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Textbook Solutions: Periodic Classification of Element
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Page 1 Periodic Classification Of Element Exercise Q. 1. Rearrange the columns 2 and 3 so as to match with the column 1. Answer : Explanation: i. The German Chemist, Johann Dobereiner was the first to consider the idea of trends among properties of elements. He made group of three elements each which are having similar properties and called them triads. He showed that the atomic mass of the middle Page 2 Periodic Classification Of Element Exercise Q. 1. Rearrange the columns 2 and 3 so as to match with the column 1. Answer : Explanation: i. The German Chemist, Johann Dobereiner was the first to consider the idea of trends among properties of elements. He made group of three elements each which are having similar properties and called them triads. He showed that the atomic mass of the middle element was approx. equal to the mean of atomic masses of other two elements. For example: ii. The English Chemist, John Newlands discovered the Law of Octaves. He arranged the elements in increasing order of their atomic masses. He noticed that every eighth element had properties similar to the first element. iii. The English Scientist, Henry Moseley showed that the atomic number is equal to the positive charge on the nucleus or the total number of protons in the nucleus of the atom of that element. The atomic number is represented by ‘Z’. iv. Mendeleev organized the periodic table on the basis of chemical and physical properties of the elements. The horizontal rows are called periods. He arranged the elements sequentially in periods according to the change in molecular formula. v. A scientist Rutherford bombarded a very thin layer of gold with alpha-particles. On the basis of observations, he concluded that: (a) The nucleus is at the center of the atoms. (b) It has positive charge. (c) The positive charge and most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus. Page 3 Periodic Classification Of Element Exercise Q. 1. Rearrange the columns 2 and 3 so as to match with the column 1. Answer : Explanation: i. The German Chemist, Johann Dobereiner was the first to consider the idea of trends among properties of elements. He made group of three elements each which are having similar properties and called them triads. He showed that the atomic mass of the middle element was approx. equal to the mean of atomic masses of other two elements. For example: ii. The English Chemist, John Newlands discovered the Law of Octaves. He arranged the elements in increasing order of their atomic masses. He noticed that every eighth element had properties similar to the first element. iii. The English Scientist, Henry Moseley showed that the atomic number is equal to the positive charge on the nucleus or the total number of protons in the nucleus of the atom of that element. The atomic number is represented by ‘Z’. iv. Mendeleev organized the periodic table on the basis of chemical and physical properties of the elements. The horizontal rows are called periods. He arranged the elements sequentially in periods according to the change in molecular formula. v. A scientist Rutherford bombarded a very thin layer of gold with alpha-particles. On the basis of observations, he concluded that: (a) The nucleus is at the center of the atoms. (b) It has positive charge. (c) The positive charge and most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus. vi. J.J Thomson founded that an atom has a spherical shape. He compared an atom to a watermelon. He showed that the electrons (negatively charged particles) are embedded in it. The atom has a positively charged part. Q. 2. Choose the correct option and rewrite the statement. a. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of alkali metals is...... (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 3 (iv) 7 b. Alkaline earth metals have valency 2. This means that their position in the modern periodic table is in ..... (i) Group 2 (ii) Group16 (iii) Period 2 (iv) d-block c. Molecular formula of the chloride of an element X is XCl. This compound is a solid having high melting point. Which of the following elements be present in the same group as X. (i) Na (ii) Mg (iii) Al (iv) Si d. In which block of the modern periodic table are the nonmetals found? (i) s-block (ii) p-block (iii) d-block (iv) f-block Answer : a) The number of electrons in the outermost shell of alkali metals is 1. Explanation: Alkali metals belong to the group first of the periodic table. The number of electrons in the outermost shell (valence electrons) of all the alkali metals is 1 as shown below: Page 4 Periodic Classification Of Element Exercise Q. 1. Rearrange the columns 2 and 3 so as to match with the column 1. Answer : Explanation: i. The German Chemist, Johann Dobereiner was the first to consider the idea of trends among properties of elements. He made group of three elements each which are having similar properties and called them triads. He showed that the atomic mass of the middle element was approx. equal to the mean of atomic masses of other two elements. For example: ii. The English Chemist, John Newlands discovered the Law of Octaves. He arranged the elements in increasing order of their atomic masses. He noticed that every eighth element had properties similar to the first element. iii. The English Scientist, Henry Moseley showed that the atomic number is equal to the positive charge on the nucleus or the total number of protons in the nucleus of the atom of that element. The atomic number is represented by ‘Z’. iv. Mendeleev organized the periodic table on the basis of chemical and physical properties of the elements. The horizontal rows are called periods. He arranged the elements sequentially in periods according to the change in molecular formula. v. A scientist Rutherford bombarded a very thin layer of gold with alpha-particles. On the basis of observations, he concluded that: (a) The nucleus is at the center of the atoms. (b) It has positive charge. (c) The positive charge and most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus. vi. J.J Thomson founded that an atom has a spherical shape. He compared an atom to a watermelon. He showed that the electrons (negatively charged particles) are embedded in it. The atom has a positively charged part. Q. 2. Choose the correct option and rewrite the statement. a. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of alkali metals is...... (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 3 (iv) 7 b. Alkaline earth metals have valency 2. This means that their position in the modern periodic table is in ..... (i) Group 2 (ii) Group16 (iii) Period 2 (iv) d-block c. Molecular formula of the chloride of an element X is XCl. This compound is a solid having high melting point. Which of the following elements be present in the same group as X. (i) Na (ii) Mg (iii) Al (iv) Si d. In which block of the modern periodic table are the nonmetals found? (i) s-block (ii) p-block (iii) d-block (iv) f-block Answer : a) The number of electrons in the outermost shell of alkali metals is 1. Explanation: Alkali metals belong to the group first of the periodic table. The number of electrons in the outermost shell (valence electrons) of all the alkali metals is 1 as shown below: b) Alkaline earth metals have valency 2. This means that their position in the modern periodic table is in Group 2. Explanation: It is the electronic configuration of the elements which decides the group in which they are to be placed. The alkaline earth metals have two electrons in the outermost shell. This means that their position in the periodic table is in group 2. Page 5 Periodic Classification Of Element Exercise Q. 1. Rearrange the columns 2 and 3 so as to match with the column 1. Answer : Explanation: i. The German Chemist, Johann Dobereiner was the first to consider the idea of trends among properties of elements. He made group of three elements each which are having similar properties and called them triads. He showed that the atomic mass of the middle element was approx. equal to the mean of atomic masses of other two elements. For example: ii. The English Chemist, John Newlands discovered the Law of Octaves. He arranged the elements in increasing order of their atomic masses. He noticed that every eighth element had properties similar to the first element. iii. The English Scientist, Henry Moseley showed that the atomic number is equal to the positive charge on the nucleus or the total number of protons in the nucleus of the atom of that element. The atomic number is represented by ‘Z’. iv. Mendeleev organized the periodic table on the basis of chemical and physical properties of the elements. The horizontal rows are called periods. He arranged the elements sequentially in periods according to the change in molecular formula. v. A scientist Rutherford bombarded a very thin layer of gold with alpha-particles. On the basis of observations, he concluded that: (a) The nucleus is at the center of the atoms. (b) It has positive charge. (c) The positive charge and most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus. vi. J.J Thomson founded that an atom has a spherical shape. He compared an atom to a watermelon. He showed that the electrons (negatively charged particles) are embedded in it. The atom has a positively charged part. Q. 2. Choose the correct option and rewrite the statement. a. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of alkali metals is...... (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 3 (iv) 7 b. Alkaline earth metals have valency 2. This means that their position in the modern periodic table is in ..... (i) Group 2 (ii) Group16 (iii) Period 2 (iv) d-block c. Molecular formula of the chloride of an element X is XCl. This compound is a solid having high melting point. Which of the following elements be present in the same group as X. (i) Na (ii) Mg (iii) Al (iv) Si d. In which block of the modern periodic table are the nonmetals found? (i) s-block (ii) p-block (iii) d-block (iv) f-block Answer : a) The number of electrons in the outermost shell of alkali metals is 1. Explanation: Alkali metals belong to the group first of the periodic table. The number of electrons in the outermost shell (valence electrons) of all the alkali metals is 1 as shown below: b) Alkaline earth metals have valency 2. This means that their position in the modern periodic table is in Group 2. Explanation: It is the electronic configuration of the elements which decides the group in which they are to be placed. The alkaline earth metals have two electrons in the outermost shell. This means that their position in the periodic table is in group 2. Note: Count the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of any element then automatically it will tell you about the group no. of that element. c) (i)-Na Explanation: From the formula XCl, we can see that one atom of X combines with one atom of chlorine(Cl). This means chlorine is combined with the element X who is having valency of one. In the given elements, Na has one electron in the outermost shell. Hence, Na is the element X as NaCl. d. (ii)- p-block Explanation: The nonmetals are found in the p-block of the periodic table. The p- block consists of: (a) MetalsRead More
FAQs on Textbook Solutions: Periodic Classification of Element
| 1. What is the significance of the periodic table in chemistry? |  |
Ans. The periodic table organizes all known chemical elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It is significant because it provides a framework for understanding the relationships between different elements, predicting their behavior, and guiding scientists in discovering new elements.
| 2. How did Mendeleev contribute to the development of the periodic table? | |
Ans. Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with creating the first widely recognized periodic table in 1869. He arranged elements by increasing atomic mass and grouped them based on similar chemical properties. Mendeleev's table not only organized elements but also predicted the existence and properties of elements that had not yet been discovered.
| 3. What are the main categories of elements in the periodic table? | |
Ans. The elements in the periodic table are primarily categorized into three main groups: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Metals are typically good conductors of heat and electricity, nonmetals are more varied in properties and often are insulators, while metalloids exhibit characteristics of both metals and nonmetals.
| 4. What trends can be observed in the periodic table? | |
Ans. Several trends can be observed in the periodic table, including atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy. Generally, atomic radius decreases across a period from left to right and increases down a group. Electronegativity and ionization energy tend to increase across a period and decrease down a group, influencing how elements interact with one another.
| 5. How do the properties of elements change as you move across a period or down a group? | |
Ans. As you move across a period from left to right, elements typically become less metallic, more nonmetallic, and show an increase in ionization energy and electronegativity. In contrast, moving down a group, elements generally exhibit increased metallic character, larger atomic radii, and decreased ionization energy and electronegativity, affecting their chemical reactivity.
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