are found in the taiga belt. 
Answer. True. 
3. Mixed forests consist of grass, moss, softwood trees, hardwood trees, and thorny 
vegetation. 
Answer. False. 
4. Only mosses, lichens, and small colourful flowers grow in the steppes of Eurasia. 
Answer. False. 
Only mosses, lichens, and small colourful flowers grow Tundra Vegetation. 
5. Wild cats and large fur-bearing animals are not found anywhere in Europe. 
Answer. False. 
Wild cats and large fur-bearing animals are found in Tundra region. 
B. A list of names of wildlife and vegetation species has been provided. Write them in 
the appropriate columns 
given below. 
pine, oak, lynx, lichen, myrtle, olive, squirrel, seal, moss, spruce, beech, laurel, penguin, 
short grass 
 
 
Answer: 
 
C. Choose the correct answer. 
1. An ocean current that keeps the coasts of northern Europe frost-free in winter: 
1. Labrador Current 
2. Canary Current 
3. North Atlantic Drift 
4. North Pacific Drift 
2. A major part of Europe has moderate climate because it is located in : 
1. the torrid zone 
2. the temperate zone 
3. the frigid zone 
4. none of these 
3. Onshore winds that bring rainfall in winter to the countries around the Mediterranean 
Sea : 
1. the North-Westerlies 
2. the South-Westerlies 
3. the North Polar Easterlies 
4. the North-East Trade Winds 
4. A region of extensive evergreen trees, with needle-like leaves and home to small fur-
bearing animals : 
1. tundra 
2. Steppes 
3. Taiga 
4. Desert 
5. A region well-known for olives, oleander, and orange trees: 
1. western Europe 
2. northern Europe 
3. eastern Europe 
4. southern Europe 
D. Answer the following questions in brief. 
Question 1. 
How does the climate of Europe change from : 
(a) east to west 
(b) north to south 
Answer: 
(a) east to west — Winters and summers are more severe in the east than in the west. 
The annual rainfall is highest in the west and decreases steadily eastwards. 
(b) north to south — North European countries experience longer, colder winters and 
shorter, cooler summers than south European countries. 
Question 2. 
List the factors that affect the climate of Europe. 
Answer: 
Factors Affecting the Climate of Europe : 
Latitude — Most of Europe lies within the temperate latitudes, which are neither too hot 
nor too cold. Only a small part of the continent lies north of the Arctic Circle in the frigid 
zone. 
Nearness to Water Bodies — Except for eastern Europe, all other parts of Europe are 
close to the sea. There are oceans, seas, bays, gulfs, straits, and even lakes which 
have a moderating effect on the climate. 
Relief Features — The east-west arrangement of most highlands, especially the Alps, 
allows the rain-bearing winds to enter places in the interior and cause rainfall there. 
Ocean Currents — The warm North Atlantic Drift helps to keep parts of western 
Europe warm. The ports here are open for trade even in winter. 
Winds — The South-Westerlies that blow across the North Atlantic Ocean towards 
Europe are warmed as they pass over the North Atlantic Drift. These warm winds from 
sea to land pick up moisture and cause rainfall, which decreases eastwards. They also 
help to raise the winter temperatures of coastal and central European countries. 
Question 3. 
How is the vegetation of the Mediaterranean region able to withstand the summer 
drought conditions ? 
Answer: 
Mediterranean Vegetaion: The vegetation which consists mainly of trees with thick 
spongy barks and leaves, and long roots as well as shrubs and bushes with small, waxy 
leaves and thorns. The long roots, small waxy leaves, and thick spongy bark help the 
trees survive in dry summers. 
Question 4. 
What changes have human beings brought about in the temperate grasslands of 
Europe ? 
Answer: 
As large parts of the forest of this region was cutted down and now used for the 
cultivation of wheat and other cereals. As land development drives animal away from 
populated areas and changes the condition of environment. 
Question 5. 
Name a few minerals found in large quantities in Europe. 
Answer: 
Europe has fairly large deposits of iron ore, coal, petroleum, natural gas, bauxite, zinc, 
copper, lead, nickel, and manganese. 
E. Answer the following questions in one or two paragraphs. 
Question 1. 
Explain how relief features, winds, and ocean currents affect the climate of Europe. 
Answer: 
The following factors affect the climate of europe: 
Latitude — Most of Europe lies within the temperate latitudes, which are neither too hot 
nor too cold. Only a small part of the continent lies north of the Arctic Circle in the frigid 
zone. 
Nearness to Water Bodies — Except for eastern Europe, all other parts of Europe are 
close to the sea. There are oceans, seas, bays, gulfs, straits, and even lakes which 
have a moderating effect on the climate.