Final Exam Class 9 Science Set 3 (Solutions)

 Page 1


Section A
1. 
(b) D  
Explanation:
Due to plasmolysis liquid moves out from the cell and the cell membrane shrinks.
2. 
(b) endocytosis 
Explanation:
Amoeba acquires its food through the process of Endocytosis. Actually it has cytoplasmic projections called psedupodia (false
feet) that extend out of its body. It moves the pseudopodia towards the food and take it in its body through the process of
endocytosis.
3. 
(d) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)  
Explanation:
The energy required for various chemical activities is released by mitochondria. They contain enzymes for cellular
respiration. During cellular respiration, energy is released in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). The body uses
energy stored in ATP. Hence, ATP is called the energy currency of the cell.
Chloroplasts are found in leaves of plants. They make use of sunlight to perform a process called photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts are involved in the process of photosynthesis during which oxygen is produced and the net amount is
given off.
Red Blood Cells in mammals anucleate when mature i.e. they do not contain a nucleus. This is so that the cell has
maximum space for haemoglobin.
Ribosomes are associated with the synthesis of proteins from amino acids. Proteins are required by a cell for functions
such as repair or directing chemical processes.
4. 
(c) dendrite  
Explanation:
The dendrites receive impulses and the axon takes impulses away from the cell body.
5. (a) fish  
Explanation:
Induced breeding is an optimal effort to produce fish fry without considering the season. This technique is used to produce fry
of fish species that have or potentially have great economic significance for aquaculture, which do not reproduces
spontaneously in captivity.
6. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Blood is a fluid connective tissue. It consists of two components - fluid and corpuscles. It is composed of plasma, platelets, red
blood cells, and white blood cells.
7. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Page 2


Section A
1. 
(b) D  
Explanation:
Due to plasmolysis liquid moves out from the cell and the cell membrane shrinks.
2. 
(b) endocytosis 
Explanation:
Amoeba acquires its food through the process of Endocytosis. Actually it has cytoplasmic projections called psedupodia (false
feet) that extend out of its body. It moves the pseudopodia towards the food and take it in its body through the process of
endocytosis.
3. 
(d) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)  
Explanation:
The energy required for various chemical activities is released by mitochondria. They contain enzymes for cellular
respiration. During cellular respiration, energy is released in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). The body uses
energy stored in ATP. Hence, ATP is called the energy currency of the cell.
Chloroplasts are found in leaves of plants. They make use of sunlight to perform a process called photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts are involved in the process of photosynthesis during which oxygen is produced and the net amount is
given off.
Red Blood Cells in mammals anucleate when mature i.e. they do not contain a nucleus. This is so that the cell has
maximum space for haemoglobin.
Ribosomes are associated with the synthesis of proteins from amino acids. Proteins are required by a cell for functions
such as repair or directing chemical processes.
4. 
(c) dendrite  
Explanation:
The dendrites receive impulses and the axon takes impulses away from the cell body.
5. (a) fish  
Explanation:
Induced breeding is an optimal effort to produce fish fry without considering the season. This technique is used to produce fry
of fish species that have or potentially have great economic significance for aquaculture, which do not reproduces
spontaneously in captivity.
6. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Blood is a fluid connective tissue. It consists of two components - fluid and corpuscles. It is composed of plasma, platelets, red
blood cells, and white blood cells.
7. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Cell wall Cell membrane
It is present in bacteria, fungi, and plant cells. It is absent in
animal cells and protozoans.
It is present in all cells.
There is no other name of the cell wall. The cell membrane is also known as the plasma membrane or
plasmalemma.
The cell wall is completely permeable. The cell membrane is semi-permeable.
The cell wall is made up of cellulose. The cell membrane is made up of lipids and proteins.
The process of supplying water to crop plants by means of canals, wells, reservoirs, tube-wells, etc. is known as irrigation.
Most agriculture in India is rain-fed, that is, the success of crops in most areas is dependent on timely monsoons, and sufficient
rainfall spread through most of the growing season.
8. (i) Protection. (ii) Regulation of transpiration (iii) Formation of insulating stationary air layer with the help of hair. (iv) Exchange
of gases.
9. In poultry farming the following precautions should be taken:
a. Proper poultry feed.
b. Proper vaccination of birds.
c. Prevention and control of diseases and pests.
d. Isolation of diseased birds.
e. Maintenance of optimum temperature and hygienic conditions in housing.
OR
The disease causing microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and viruses are called pathogens. 
They reach the plants through water, air, soil as well as seeds. 
Two plant diseases caused by pathogens are rust in wheat and blast in paddy/stem rot in pigeon pea.
10. (a) Cows - Anthrax and Foot and mouth diseases 
(b) Poultry - Ranikhet and Salmonellosis diseases 
(c) Fishes- Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN)
i. 11. The tissue shown is collenchyma tissue. 
The labelling of the collenchyma tissue is as follows:
A. - Wall thickenings
B. - Nucleus
C. - Vacuole
D. - Cell wall
ii. Yes, the collenchyma tissue is flexible. This is so because collenchyma cells don't have lignin in their cell wall.
iii. The function of collenchyma tissue are as follows:
a. Collenchyma tissue provides flexibility to the plant.
b. It also provides mechanical support to plants.
12. Hypertonic solution – If the medium surrounding the cell has higher solute concentration than the cell, then the solution in called
hypertonic solution. 
Hypotonic solution – If the medium surrounding the cell has lower solute concentration than the cell, then the solution in called
hypotonic solution.
i. 13. Cambium tissue help in the secondary growth of the plant.
ii. Between mature tissue segments, intercalary meristematic growth occurs.
iii. Meristematic tissues are mostly found at the apices of root and shoot. 
OR 
The cambium is called the lateral meristem because it increases the girth of the axis.
14. 
i. 
ii. 
Nuclear region of bacterial cell Nuclear region of an animal cell
Smaller in size. Larger in size.
The nuclear membrane is absent, the nucleolus is absent. The nucleus is regarded as
the nucleoid.
Nuclear membrane with nucleolus
present.
Page 3


Section A
1. 
(b) D  
Explanation:
Due to plasmolysis liquid moves out from the cell and the cell membrane shrinks.
2. 
(b) endocytosis 
Explanation:
Amoeba acquires its food through the process of Endocytosis. Actually it has cytoplasmic projections called psedupodia (false
feet) that extend out of its body. It moves the pseudopodia towards the food and take it in its body through the process of
endocytosis.
3. 
(d) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)  
Explanation:
The energy required for various chemical activities is released by mitochondria. They contain enzymes for cellular
respiration. During cellular respiration, energy is released in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). The body uses
energy stored in ATP. Hence, ATP is called the energy currency of the cell.
Chloroplasts are found in leaves of plants. They make use of sunlight to perform a process called photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts are involved in the process of photosynthesis during which oxygen is produced and the net amount is
given off.
Red Blood Cells in mammals anucleate when mature i.e. they do not contain a nucleus. This is so that the cell has
maximum space for haemoglobin.
Ribosomes are associated with the synthesis of proteins from amino acids. Proteins are required by a cell for functions
such as repair or directing chemical processes.
4. 
(c) dendrite  
Explanation:
The dendrites receive impulses and the axon takes impulses away from the cell body.
5. (a) fish  
Explanation:
Induced breeding is an optimal effort to produce fish fry without considering the season. This technique is used to produce fry
of fish species that have or potentially have great economic significance for aquaculture, which do not reproduces
spontaneously in captivity.
6. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Blood is a fluid connective tissue. It consists of two components - fluid and corpuscles. It is composed of plasma, platelets, red
blood cells, and white blood cells.
7. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Cell wall Cell membrane
It is present in bacteria, fungi, and plant cells. It is absent in
animal cells and protozoans.
It is present in all cells.
There is no other name of the cell wall. The cell membrane is also known as the plasma membrane or
plasmalemma.
The cell wall is completely permeable. The cell membrane is semi-permeable.
The cell wall is made up of cellulose. The cell membrane is made up of lipids and proteins.
The process of supplying water to crop plants by means of canals, wells, reservoirs, tube-wells, etc. is known as irrigation.
Most agriculture in India is rain-fed, that is, the success of crops in most areas is dependent on timely monsoons, and sufficient
rainfall spread through most of the growing season.
8. (i) Protection. (ii) Regulation of transpiration (iii) Formation of insulating stationary air layer with the help of hair. (iv) Exchange
of gases.
9. In poultry farming the following precautions should be taken:
a. Proper poultry feed.
b. Proper vaccination of birds.
c. Prevention and control of diseases and pests.
d. Isolation of diseased birds.
e. Maintenance of optimum temperature and hygienic conditions in housing.
OR
The disease causing microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and viruses are called pathogens. 
They reach the plants through water, air, soil as well as seeds. 
Two plant diseases caused by pathogens are rust in wheat and blast in paddy/stem rot in pigeon pea.
10. (a) Cows - Anthrax and Foot and mouth diseases 
(b) Poultry - Ranikhet and Salmonellosis diseases 
(c) Fishes- Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN)
i. 11. The tissue shown is collenchyma tissue. 
The labelling of the collenchyma tissue is as follows:
A. - Wall thickenings
B. - Nucleus
C. - Vacuole
D. - Cell wall
ii. Yes, the collenchyma tissue is flexible. This is so because collenchyma cells don't have lignin in their cell wall.
iii. The function of collenchyma tissue are as follows:
a. Collenchyma tissue provides flexibility to the plant.
b. It also provides mechanical support to plants.
12. Hypertonic solution – If the medium surrounding the cell has higher solute concentration than the cell, then the solution in called
hypertonic solution. 
Hypotonic solution – If the medium surrounding the cell has lower solute concentration than the cell, then the solution in called
hypotonic solution.
i. 13. Cambium tissue help in the secondary growth of the plant.
ii. Between mature tissue segments, intercalary meristematic growth occurs.
iii. Meristematic tissues are mostly found at the apices of root and shoot. 
OR 
The cambium is called the lateral meristem because it increases the girth of the axis.
14. 
i. 
ii. 
Nuclear region of bacterial cell Nuclear region of an animal cell
Smaller in size. Larger in size.
The nuclear membrane is absent, the nucleolus is absent. The nucleus is regarded as
the nucleoid.
Nuclear membrane with nucleolus
present.
iii. 
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
The size of a cell is generally small. The size of a cell is generally large.
The true nucleus is absent. The true nucleus is present.
It contains a single chromosome. Contains more than one chromosome.
Membrane-bound cell organelles absent. Membrane-bound cell organelles present.
OR
In plants, there are pipe-like vessels through which water and minerals can enter the plants. These vessels are made up of
elongated cells and thick walls. A group of cells forms a tissue which performs a specialized function within the organisms. These
are conducting tissues. These conducting tissues are divided into two types which are xylem and phloem.
i. Xylem: It is a vascular tissue that spreads from the top to bottom of the plant. It helps in the transportation of water and
minerals from roots to other parts of the plant. 
Elements of xylem:
a. Tracheids and Vessels: It is Tubular structure and transport water and minerals vertically.
b. Parenchyma: It stores food and helps in sideways conduction of water.
c. Fibres: It is supportive in function.
ii. Phloem It transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant. Food is prepared in leaves by the process of photosynthesis. 
Elements of phloem:
a. Sieve tubes: It is tubular cells with perforated walls. These consist of living cells.
b. Companion cells: It is small elongated cells with dense cytoplasm.
c. Phloem parenchyma : It is Thin-walled cells. Mainly function in storage and transportation of food.
d. Phloem fibres It is Thick-walled cells. These are dead cells. Provide mechanical strength to tissue. 
Both xylem and phloem maintain a transportation system within the plants. There is continuous transportation of food, water and
minerals within the plant. This transportation is necessary for the proper growth and maintenance of the plant.
Page 4


Section A
1. 
(b) D  
Explanation:
Due to plasmolysis liquid moves out from the cell and the cell membrane shrinks.
2. 
(b) endocytosis 
Explanation:
Amoeba acquires its food through the process of Endocytosis. Actually it has cytoplasmic projections called psedupodia (false
feet) that extend out of its body. It moves the pseudopodia towards the food and take it in its body through the process of
endocytosis.
3. 
(d) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)  
Explanation:
The energy required for various chemical activities is released by mitochondria. They contain enzymes for cellular
respiration. During cellular respiration, energy is released in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). The body uses
energy stored in ATP. Hence, ATP is called the energy currency of the cell.
Chloroplasts are found in leaves of plants. They make use of sunlight to perform a process called photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts are involved in the process of photosynthesis during which oxygen is produced and the net amount is
given off.
Red Blood Cells in mammals anucleate when mature i.e. they do not contain a nucleus. This is so that the cell has
maximum space for haemoglobin.
Ribosomes are associated with the synthesis of proteins from amino acids. Proteins are required by a cell for functions
such as repair or directing chemical processes.
4. 
(c) dendrite  
Explanation:
The dendrites receive impulses and the axon takes impulses away from the cell body.
5. (a) fish  
Explanation:
Induced breeding is an optimal effort to produce fish fry without considering the season. This technique is used to produce fry
of fish species that have or potentially have great economic significance for aquaculture, which do not reproduces
spontaneously in captivity.
6. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Blood is a fluid connective tissue. It consists of two components - fluid and corpuscles. It is composed of plasma, platelets, red
blood cells, and white blood cells.
7. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Cell wall Cell membrane
It is present in bacteria, fungi, and plant cells. It is absent in
animal cells and protozoans.
It is present in all cells.
There is no other name of the cell wall. The cell membrane is also known as the plasma membrane or
plasmalemma.
The cell wall is completely permeable. The cell membrane is semi-permeable.
The cell wall is made up of cellulose. The cell membrane is made up of lipids and proteins.
The process of supplying water to crop plants by means of canals, wells, reservoirs, tube-wells, etc. is known as irrigation.
Most agriculture in India is rain-fed, that is, the success of crops in most areas is dependent on timely monsoons, and sufficient
rainfall spread through most of the growing season.
8. (i) Protection. (ii) Regulation of transpiration (iii) Formation of insulating stationary air layer with the help of hair. (iv) Exchange
of gases.
9. In poultry farming the following precautions should be taken:
a. Proper poultry feed.
b. Proper vaccination of birds.
c. Prevention and control of diseases and pests.
d. Isolation of diseased birds.
e. Maintenance of optimum temperature and hygienic conditions in housing.
OR
The disease causing microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and viruses are called pathogens. 
They reach the plants through water, air, soil as well as seeds. 
Two plant diseases caused by pathogens are rust in wheat and blast in paddy/stem rot in pigeon pea.
10. (a) Cows - Anthrax and Foot and mouth diseases 
(b) Poultry - Ranikhet and Salmonellosis diseases 
(c) Fishes- Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN)
i. 11. The tissue shown is collenchyma tissue. 
The labelling of the collenchyma tissue is as follows:
A. - Wall thickenings
B. - Nucleus
C. - Vacuole
D. - Cell wall
ii. Yes, the collenchyma tissue is flexible. This is so because collenchyma cells don't have lignin in their cell wall.
iii. The function of collenchyma tissue are as follows:
a. Collenchyma tissue provides flexibility to the plant.
b. It also provides mechanical support to plants.
12. Hypertonic solution – If the medium surrounding the cell has higher solute concentration than the cell, then the solution in called
hypertonic solution. 
Hypotonic solution – If the medium surrounding the cell has lower solute concentration than the cell, then the solution in called
hypotonic solution.
i. 13. Cambium tissue help in the secondary growth of the plant.
ii. Between mature tissue segments, intercalary meristematic growth occurs.
iii. Meristematic tissues are mostly found at the apices of root and shoot. 
OR 
The cambium is called the lateral meristem because it increases the girth of the axis.
14. 
i. 
ii. 
Nuclear region of bacterial cell Nuclear region of an animal cell
Smaller in size. Larger in size.
The nuclear membrane is absent, the nucleolus is absent. The nucleus is regarded as
the nucleoid.
Nuclear membrane with nucleolus
present.
iii. 
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
The size of a cell is generally small. The size of a cell is generally large.
The true nucleus is absent. The true nucleus is present.
It contains a single chromosome. Contains more than one chromosome.
Membrane-bound cell organelles absent. Membrane-bound cell organelles present.
OR
In plants, there are pipe-like vessels through which water and minerals can enter the plants. These vessels are made up of
elongated cells and thick walls. A group of cells forms a tissue which performs a specialized function within the organisms. These
are conducting tissues. These conducting tissues are divided into two types which are xylem and phloem.
i. Xylem: It is a vascular tissue that spreads from the top to bottom of the plant. It helps in the transportation of water and
minerals from roots to other parts of the plant. 
Elements of xylem:
a. Tracheids and Vessels: It is Tubular structure and transport water and minerals vertically.
b. Parenchyma: It stores food and helps in sideways conduction of water.
c. Fibres: It is supportive in function.
ii. Phloem It transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant. Food is prepared in leaves by the process of photosynthesis. 
Elements of phloem:
a. Sieve tubes: It is tubular cells with perforated walls. These consist of living cells.
b. Companion cells: It is small elongated cells with dense cytoplasm.
c. Phloem parenchyma : It is Thin-walled cells. Mainly function in storage and transportation of food.
d. Phloem fibres It is Thick-walled cells. These are dead cells. Provide mechanical strength to tissue. 
Both xylem and phloem maintain a transportation system within the plants. There is continuous transportation of food, water and
minerals within the plant. This transportation is necessary for the proper growth and maintenance of the plant.
Section B
15. (a) Conversion of solid into vapours without passing through the liquid state is called sublimation.  
Explanation:
Conversion of solid into vapours without passing through the liquid state is called sublimation.
16. 
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv)  
Explanation:
 
In the reaction, A
2
B is a compound made up of two elements A and B which are present in a fixed ratio. The properties of a
compound (e.g. A
2
B) are entirely different from those of its constituent elements (i.e., A and B). The product will always have
a fixed composition.
17. 
(d) Q and S  
Explanation:
Chromatogram of food sample does not match with the chromatograms of components Q and S.
18. 
(b) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)  
Explanation:
Valency is the combining capacity of an atom. Metals are electro-positive in nature. They lose an electron(s) to become stable.
Non-metals are electro-negative in nature. They gain an electron(s) to become stable. Noble gases or inert gases have a stable
configuration and zero valency.
19. 
(d) Fe  
Explanation:
Symbol "Fe" for Iron has been derived from the Latin word Ferrum.
20. 
(b) I  
Explanation:
The water will cool initially till it reaches 0°C, the freezing point. At this stage, the temperature will remain constant until all
the water will freeze. After this, the temperature would fall again.
21. 
(b) (iii) and (iv)  
Explanation:
Option (i) Decaying of wood and (ii) Burning of wood are chemical changes because in these processes, the chemical
composition of wood is changed and new substances are formed. Which cannot be converted back into their original form. 
In (iii) Sawing of wood and (iv) Hammering of a nail into a piece of wood, the chemical composition of wood is not changed,
therefore, (iii) and (iv) are physical changes.
22. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
th of mass of 1 atom of C-12 - is 1.66  10
-24
 - and atomic mass unit (1 amu) 1.66  10
-24
 g.
23. A chemical formula is the representation of elements present in a compound with the help of symbols and also the number of
atoms of each element with those numbers only. for eg: A molecule of water (compound) contains 2 atoms of hydrogen and one
2 A + B ? B A 2 1 1 2 × ×
Page 5


Section A
1. 
(b) D  
Explanation:
Due to plasmolysis liquid moves out from the cell and the cell membrane shrinks.
2. 
(b) endocytosis 
Explanation:
Amoeba acquires its food through the process of Endocytosis. Actually it has cytoplasmic projections called psedupodia (false
feet) that extend out of its body. It moves the pseudopodia towards the food and take it in its body through the process of
endocytosis.
3. 
(d) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)  
Explanation:
The energy required for various chemical activities is released by mitochondria. They contain enzymes for cellular
respiration. During cellular respiration, energy is released in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). The body uses
energy stored in ATP. Hence, ATP is called the energy currency of the cell.
Chloroplasts are found in leaves of plants. They make use of sunlight to perform a process called photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts are involved in the process of photosynthesis during which oxygen is produced and the net amount is
given off.
Red Blood Cells in mammals anucleate when mature i.e. they do not contain a nucleus. This is so that the cell has
maximum space for haemoglobin.
Ribosomes are associated with the synthesis of proteins from amino acids. Proteins are required by a cell for functions
such as repair or directing chemical processes.
4. 
(c) dendrite  
Explanation:
The dendrites receive impulses and the axon takes impulses away from the cell body.
5. (a) fish  
Explanation:
Induced breeding is an optimal effort to produce fish fry without considering the season. This technique is used to produce fry
of fish species that have or potentially have great economic significance for aquaculture, which do not reproduces
spontaneously in captivity.
6. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Blood is a fluid connective tissue. It consists of two components - fluid and corpuscles. It is composed of plasma, platelets, red
blood cells, and white blood cells.
7. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
Cell wall Cell membrane
It is present in bacteria, fungi, and plant cells. It is absent in
animal cells and protozoans.
It is present in all cells.
There is no other name of the cell wall. The cell membrane is also known as the plasma membrane or
plasmalemma.
The cell wall is completely permeable. The cell membrane is semi-permeable.
The cell wall is made up of cellulose. The cell membrane is made up of lipids and proteins.
The process of supplying water to crop plants by means of canals, wells, reservoirs, tube-wells, etc. is known as irrigation.
Most agriculture in India is rain-fed, that is, the success of crops in most areas is dependent on timely monsoons, and sufficient
rainfall spread through most of the growing season.
8. (i) Protection. (ii) Regulation of transpiration (iii) Formation of insulating stationary air layer with the help of hair. (iv) Exchange
of gases.
9. In poultry farming the following precautions should be taken:
a. Proper poultry feed.
b. Proper vaccination of birds.
c. Prevention and control of diseases and pests.
d. Isolation of diseased birds.
e. Maintenance of optimum temperature and hygienic conditions in housing.
OR
The disease causing microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and viruses are called pathogens. 
They reach the plants through water, air, soil as well as seeds. 
Two plant diseases caused by pathogens are rust in wheat and blast in paddy/stem rot in pigeon pea.
10. (a) Cows - Anthrax and Foot and mouth diseases 
(b) Poultry - Ranikhet and Salmonellosis diseases 
(c) Fishes- Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN)
i. 11. The tissue shown is collenchyma tissue. 
The labelling of the collenchyma tissue is as follows:
A. - Wall thickenings
B. - Nucleus
C. - Vacuole
D. - Cell wall
ii. Yes, the collenchyma tissue is flexible. This is so because collenchyma cells don't have lignin in their cell wall.
iii. The function of collenchyma tissue are as follows:
a. Collenchyma tissue provides flexibility to the plant.
b. It also provides mechanical support to plants.
12. Hypertonic solution – If the medium surrounding the cell has higher solute concentration than the cell, then the solution in called
hypertonic solution. 
Hypotonic solution – If the medium surrounding the cell has lower solute concentration than the cell, then the solution in called
hypotonic solution.
i. 13. Cambium tissue help in the secondary growth of the plant.
ii. Between mature tissue segments, intercalary meristematic growth occurs.
iii. Meristematic tissues are mostly found at the apices of root and shoot. 
OR 
The cambium is called the lateral meristem because it increases the girth of the axis.
14. 
i. 
ii. 
Nuclear region of bacterial cell Nuclear region of an animal cell
Smaller in size. Larger in size.
The nuclear membrane is absent, the nucleolus is absent. The nucleus is regarded as
the nucleoid.
Nuclear membrane with nucleolus
present.
iii. 
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
The size of a cell is generally small. The size of a cell is generally large.
The true nucleus is absent. The true nucleus is present.
It contains a single chromosome. Contains more than one chromosome.
Membrane-bound cell organelles absent. Membrane-bound cell organelles present.
OR
In plants, there are pipe-like vessels through which water and minerals can enter the plants. These vessels are made up of
elongated cells and thick walls. A group of cells forms a tissue which performs a specialized function within the organisms. These
are conducting tissues. These conducting tissues are divided into two types which are xylem and phloem.
i. Xylem: It is a vascular tissue that spreads from the top to bottom of the plant. It helps in the transportation of water and
minerals from roots to other parts of the plant. 
Elements of xylem:
a. Tracheids and Vessels: It is Tubular structure and transport water and minerals vertically.
b. Parenchyma: It stores food and helps in sideways conduction of water.
c. Fibres: It is supportive in function.
ii. Phloem It transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant. Food is prepared in leaves by the process of photosynthesis. 
Elements of phloem:
a. Sieve tubes: It is tubular cells with perforated walls. These consist of living cells.
b. Companion cells: It is small elongated cells with dense cytoplasm.
c. Phloem parenchyma : It is Thin-walled cells. Mainly function in storage and transportation of food.
d. Phloem fibres It is Thick-walled cells. These are dead cells. Provide mechanical strength to tissue. 
Both xylem and phloem maintain a transportation system within the plants. There is continuous transportation of food, water and
minerals within the plant. This transportation is necessary for the proper growth and maintenance of the plant.
Section B
15. (a) Conversion of solid into vapours without passing through the liquid state is called sublimation.  
Explanation:
Conversion of solid into vapours without passing through the liquid state is called sublimation.
16. 
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv)  
Explanation:
 
In the reaction, A
2
B is a compound made up of two elements A and B which are present in a fixed ratio. The properties of a
compound (e.g. A
2
B) are entirely different from those of its constituent elements (i.e., A and B). The product will always have
a fixed composition.
17. 
(d) Q and S  
Explanation:
Chromatogram of food sample does not match with the chromatograms of components Q and S.
18. 
(b) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)  
Explanation:
Valency is the combining capacity of an atom. Metals are electro-positive in nature. They lose an electron(s) to become stable.
Non-metals are electro-negative in nature. They gain an electron(s) to become stable. Noble gases or inert gases have a stable
configuration and zero valency.
19. 
(d) Fe  
Explanation:
Symbol "Fe" for Iron has been derived from the Latin word Ferrum.
20. 
(b) I  
Explanation:
The water will cool initially till it reaches 0°C, the freezing point. At this stage, the temperature will remain constant until all
the water will freeze. After this, the temperature would fall again.
21. 
(b) (iii) and (iv)  
Explanation:
Option (i) Decaying of wood and (ii) Burning of wood are chemical changes because in these processes, the chemical
composition of wood is changed and new substances are formed. Which cannot be converted back into their original form. 
In (iii) Sawing of wood and (iv) Hammering of a nail into a piece of wood, the chemical composition of wood is not changed,
therefore, (iii) and (iv) are physical changes.
22. 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
Explanation:
th of mass of 1 atom of C-12 - is 1.66  10
-24
 - and atomic mass unit (1 amu) 1.66  10
-24
 g.
23. A chemical formula is the representation of elements present in a compound with the help of symbols and also the number of
atoms of each element with those numbers only. for eg: A molecule of water (compound) contains 2 atoms of hydrogen and one
2 A + B ? B A 2 1 1 2 × × atom of oxygen hence its chemical formula is H
2
O
24. (a) Since the attraction force between particles of a gas is negligible i.e. extremely less hence particles freely move/flow in all
possible directions as a result gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
(b) Freely moving particles of gas hit the walls of its container continuously and randomly therefore such random and erratic
motion of gas particles exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
(c) A wooden table particles are quite rigid, have a fixed location and also possess a definite shape and volume. Due to all these
properties we should call a wooden table a solid substance.
(d) Air is a mixture of gases and since particles of gas are far apart and gases can be compressed easily so we can move our hand
in air. But a solid block of wood is hard and rigid that resists any change in location of its particles hence we need a karate expert
in case of a solid block of wood.
OR
Sr.
No.
Liquid State Gaseous State
1.
The particles cannot get away from each other but have
sufficient freedom of movement.
The particles are nearly independent of each other and can
move far away till they collide.
2. Only one free surface No free surface.
3. Kinetic energy is higher than solids.
Kinetic energy is much higher than the solids as well as
liquids.
25. Number of electrons in Al = Number of protons in Al = Atomic number (Z) of Al = 13 
Number of electrons in Al
3+
 = 13 - 3 = 10 
Number of electrons in Cl = Number of protons in Cl = Atomic number (Z) of chlorine = 17 
Number of electrons in Cl
-
 = 17 + 1 = 18
i. 26. Dispersion medium is a continuous medium in which the dispersed phase is distributed throughout. Dispersed phase is the
phase that is composed of particles that are distributed through another phase.
ii. Homogenous mixtures generally have a uniform composition throughout the mixture whereas Heterogeneous mixtures have
composition which may vary from point to point. In Homogenous mixtures, the whole mixture is in the same phase whereas in
Heterogeneous mixture, substances can be of two phases and layers may separate.
iii. An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are usually immiscible but under specific transforming processes will
adopt a macroscopic homogeneous aspect and a microscopic heterogeneous one. 
OR 
Coloured gemstone.
27. The postulates put forth by Neils Bohr’s about the model of an atom are as follows:-
i. Only certain special orbits known as discrete orbits, are allowed inside the atom. These discrete orbits are called energy levels.
Energy levels in an atom are shown by concentric circles. These orbits are represented by the letters K, L, M, N, … or the
numbers, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ….
ii. While revolving in the discrete orbits, the electrons do not radiate any energy.
OR
Rutherford had proposed a model in which the electrons revolve around the nucleus in well-defined orbits. However, the orbital
revolution of the electron was not expected to be stable. Any particle in a circular orbit would undergo acceleration and the
charged particles would radiate energy. Thus, the revolving electrons would lose energy and finally fall into the nucleus.
Revolution of electrons around the atom would make the atom highly unstable and the matter would not exist. But this is contrary
to our common observations.
Section C
28. 
(b) A force can stop a moving body  
Explanation:
A moving ball comes to a stop when the goalkeeper held his palm in the path of moving the ball. As his palm applies a force to
the moving ball. The stopping of a moving football by a goalkeeper demonstrates that a force can stop a moving object.