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Textbook Solutions: Heat
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Page 1 Heat Exercise Q. 1. Fill in the blanks and rewrite the sentence. a. The amount of water vapor in air is determined in terms of its ………… b. If objects of equal masses are given equal heat, their final temperature will be different. This is due to difference in their ……………... c. During transformation of liquid phase to solid phase, the latent heat is …………. Answer : (a) The amount of water vapor in air is determined in terms of its temperature. Explanation: The amount of vapor needed to saturate the air depends on temperature of the air. ? If the temperature is low, less vapor is needed to saturate the air. ? If the temperature is high, additional vapor will condense. (b) If objects of equal masses are given equal heat, their final temperature will be different. This is due to difference in their specific heat capacity. Explanation: The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of an object by 1 ° C is called the specific heat capacity of that object. (c) During transformation of liquid phase to solid phase, the latent heat is absorbed. Explanation: During transition of solid phase to liquid phase, the objects absorbs heat energy. This heat energy is used for breaking the bonds between the atoms or molecules in the solid and transform it into solid phase. Q. 2. Observe the following graph. Considering the change in volume of water as its temperature is raised from 0 o C, discuss the difference in the behaviour of water and other Page 2 Heat Exercise Q. 1. Fill in the blanks and rewrite the sentence. a. The amount of water vapor in air is determined in terms of its ………… b. If objects of equal masses are given equal heat, their final temperature will be different. This is due to difference in their ……………... c. During transformation of liquid phase to solid phase, the latent heat is …………. Answer : (a) The amount of water vapor in air is determined in terms of its temperature. Explanation: The amount of vapor needed to saturate the air depends on temperature of the air. ? If the temperature is low, less vapor is needed to saturate the air. ? If the temperature is high, additional vapor will condense. (b) If objects of equal masses are given equal heat, their final temperature will be different. This is due to difference in their specific heat capacity. Explanation: The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of an object by 1 ° C is called the specific heat capacity of that object. (c) During transformation of liquid phase to solid phase, the latent heat is absorbed. Explanation: During transition of solid phase to liquid phase, the objects absorbs heat energy. This heat energy is used for breaking the bonds between the atoms or molecules in the solid and transform it into solid phase. Q. 2. Observe the following graph. Considering the change in volume of water as its temperature is raised from 0 o C, discuss the difference in the behaviour of water and other substances. What is this behavior of water called? Answer : The given figure is the graph between the volume and temperature of water. (i) If the temperature is raised from 0 ° C, this means heating takes place. (ii) It has been observed that on heating, it contracts instead of expanding. (iii) At 4 ° C, due to contraction, volume decreases. (iv) If the water is heated further, it expands and its volume increases. (v) The behaviour of water between its temperature from 4 ° C, to 0 ° C, is called anomalous behaviour of water. Q. 3. What is meant by specific heat capacity? How will you prove experimentally that different substances have different specific heat capacities? Answer : The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of an object by 1 ° C is called the specific heat capacity of that object. To prove experimentally: Page 3 Heat Exercise Q. 1. Fill in the blanks and rewrite the sentence. a. The amount of water vapor in air is determined in terms of its ………… b. If objects of equal masses are given equal heat, their final temperature will be different. This is due to difference in their ……………... c. During transformation of liquid phase to solid phase, the latent heat is …………. Answer : (a) The amount of water vapor in air is determined in terms of its temperature. Explanation: The amount of vapor needed to saturate the air depends on temperature of the air. ? If the temperature is low, less vapor is needed to saturate the air. ? If the temperature is high, additional vapor will condense. (b) If objects of equal masses are given equal heat, their final temperature will be different. This is due to difference in their specific heat capacity. Explanation: The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of an object by 1 ° C is called the specific heat capacity of that object. (c) During transformation of liquid phase to solid phase, the latent heat is absorbed. Explanation: During transition of solid phase to liquid phase, the objects absorbs heat energy. This heat energy is used for breaking the bonds between the atoms or molecules in the solid and transform it into solid phase. Q. 2. Observe the following graph. Considering the change in volume of water as its temperature is raised from 0 o C, discuss the difference in the behaviour of water and other substances. What is this behavior of water called? Answer : The given figure is the graph between the volume and temperature of water. (i) If the temperature is raised from 0 ° C, this means heating takes place. (ii) It has been observed that on heating, it contracts instead of expanding. (iii) At 4 ° C, due to contraction, volume decreases. (iv) If the water is heated further, it expands and its volume increases. (v) The behaviour of water between its temperature from 4 ° C, to 0 ° C, is called anomalous behaviour of water. Q. 3. What is meant by specific heat capacity? How will you prove experimentally that different substances have different specific heat capacities? Answer : The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of an object by 1 ° C is called the specific heat capacity of that object. To prove experimentally: (i) Take three spheres of iron, copper and lead of equal masses. (ii) Now put all the three spheres in boiling water in the beaker for some time. (iii) Now, take them all out of the water, we will notice that all the spheres will be at temperature 100 ° C. (iv) Now, put them immediately on the thick slab of wax. (v) Note the depth of each sphere into the wax. (vi) The sphere which has absorbed more heat from water will give more heat to wax. (vii) More wax will thus melt, and deeper the sphere will go in the wax. (viii) We will notice, iron goes deepest, lead sphere goes the least and copper sphere goes to intermediate depth. (ix) This shows that for equal rise in temperature, the three spheres have absorbed different amounts of heat. (x) This means that the property which determines the amount of heat absorbed by a sphere is different for the three spheres. (xi) This property is called the specific heat capacity. Q. 4. While deciding the unit for heat, which temperatures interval is chosen? Why? Answer : While defining the unit for heat, the temperature range between 14 ° C to 15.5 ° Cis chosen. Page 4 Heat Exercise Q. 1. Fill in the blanks and rewrite the sentence. a. The amount of water vapor in air is determined in terms of its ………… b. If objects of equal masses are given equal heat, their final temperature will be different. This is due to difference in their ……………... c. During transformation of liquid phase to solid phase, the latent heat is …………. Answer : (a) The amount of water vapor in air is determined in terms of its temperature. Explanation: The amount of vapor needed to saturate the air depends on temperature of the air. ? If the temperature is low, less vapor is needed to saturate the air. ? If the temperature is high, additional vapor will condense. (b) If objects of equal masses are given equal heat, their final temperature will be different. This is due to difference in their specific heat capacity. Explanation: The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of an object by 1 ° C is called the specific heat capacity of that object. (c) During transformation of liquid phase to solid phase, the latent heat is absorbed. Explanation: During transition of solid phase to liquid phase, the objects absorbs heat energy. This heat energy is used for breaking the bonds between the atoms or molecules in the solid and transform it into solid phase. Q. 2. Observe the following graph. Considering the change in volume of water as its temperature is raised from 0 o C, discuss the difference in the behaviour of water and other substances. What is this behavior of water called? Answer : The given figure is the graph between the volume and temperature of water. (i) If the temperature is raised from 0 ° C, this means heating takes place. (ii) It has been observed that on heating, it contracts instead of expanding. (iii) At 4 ° C, due to contraction, volume decreases. (iv) If the water is heated further, it expands and its volume increases. (v) The behaviour of water between its temperature from 4 ° C, to 0 ° C, is called anomalous behaviour of water. Q. 3. What is meant by specific heat capacity? How will you prove experimentally that different substances have different specific heat capacities? Answer : The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of an object by 1 ° C is called the specific heat capacity of that object. To prove experimentally: (i) Take three spheres of iron, copper and lead of equal masses. (ii) Now put all the three spheres in boiling water in the beaker for some time. (iii) Now, take them all out of the water, we will notice that all the spheres will be at temperature 100 ° C. (iv) Now, put them immediately on the thick slab of wax. (v) Note the depth of each sphere into the wax. (vi) The sphere which has absorbed more heat from water will give more heat to wax. (vii) More wax will thus melt, and deeper the sphere will go in the wax. (viii) We will notice, iron goes deepest, lead sphere goes the least and copper sphere goes to intermediate depth. (ix) This shows that for equal rise in temperature, the three spheres have absorbed different amounts of heat. (x) This means that the property which determines the amount of heat absorbed by a sphere is different for the three spheres. (xi) This property is called the specific heat capacity. Q. 4. While deciding the unit for heat, which temperatures interval is chosen? Why? Answer : While defining the unit for heat, the temperature range between 14 ° C to 15.5 ° Cis chosen. If we take different temperature range than 14 ° C to 15.5 ° C, the amount of heat required will be slightly different. It is, therefore, essential to define a specific temperature range while. Defining the unit of heat. Q. 5. Explain the following temperature vs time graph. Answer : Temperature vs time graph: i. In this graph, line AB shows conversion of ice into water at constant temperature. Thus, AB represents: ice + water ii. The temperature remains constant during this transition. This transition temperature at which ice changes to water is called melting point of ice. iii. Line BC shows the rise in temperature of water from 0 ° to 100 ° C. This line represents: solid state ? liquid state. iv. Thereafter, heat energy is supplied to water. The heat energy absorbed by water which is used to break the bonds of liquid molecules and convert the liquid into gaseous state. v. Point C represents: liquid state ? gaseous state vi. The constant temperature at which the liquid transforms into gaseous state is called the boiling point of the liquid. vii. In last, the water completely changes to vapor. Page 5 Heat Exercise Q. 1. Fill in the blanks and rewrite the sentence. a. The amount of water vapor in air is determined in terms of its ………… b. If objects of equal masses are given equal heat, their final temperature will be different. This is due to difference in their ……………... c. During transformation of liquid phase to solid phase, the latent heat is …………. Answer : (a) The amount of water vapor in air is determined in terms of its temperature. Explanation: The amount of vapor needed to saturate the air depends on temperature of the air. ? If the temperature is low, less vapor is needed to saturate the air. ? If the temperature is high, additional vapor will condense. (b) If objects of equal masses are given equal heat, their final temperature will be different. This is due to difference in their specific heat capacity. Explanation: The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of an object by 1 ° C is called the specific heat capacity of that object. (c) During transformation of liquid phase to solid phase, the latent heat is absorbed. Explanation: During transition of solid phase to liquid phase, the objects absorbs heat energy. This heat energy is used for breaking the bonds between the atoms or molecules in the solid and transform it into solid phase. Q. 2. Observe the following graph. Considering the change in volume of water as its temperature is raised from 0 o C, discuss the difference in the behaviour of water and other substances. What is this behavior of water called? Answer : The given figure is the graph between the volume and temperature of water. (i) If the temperature is raised from 0 ° C, this means heating takes place. (ii) It has been observed that on heating, it contracts instead of expanding. (iii) At 4 ° C, due to contraction, volume decreases. (iv) If the water is heated further, it expands and its volume increases. (v) The behaviour of water between its temperature from 4 ° C, to 0 ° C, is called anomalous behaviour of water. Q. 3. What is meant by specific heat capacity? How will you prove experimentally that different substances have different specific heat capacities? Answer : The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of an object by 1 ° C is called the specific heat capacity of that object. To prove experimentally: (i) Take three spheres of iron, copper and lead of equal masses. (ii) Now put all the three spheres in boiling water in the beaker for some time. (iii) Now, take them all out of the water, we will notice that all the spheres will be at temperature 100 ° C. (iv) Now, put them immediately on the thick slab of wax. (v) Note the depth of each sphere into the wax. (vi) The sphere which has absorbed more heat from water will give more heat to wax. (vii) More wax will thus melt, and deeper the sphere will go in the wax. (viii) We will notice, iron goes deepest, lead sphere goes the least and copper sphere goes to intermediate depth. (ix) This shows that for equal rise in temperature, the three spheres have absorbed different amounts of heat. (x) This means that the property which determines the amount of heat absorbed by a sphere is different for the three spheres. (xi) This property is called the specific heat capacity. Q. 4. While deciding the unit for heat, which temperatures interval is chosen? Why? Answer : While defining the unit for heat, the temperature range between 14 ° C to 15.5 ° Cis chosen. If we take different temperature range than 14 ° C to 15.5 ° C, the amount of heat required will be slightly different. It is, therefore, essential to define a specific temperature range while. Defining the unit of heat. Q. 5. Explain the following temperature vs time graph. Answer : Temperature vs time graph: i. In this graph, line AB shows conversion of ice into water at constant temperature. Thus, AB represents: ice + water ii. The temperature remains constant during this transition. This transition temperature at which ice changes to water is called melting point of ice. iii. Line BC shows the rise in temperature of water from 0 ° to 100 ° C. This line represents: solid state ? liquid state. iv. Thereafter, heat energy is supplied to water. The heat energy absorbed by water which is used to break the bonds of liquid molecules and convert the liquid into gaseous state. v. Point C represents: liquid state ? gaseous state vi. The constant temperature at which the liquid transforms into gaseous state is called the boiling point of the liquid. vii. In last, the water completely changes to vapor. viii. This whole process is called latent heat of vaporization. Q. 6. A. Explain the following: What is the role of anomalous behaviour of water in preserving aquatic life in regions of cold climate? Answer : The behavior of water between its temperature from 0 ° C to 4 ° C is called anomalous behaviour of water. Role of anomalous behaviour of water in preserving aquatic life: (i) In winter, as the temperature of the atmosphere goes down due to which the water of the surface also cools down. (ii) As a result, the temperature of whole water body decreases to 4 ° C. (iii) Now, as water on the surface at 4 ° C cool down further, its volume increases and density also increases. (iv) On reaching the temperature at 0 ° C, water transforms into ice. (v) The process of cooling becomes slow due to the low thermal conductivity of ice (ice bad conductor of heat). (vi) Thus, a temperature of 4 ° C is always maintained. (vii) In normal conditions, the temperature goes on increasing. (viii) This whole process preserves the aquatic life even in cold regions. Q. 6. B. Explain the following: How can you relate the formation of water droplets on the outer surface of a bottle taken out of refrigerator with formation of dew?Read More
FAQs on Textbook Solutions: Heat
| 1. What are the three main methods of heat transfer? |  |
Ans. The three main methods of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction occurs when heat is transferred through direct contact between materials, convection involves the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) transferring heat through circulation, and radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation, which does not require a medium to travel through.
| 2. How does temperature affect the state of matter? | |
Ans. Temperature plays a critical role in determining the state of matter. As temperature increases, particles gain energy and move more vigorously, which can result in a change from solid to liquid (melting) or from liquid to gas (evaporation). Conversely, lowering the temperature can lead to a transition from gas to liquid (condensation) or from liquid to solid (freezing).
| 3. What is specific heat capacity and why is it important? | |
Ans. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius. It is important because it helps in understanding how different materials respond to heat. For example, water has a high specific heat capacity, which means it can absorb a lot of heat without a significant change in temperature, making it essential for regulating climate and biological processes.
| 4. What is the difference between temperature and heat? | |
Ans. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, indicating how hot or cold it is. Heat, on the other hand, is the energy transferred between substances or systems due to a temperature difference. In essence, temperature quantifies thermal energy, while heat refers to the energy in transit.
| 5. Can you explain how a thermometer works? | |
Ans. A thermometer works based on the principle of thermal expansion. It usually contains a liquid (like mercury or colored alcohol) that expands or contracts in response to temperature changes. As the temperature increases, the liquid expands and rises in the calibrated tube of the thermometer, indicating the temperature on the scale. Conversely, when the temperature decreases, the liquid contracts and falls.
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