Final Exam Class 9 Science Set 2 (Solutions)

 Page 1


Section A
1. 
(d) Composting  
Explanation:
The given image shows the process of composting in which farm waste material like livestock excreta (cow dung etc.),
vegetable waste, animal refuse, domestic waste, sewage waste, straw, eradicated weeds, etc. are decomposed in pits.
2. (a) nuclear membrane  
Explanation:
Prokaryotes do have their genomic DNA concentrated and localized to a small area within the cell (nucleoid region). So it's not
entirely accurate to say that prokaryotes don't have a nucleus.
3. 
(c) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)  
Explanation:
Aerenchyma provides buoyancy.
Parenchyma cells are thin-walled.
Chlorenchyma is responsible for photosynthesis in green plants.
Cork is a permanent tissue.
4. 
(c) (D)  
Explanation:
The nucleus is a double membranous structure. It is surrounded by a double membrane - the inner nuclear membrane and the
outer nuclear membrane. A liver cell contains about 500-1000 mitochondria. A large amount of cellulose is present in the wood
of a plant.
5. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Animals like cows and buffaloes require proper and regular cleaning to remove dirt and loose hair present on their body. This
helps in maintaining the health of the animal and also helps in obtaining clean milk from them.
6. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Where absorption and secretion occur, such as in the inner lining of the intestine, tall epithelial cells or columnar epithelium is
present. This epithelium facilitates movement or diffusion across the epithelial barrier.
7. (a) A.V . Leeuwenhoek  
Explanation:
A.V . Leeuwenhoek in 1674 with the improved microscope, discovered free-living cells of algae Spirogyra in pond water for the
first time.
8. 
(c) (ii) and (iii)  
Explanation:
The muscles which are not under the control of our will, are called involuntary muscles. Smooth (unstriated) muscles and
cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles.
9. 
(d) All of these  
Page 2


Section A
1. 
(d) Composting  
Explanation:
The given image shows the process of composting in which farm waste material like livestock excreta (cow dung etc.),
vegetable waste, animal refuse, domestic waste, sewage waste, straw, eradicated weeds, etc. are decomposed in pits.
2. (a) nuclear membrane  
Explanation:
Prokaryotes do have their genomic DNA concentrated and localized to a small area within the cell (nucleoid region). So it's not
entirely accurate to say that prokaryotes don't have a nucleus.
3. 
(c) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)  
Explanation:
Aerenchyma provides buoyancy.
Parenchyma cells are thin-walled.
Chlorenchyma is responsible for photosynthesis in green plants.
Cork is a permanent tissue.
4. 
(c) (D)  
Explanation:
The nucleus is a double membranous structure. It is surrounded by a double membrane - the inner nuclear membrane and the
outer nuclear membrane. A liver cell contains about 500-1000 mitochondria. A large amount of cellulose is present in the wood
of a plant.
5. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Animals like cows and buffaloes require proper and regular cleaning to remove dirt and loose hair present on their body. This
helps in maintaining the health of the animal and also helps in obtaining clean milk from them.
6. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Where absorption and secretion occur, such as in the inner lining of the intestine, tall epithelial cells or columnar epithelium is
present. This epithelium facilitates movement or diffusion across the epithelial barrier.
7. (a) A.V . Leeuwenhoek  
Explanation:
A.V . Leeuwenhoek in 1674 with the improved microscope, discovered free-living cells of algae Spirogyra in pond water for the
first time.
8. 
(c) (ii) and (iii)  
Explanation:
The muscles which are not under the control of our will, are called involuntary muscles. Smooth (unstriated) muscles and
cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles.
9. 
(d) All of these  
Explanation:
To solve the food problem of the country, the following is necessary
i. Increased production and storage of food grains.
ii. Easy access of people to the food grain.
iii. People should have money to purchase grains.
10. Various modes of weed control are:
a. Mechanical removal.
b. Prevention method: Proper seed bed preparation to avoid weed growth.
c. Timely sowing of crop to avoid the growth of weed.
d. Inter-cropping and crop rotation also help in weed control.
11. Energy rich molecules are called ATP. ATP is called energy currency of the cell. ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate
OR
Significance of nucleus are – 
(a) It control all the activities of the cell 
(b) It helps in cell division 
(c) It transfer genetic information from one generation to another
i. 12. The epidermis of the plants living in very dry habitats has a thick waxy coating of waterproof cutin over it. This prevents the
loss of water.
ii. They help in exchange of gases with atmosphere, due to opening and closing of stomatal pore.
iii. Epidermal cells in roots bear long hair-like outgrowth i.e. root hairs that greatly increase the total absorptive surface area and
help in increased absorption of water and nutrients from soil.
i. 13. The given image shows adipose connective tissue.
ii. Adipose connective tissue is found below the skin and between internal organs.
iii. The cells of adipose connective tissue are filled with fat globules. So the storage of fats let it act as an insulator.
a. 14. X- crista Y- matrix.
b. A crista is a fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. Function of X is to increase surface area of inner membrane for
ATP Synthesis.
c. Composition of Y. It contains the mitochondrial DNA in a structure called a nucleoid. It contains ribosomes that produce
proteins used by the mitochondrion. It contains granules of ions that appear to be involved in the ionic balance of the
mitochondrion.
d. Mitochondrion (Cut lengthwise). Common Name. Powerhouse of cell.
i. 15. Egg-laying poultry birds are called layers.
ii. The specialized meat-producing poultry birds are called broilers. Broilers are quick growing birds which are raised for 6-8
weeks. Their food is rich in vitamin A and K.
iii. The tremendous rise in the availability of poultry products is called Silver Revolution. 
OR 
Following are the example of poultry birds 
Indigenous breed: Assel and Kadaknath. 
Exotic breed: Rhode island red and Light Sussex.
16. Mitochondria are often associated with cellular respiration and energy generation of the cell. The energy required for various
chemical activities is released by the mitochondria in the form of ATP molecules. For this reason, mitochondria are known as the
powerhouse of the cell. 
Three similarities between mitochondria and plastids are as follows:
i. Both have their own DNA and ribosomes.
ii. External structures of mitochondria and plastids are similar.
iii. Both have more than one membrane layer.
One major difference between mitochondria and plastids is that mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells, whereas
plastids are present only in plant cells.
OR
The cells of striated muscle fibres are long or elongated, non-tapering and cylindrical and unbranched. These cells have a number
of nuclei. These muscle fibres show alternate dark and light bands or striations (under the microscope) and hence, they are called
Page 3


Section A
1. 
(d) Composting  
Explanation:
The given image shows the process of composting in which farm waste material like livestock excreta (cow dung etc.),
vegetable waste, animal refuse, domestic waste, sewage waste, straw, eradicated weeds, etc. are decomposed in pits.
2. (a) nuclear membrane  
Explanation:
Prokaryotes do have their genomic DNA concentrated and localized to a small area within the cell (nucleoid region). So it's not
entirely accurate to say that prokaryotes don't have a nucleus.
3. 
(c) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)  
Explanation:
Aerenchyma provides buoyancy.
Parenchyma cells are thin-walled.
Chlorenchyma is responsible for photosynthesis in green plants.
Cork is a permanent tissue.
4. 
(c) (D)  
Explanation:
The nucleus is a double membranous structure. It is surrounded by a double membrane - the inner nuclear membrane and the
outer nuclear membrane. A liver cell contains about 500-1000 mitochondria. A large amount of cellulose is present in the wood
of a plant.
5. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Animals like cows and buffaloes require proper and regular cleaning to remove dirt and loose hair present on their body. This
helps in maintaining the health of the animal and also helps in obtaining clean milk from them.
6. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Where absorption and secretion occur, such as in the inner lining of the intestine, tall epithelial cells or columnar epithelium is
present. This epithelium facilitates movement or diffusion across the epithelial barrier.
7. (a) A.V . Leeuwenhoek  
Explanation:
A.V . Leeuwenhoek in 1674 with the improved microscope, discovered free-living cells of algae Spirogyra in pond water for the
first time.
8. 
(c) (ii) and (iii)  
Explanation:
The muscles which are not under the control of our will, are called involuntary muscles. Smooth (unstriated) muscles and
cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles.
9. 
(d) All of these  
Explanation:
To solve the food problem of the country, the following is necessary
i. Increased production and storage of food grains.
ii. Easy access of people to the food grain.
iii. People should have money to purchase grains.
10. Various modes of weed control are:
a. Mechanical removal.
b. Prevention method: Proper seed bed preparation to avoid weed growth.
c. Timely sowing of crop to avoid the growth of weed.
d. Inter-cropping and crop rotation also help in weed control.
11. Energy rich molecules are called ATP. ATP is called energy currency of the cell. ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate
OR
Significance of nucleus are – 
(a) It control all the activities of the cell 
(b) It helps in cell division 
(c) It transfer genetic information from one generation to another
i. 12. The epidermis of the plants living in very dry habitats has a thick waxy coating of waterproof cutin over it. This prevents the
loss of water.
ii. They help in exchange of gases with atmosphere, due to opening and closing of stomatal pore.
iii. Epidermal cells in roots bear long hair-like outgrowth i.e. root hairs that greatly increase the total absorptive surface area and
help in increased absorption of water and nutrients from soil.
i. 13. The given image shows adipose connective tissue.
ii. Adipose connective tissue is found below the skin and between internal organs.
iii. The cells of adipose connective tissue are filled with fat globules. So the storage of fats let it act as an insulator.
a. 14. X- crista Y- matrix.
b. A crista is a fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. Function of X is to increase surface area of inner membrane for
ATP Synthesis.
c. Composition of Y. It contains the mitochondrial DNA in a structure called a nucleoid. It contains ribosomes that produce
proteins used by the mitochondrion. It contains granules of ions that appear to be involved in the ionic balance of the
mitochondrion.
d. Mitochondrion (Cut lengthwise). Common Name. Powerhouse of cell.
i. 15. Egg-laying poultry birds are called layers.
ii. The specialized meat-producing poultry birds are called broilers. Broilers are quick growing birds which are raised for 6-8
weeks. Their food is rich in vitamin A and K.
iii. The tremendous rise in the availability of poultry products is called Silver Revolution. 
OR 
Following are the example of poultry birds 
Indigenous breed: Assel and Kadaknath. 
Exotic breed: Rhode island red and Light Sussex.
16. Mitochondria are often associated with cellular respiration and energy generation of the cell. The energy required for various
chemical activities is released by the mitochondria in the form of ATP molecules. For this reason, mitochondria are known as the
powerhouse of the cell. 
Three similarities between mitochondria and plastids are as follows:
i. Both have their own DNA and ribosomes.
ii. External structures of mitochondria and plastids are similar.
iii. Both have more than one membrane layer.
One major difference between mitochondria and plastids is that mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells, whereas
plastids are present only in plant cells.
OR
The cells of striated muscle fibres are long or elongated, non-tapering and cylindrical and unbranched. These cells have a number
of nuclei. These muscle fibres show alternate dark and light bands or striations (under the microscope) and hence, they are called
striated muscles. Striated muscles occur in muscles of limbs, body wall, face, neck, etc. 
Functions of striated muscles are as follows: 
(i) Striated muscles are powerful and undergo rapid contraction. They are also called skeletal muscles. 
(ii) Striated muscles provide the force for locomotion and all other voluntary movements of the body. Hence, they are also called
voluntary muscles.
On the other hand, some muscles do not bear any bands, stripes or striations across them (under the microscope) and hence, they
are called smooth or unstriated muscles. The cells of these muscle fibres are uninucleate. Smooth muscles occur as bundles or
sheets of elongated fusiform or spindle-shaped cells or fibre. They are held together by loose connective tissues. These muscles
are found in the walls of internal organs such as the alimentary canal, stomach, intestine, ureters, bronchi, iris of the eye, ducts of
glands and blood vessels. 
Functions of unstriated or smooth muscles are as follows: 
(i) Smooth muscles do not work according to our will, so they are also called involuntary muscles. Movement of food in the
alimentary canal or the contraction and relaxation of blood vessels are involuntary movements. 
(ii) Smooth muscles contract slowly but can remain contracted for a long period of time. The ingested food passes to the next step
of digestion in the alimentary canal due to this characteristic.
Section B
17. 
(d) A is false but R is true.  
Explanation:
Gases diffuse easily than liquid as gases have lesser intermolecular forces of attraction. Thus the particles of gases are not
attracted towards each other and thus it can easily diffuse
18. 
(b) Diatomic and monoatomic respectively.  
Explanation:
Atomicity is the total number of atoms present in one molecule of an element or a compound. Chlorine molecule (Cl
2
) is
diatomic i.e. a molecule of chlorine contains 2 atoms of chlorine. Argon is an inert gas and an atom of Argon is capable of
independent existence. Hence, Argon is monoatomic (Word "mono" refers to the single atom).
19. 
(b) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)  
Explanation:
The particle size in the colloidal solution lies in the range of 1nm to 100nm.
The suspension is a mixture in which a substance will not dissolve in another and quickly separated if left out to stand.
A solution having a maximum amount of solute dissolved in 1 litre of solvent at a particular temperature is a saturated
solution.
The solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which substance dissolved (solute) insolvent has a
particle size of less than 10
-9
 m or 1 nm.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
21. 
(d) (A)  
Explanation:
The chemical formula of the Quick lime is CaO. So, Calcium (Ca) and Oxygen (O) elements are present in Quick lime.
22. 
(c) CO and N
2
  
Page 4


Section A
1. 
(d) Composting  
Explanation:
The given image shows the process of composting in which farm waste material like livestock excreta (cow dung etc.),
vegetable waste, animal refuse, domestic waste, sewage waste, straw, eradicated weeds, etc. are decomposed in pits.
2. (a) nuclear membrane  
Explanation:
Prokaryotes do have their genomic DNA concentrated and localized to a small area within the cell (nucleoid region). So it's not
entirely accurate to say that prokaryotes don't have a nucleus.
3. 
(c) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)  
Explanation:
Aerenchyma provides buoyancy.
Parenchyma cells are thin-walled.
Chlorenchyma is responsible for photosynthesis in green plants.
Cork is a permanent tissue.
4. 
(c) (D)  
Explanation:
The nucleus is a double membranous structure. It is surrounded by a double membrane - the inner nuclear membrane and the
outer nuclear membrane. A liver cell contains about 500-1000 mitochondria. A large amount of cellulose is present in the wood
of a plant.
5. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Animals like cows and buffaloes require proper and regular cleaning to remove dirt and loose hair present on their body. This
helps in maintaining the health of the animal and also helps in obtaining clean milk from them.
6. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Where absorption and secretion occur, such as in the inner lining of the intestine, tall epithelial cells or columnar epithelium is
present. This epithelium facilitates movement or diffusion across the epithelial barrier.
7. (a) A.V . Leeuwenhoek  
Explanation:
A.V . Leeuwenhoek in 1674 with the improved microscope, discovered free-living cells of algae Spirogyra in pond water for the
first time.
8. 
(c) (ii) and (iii)  
Explanation:
The muscles which are not under the control of our will, are called involuntary muscles. Smooth (unstriated) muscles and
cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles.
9. 
(d) All of these  
Explanation:
To solve the food problem of the country, the following is necessary
i. Increased production and storage of food grains.
ii. Easy access of people to the food grain.
iii. People should have money to purchase grains.
10. Various modes of weed control are:
a. Mechanical removal.
b. Prevention method: Proper seed bed preparation to avoid weed growth.
c. Timely sowing of crop to avoid the growth of weed.
d. Inter-cropping and crop rotation also help in weed control.
11. Energy rich molecules are called ATP. ATP is called energy currency of the cell. ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate
OR
Significance of nucleus are – 
(a) It control all the activities of the cell 
(b) It helps in cell division 
(c) It transfer genetic information from one generation to another
i. 12. The epidermis of the plants living in very dry habitats has a thick waxy coating of waterproof cutin over it. This prevents the
loss of water.
ii. They help in exchange of gases with atmosphere, due to opening and closing of stomatal pore.
iii. Epidermal cells in roots bear long hair-like outgrowth i.e. root hairs that greatly increase the total absorptive surface area and
help in increased absorption of water and nutrients from soil.
i. 13. The given image shows adipose connective tissue.
ii. Adipose connective tissue is found below the skin and between internal organs.
iii. The cells of adipose connective tissue are filled with fat globules. So the storage of fats let it act as an insulator.
a. 14. X- crista Y- matrix.
b. A crista is a fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. Function of X is to increase surface area of inner membrane for
ATP Synthesis.
c. Composition of Y. It contains the mitochondrial DNA in a structure called a nucleoid. It contains ribosomes that produce
proteins used by the mitochondrion. It contains granules of ions that appear to be involved in the ionic balance of the
mitochondrion.
d. Mitochondrion (Cut lengthwise). Common Name. Powerhouse of cell.
i. 15. Egg-laying poultry birds are called layers.
ii. The specialized meat-producing poultry birds are called broilers. Broilers are quick growing birds which are raised for 6-8
weeks. Their food is rich in vitamin A and K.
iii. The tremendous rise in the availability of poultry products is called Silver Revolution. 
OR 
Following are the example of poultry birds 
Indigenous breed: Assel and Kadaknath. 
Exotic breed: Rhode island red and Light Sussex.
16. Mitochondria are often associated with cellular respiration and energy generation of the cell. The energy required for various
chemical activities is released by the mitochondria in the form of ATP molecules. For this reason, mitochondria are known as the
powerhouse of the cell. 
Three similarities between mitochondria and plastids are as follows:
i. Both have their own DNA and ribosomes.
ii. External structures of mitochondria and plastids are similar.
iii. Both have more than one membrane layer.
One major difference between mitochondria and plastids is that mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells, whereas
plastids are present only in plant cells.
OR
The cells of striated muscle fibres are long or elongated, non-tapering and cylindrical and unbranched. These cells have a number
of nuclei. These muscle fibres show alternate dark and light bands or striations (under the microscope) and hence, they are called
striated muscles. Striated muscles occur in muscles of limbs, body wall, face, neck, etc. 
Functions of striated muscles are as follows: 
(i) Striated muscles are powerful and undergo rapid contraction. They are also called skeletal muscles. 
(ii) Striated muscles provide the force for locomotion and all other voluntary movements of the body. Hence, they are also called
voluntary muscles.
On the other hand, some muscles do not bear any bands, stripes or striations across them (under the microscope) and hence, they
are called smooth or unstriated muscles. The cells of these muscle fibres are uninucleate. Smooth muscles occur as bundles or
sheets of elongated fusiform or spindle-shaped cells or fibre. They are held together by loose connective tissues. These muscles
are found in the walls of internal organs such as the alimentary canal, stomach, intestine, ureters, bronchi, iris of the eye, ducts of
glands and blood vessels. 
Functions of unstriated or smooth muscles are as follows: 
(i) Smooth muscles do not work according to our will, so they are also called involuntary muscles. Movement of food in the
alimentary canal or the contraction and relaxation of blood vessels are involuntary movements. 
(ii) Smooth muscles contract slowly but can remain contracted for a long period of time. The ingested food passes to the next step
of digestion in the alimentary canal due to this characteristic.
Section B
17. 
(d) A is false but R is true.  
Explanation:
Gases diffuse easily than liquid as gases have lesser intermolecular forces of attraction. Thus the particles of gases are not
attracted towards each other and thus it can easily diffuse
18. 
(b) Diatomic and monoatomic respectively.  
Explanation:
Atomicity is the total number of atoms present in one molecule of an element or a compound. Chlorine molecule (Cl
2
) is
diatomic i.e. a molecule of chlorine contains 2 atoms of chlorine. Argon is an inert gas and an atom of Argon is capable of
independent existence. Hence, Argon is monoatomic (Word "mono" refers to the single atom).
19. 
(b) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)  
Explanation:
The particle size in the colloidal solution lies in the range of 1nm to 100nm.
The suspension is a mixture in which a substance will not dissolve in another and quickly separated if left out to stand.
A solution having a maximum amount of solute dissolved in 1 litre of solvent at a particular temperature is a saturated
solution.
The solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which substance dissolved (solute) insolvent has a
particle size of less than 10
-9
 m or 1 nm.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
21. 
(d) (A)  
Explanation:
The chemical formula of the Quick lime is CaO. So, Calcium (Ca) and Oxygen (O) elements are present in Quick lime.
22. 
(c) CO and N
2
  
Explanation:
Rate of diffusion depends upon the molecular mass of gases. CO and N
2
 have the same molecular mass hence, both will diffuse
at the same rate.
23. 
(b) a change of colour to blue-black in both tubes 'A' and 'B'  
Explanation:
Iodine + Starch Solution  Blue-black colour 
Starch act as an indicator of the presence of iodine.
24. (a) polar covalent bonds  
Explanation:
Polar covalent bonds form when one atom wants an electron more strongly than the other but are still willing to share, so the
shared electrons spend more time around one atom than the other.
25. Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures in which the particle size is so small that the particles cannot be seen by naked eyes. The
suspended particles form the dispersed phase of the colloid. The solvent in which the colloidal particles are suspended forms the
continuous phase or the dispersing medium of the colloid. E.g. Milk.
The properties of a colloid are as follows:- 
(1) A colloid is heterogeneous in nature but appears homogeneous. 
(2) The size of colloidal particles is too small to be seen individually by naked eyes. The size of the particles is between 10
-7
 cm
to 10
-5
 cm. They can easily pass through a filter paper. 
(3) The particles of a colloidal solution scatter a beam of light passing through it and make its path visible. 
(4) The particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down under the effect of gravity when the solution is left undisturbed for
some time. They are quite stable.
26. The composition of CO
2
 in both the cases would be same, i.e., the carbon and oxygen will combine in the same ratio 1:2. The law
associated is law of constant proportion.
OR
Dalton’s atomic theory states that atoms of different elements combine together in simple whole number ratio. In the formula of
C
12
H
22
O
11
, the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen combine in whole number ratio but the ratio is not simple.
27. 
Sr.No. Evaporation Boiling
1.
Evaporation is the process
of conversion of liquid to
vapour which occur at
much slower rate.
Boiling is the process of
conversion of liquid to
vapour which occur at
much faster rate.
2.
It takes place at all
temperature.
It takes place at a fixed
temperature.
3.
It takes place only from
the surface of the liquid.It
is a surface phenomenon.
It takes place from all
parts of the liquid. It is a
bulk phenomenon.
i. 28. 
60
Co isotope is used in the treatment of cancer.
ii. One proton and one neutron
iii. Since, properties of elements are determined by no of protons in nucleus isotopes have same number protons therefore
chemical properties of all the elements of isotope are identical. 
OR 
All the isotopes have one electron and one proton, hence they are neutral.
a. i. 29. Temperature: For the majority of solutions of solid-in-liquid and liquid-in-liquid types, solubility increases with
temperature. However, for solutions of gases-in-water type, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.
?
Page 5


Section A
1. 
(d) Composting  
Explanation:
The given image shows the process of composting in which farm waste material like livestock excreta (cow dung etc.),
vegetable waste, animal refuse, domestic waste, sewage waste, straw, eradicated weeds, etc. are decomposed in pits.
2. (a) nuclear membrane  
Explanation:
Prokaryotes do have their genomic DNA concentrated and localized to a small area within the cell (nucleoid region). So it's not
entirely accurate to say that prokaryotes don't have a nucleus.
3. 
(c) (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)  
Explanation:
Aerenchyma provides buoyancy.
Parenchyma cells are thin-walled.
Chlorenchyma is responsible for photosynthesis in green plants.
Cork is a permanent tissue.
4. 
(c) (D)  
Explanation:
The nucleus is a double membranous structure. It is surrounded by a double membrane - the inner nuclear membrane and the
outer nuclear membrane. A liver cell contains about 500-1000 mitochondria. A large amount of cellulose is present in the wood
of a plant.
5. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Animals like cows and buffaloes require proper and regular cleaning to remove dirt and loose hair present on their body. This
helps in maintaining the health of the animal and also helps in obtaining clean milk from them.
6. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Where absorption and secretion occur, such as in the inner lining of the intestine, tall epithelial cells or columnar epithelium is
present. This epithelium facilitates movement or diffusion across the epithelial barrier.
7. (a) A.V . Leeuwenhoek  
Explanation:
A.V . Leeuwenhoek in 1674 with the improved microscope, discovered free-living cells of algae Spirogyra in pond water for the
first time.
8. 
(c) (ii) and (iii)  
Explanation:
The muscles which are not under the control of our will, are called involuntary muscles. Smooth (unstriated) muscles and
cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles.
9. 
(d) All of these  
Explanation:
To solve the food problem of the country, the following is necessary
i. Increased production and storage of food grains.
ii. Easy access of people to the food grain.
iii. People should have money to purchase grains.
10. Various modes of weed control are:
a. Mechanical removal.
b. Prevention method: Proper seed bed preparation to avoid weed growth.
c. Timely sowing of crop to avoid the growth of weed.
d. Inter-cropping and crop rotation also help in weed control.
11. Energy rich molecules are called ATP. ATP is called energy currency of the cell. ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate
OR
Significance of nucleus are – 
(a) It control all the activities of the cell 
(b) It helps in cell division 
(c) It transfer genetic information from one generation to another
i. 12. The epidermis of the plants living in very dry habitats has a thick waxy coating of waterproof cutin over it. This prevents the
loss of water.
ii. They help in exchange of gases with atmosphere, due to opening and closing of stomatal pore.
iii. Epidermal cells in roots bear long hair-like outgrowth i.e. root hairs that greatly increase the total absorptive surface area and
help in increased absorption of water and nutrients from soil.
i. 13. The given image shows adipose connective tissue.
ii. Adipose connective tissue is found below the skin and between internal organs.
iii. The cells of adipose connective tissue are filled with fat globules. So the storage of fats let it act as an insulator.
a. 14. X- crista Y- matrix.
b. A crista is a fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. Function of X is to increase surface area of inner membrane for
ATP Synthesis.
c. Composition of Y. It contains the mitochondrial DNA in a structure called a nucleoid. It contains ribosomes that produce
proteins used by the mitochondrion. It contains granules of ions that appear to be involved in the ionic balance of the
mitochondrion.
d. Mitochondrion (Cut lengthwise). Common Name. Powerhouse of cell.
i. 15. Egg-laying poultry birds are called layers.
ii. The specialized meat-producing poultry birds are called broilers. Broilers are quick growing birds which are raised for 6-8
weeks. Their food is rich in vitamin A and K.
iii. The tremendous rise in the availability of poultry products is called Silver Revolution. 
OR 
Following are the example of poultry birds 
Indigenous breed: Assel and Kadaknath. 
Exotic breed: Rhode island red and Light Sussex.
16. Mitochondria are often associated with cellular respiration and energy generation of the cell. The energy required for various
chemical activities is released by the mitochondria in the form of ATP molecules. For this reason, mitochondria are known as the
powerhouse of the cell. 
Three similarities between mitochondria and plastids are as follows:
i. Both have their own DNA and ribosomes.
ii. External structures of mitochondria and plastids are similar.
iii. Both have more than one membrane layer.
One major difference between mitochondria and plastids is that mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells, whereas
plastids are present only in plant cells.
OR
The cells of striated muscle fibres are long or elongated, non-tapering and cylindrical and unbranched. These cells have a number
of nuclei. These muscle fibres show alternate dark and light bands or striations (under the microscope) and hence, they are called
striated muscles. Striated muscles occur in muscles of limbs, body wall, face, neck, etc. 
Functions of striated muscles are as follows: 
(i) Striated muscles are powerful and undergo rapid contraction. They are also called skeletal muscles. 
(ii) Striated muscles provide the force for locomotion and all other voluntary movements of the body. Hence, they are also called
voluntary muscles.
On the other hand, some muscles do not bear any bands, stripes or striations across them (under the microscope) and hence, they
are called smooth or unstriated muscles. The cells of these muscle fibres are uninucleate. Smooth muscles occur as bundles or
sheets of elongated fusiform or spindle-shaped cells or fibre. They are held together by loose connective tissues. These muscles
are found in the walls of internal organs such as the alimentary canal, stomach, intestine, ureters, bronchi, iris of the eye, ducts of
glands and blood vessels. 
Functions of unstriated or smooth muscles are as follows: 
(i) Smooth muscles do not work according to our will, so they are also called involuntary muscles. Movement of food in the
alimentary canal or the contraction and relaxation of blood vessels are involuntary movements. 
(ii) Smooth muscles contract slowly but can remain contracted for a long period of time. The ingested food passes to the next step
of digestion in the alimentary canal due to this characteristic.
Section B
17. 
(d) A is false but R is true.  
Explanation:
Gases diffuse easily than liquid as gases have lesser intermolecular forces of attraction. Thus the particles of gases are not
attracted towards each other and thus it can easily diffuse
18. 
(b) Diatomic and monoatomic respectively.  
Explanation:
Atomicity is the total number of atoms present in one molecule of an element or a compound. Chlorine molecule (Cl
2
) is
diatomic i.e. a molecule of chlorine contains 2 atoms of chlorine. Argon is an inert gas and an atom of Argon is capable of
independent existence. Hence, Argon is monoatomic (Word "mono" refers to the single atom).
19. 
(b) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)  
Explanation:
The particle size in the colloidal solution lies in the range of 1nm to 100nm.
The suspension is a mixture in which a substance will not dissolve in another and quickly separated if left out to stand.
A solution having a maximum amount of solute dissolved in 1 litre of solvent at a particular temperature is a saturated
solution.
The solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which substance dissolved (solute) insolvent has a
particle size of less than 10
-9
 m or 1 nm.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
21. 
(d) (A)  
Explanation:
The chemical formula of the Quick lime is CaO. So, Calcium (Ca) and Oxygen (O) elements are present in Quick lime.
22. 
(c) CO and N
2
  
Explanation:
Rate of diffusion depends upon the molecular mass of gases. CO and N
2
 have the same molecular mass hence, both will diffuse
at the same rate.
23. 
(b) a change of colour to blue-black in both tubes 'A' and 'B'  
Explanation:
Iodine + Starch Solution  Blue-black colour 
Starch act as an indicator of the presence of iodine.
24. (a) polar covalent bonds  
Explanation:
Polar covalent bonds form when one atom wants an electron more strongly than the other but are still willing to share, so the
shared electrons spend more time around one atom than the other.
25. Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures in which the particle size is so small that the particles cannot be seen by naked eyes. The
suspended particles form the dispersed phase of the colloid. The solvent in which the colloidal particles are suspended forms the
continuous phase or the dispersing medium of the colloid. E.g. Milk.
The properties of a colloid are as follows:- 
(1) A colloid is heterogeneous in nature but appears homogeneous. 
(2) The size of colloidal particles is too small to be seen individually by naked eyes. The size of the particles is between 10
-7
 cm
to 10
-5
 cm. They can easily pass through a filter paper. 
(3) The particles of a colloidal solution scatter a beam of light passing through it and make its path visible. 
(4) The particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down under the effect of gravity when the solution is left undisturbed for
some time. They are quite stable.
26. The composition of CO
2
 in both the cases would be same, i.e., the carbon and oxygen will combine in the same ratio 1:2. The law
associated is law of constant proportion.
OR
Dalton’s atomic theory states that atoms of different elements combine together in simple whole number ratio. In the formula of
C
12
H
22
O
11
, the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen combine in whole number ratio but the ratio is not simple.
27. 
Sr.No. Evaporation Boiling
1.
Evaporation is the process
of conversion of liquid to
vapour which occur at
much slower rate.
Boiling is the process of
conversion of liquid to
vapour which occur at
much faster rate.
2.
It takes place at all
temperature.
It takes place at a fixed
temperature.
3.
It takes place only from
the surface of the liquid.It
is a surface phenomenon.
It takes place from all
parts of the liquid. It is a
bulk phenomenon.
i. 28. 
60
Co isotope is used in the treatment of cancer.
ii. One proton and one neutron
iii. Since, properties of elements are determined by no of protons in nucleus isotopes have same number protons therefore
chemical properties of all the elements of isotope are identical. 
OR 
All the isotopes have one electron and one proton, hence they are neutral.
a. i. 29. Temperature: For the majority of solutions of solid-in-liquid and liquid-in-liquid types, solubility increases with
temperature. However, for solutions of gases-in-water type, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.
? b. Pressure: It is applicable to gas-in-liquid solutions. An increase in pressure increases the solubility of a gas. For example,
aerated drinks contain carbon dioxide gas under pressure.
c. Mechanical Stirring: Mechanical stirring increases solubility. For example, sugar dissolves faster on stirring with a
spoon.
d. Size of Solute Particles: Smaller the particle size of solute, greater is the solubility. For example, it is easier to dissolve
powdered sugar than granules of sugar.
ii. Compounds
a. Compounds are pure substances.
b. They are made up of two or more elements combined chemically.
c. The constituents of a compound are present in a fixed ratio.
d. Compounds have fixed properties. For example, a particular compound will have fixed temperatures at which it melts and
boils.
e. A compound can have properties different from its constituents, as a new substance is formed when the constituents are
chemically combined.
f. The constituents of a compound can be separated only by chemical methods.
Mixtures
a. Mixtures are impure substances.
b. They are made up of two or more substances mixed physically.
c. The constituents of a mixture are present in varying ratios.
d. Mixtures do not have fixed properties. Their properties depend on the nature of their compo nents and the ratios in which
they are combined.
e. In mixtures, no new substance is formed. The properties of a mixture are the same as the properties of its constituents.
f. The constituents of a mixture can be separated easily by physical methods.
OR
Part A:  
 
Here H
2
S gas is produced, which is identified by its characteristic smell of rotten eggs. 
Part B:  
 
Here H
2
 gas is produced. Hydrogen gas is tested by bringing a burning matchstick near the mouth of the test tube. It burns with a
pop sound and water is formed.
Section C
30. 
(c) All have equal inertia  
Explanation:
Inertia is directly proportional to mass, hence all the above given objects will have equal inertia.
31. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Since, power is inversely proportional to time, crane P supplies more power.
32. 
(d) P
A
 > P
B
  
Explanation:
The sensation of a frequency is commonly referred to as the pitch of a sound. A high pitch sound corresponds to a high
frequency sound wave and a low pitch sound corresponds to a low frequency sound wave.
33. Given the weight of an object of the moon is one sixth weight of an object of the Earth.Also Weight = Mass x Acceleration
Value of gravity on earth = 
value of gravity on moon = 1/6
th
 of earth = 9.8/6 = 1.63  
weight of object on moon =  = = 16.3 N
weight of object on earth =  =  = 98 N
F e + S F e S - ? ? F e S + 2 H C L ( d i l . ) ? F e C + S ? l 2 H 2 F e + S ? m i x t u r e F e + S + 2 H C L ( d i l . ) ? F e C + ? l 2 H 2 9 . 8 m / s 2 m / s 2 m × 1 . 6 3 1 0 × 1 . 6 3 m × 9 . 8 1 0 × 9 . 8